• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.917-922
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• 2009

The effect of adding docosahexaenoic acid into an n-3 fatty acid adequate diet on the improvement of learning related brain function was investigated. On the second day after conception, Sprague Dawley strain dams were subjected to a diet containing either n-3 fatty acid adequate (Adq, 3.4% linolenic acid) or n-3 fatty acid adequate+docosahexaenoic acid (Adq+DHA, 3.31%linolenic acid plus 9.65% DHA). After weaning, male pups were fed on the same diet of their respective dams until adulthood. Motor activity and Morris water maze tests were measured at 10 weeks. In the motor activity test, there were no statistically significant differences in moving time and moving distance between the Adq and Adq+DHA diet groups. The n-3 fatty acid adequate with DHA (Adq+DHA) group tended to show a shorter escape latency, swimming time and swimming distance compared to the n-3 fatty acid adequate group (Adq), but the differences were not statistically significant. There was no difference in resting time, but the Adq+DHA group showed a higher swimming speed compared to the Adq group. In memory retention trials, the numbers of crossing of the platform position (region A), in which the hidden platform was placed, were significantly greater than those of other regions for both Adq and Adq+DHA groups. Based on these results, adding DHA into the n-3 fatty acid adequate diet from gestation to adulthood tended to induce better spatial learning performance in Sprague Dawley rats as assessed by the Morris water maze test, although the difference was not significant.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.200-208
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• 2004

Objective: Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) is characterized by insulin resistance, which affects the glucose transportation inside the cell. The purpose of this study was to find out how Palmijihwangtang (PMT) and exercise influence the glucose transport metabolism in the organ muscles of ZDF (zucker diabetic fatty) rat with insulin resistance. Methods: Using three male normal zucker rats and twelve male obese rats, they were divided into a normal lean group (N=3), obese control group (N=3), obese exercises group (N=3), obese medication group (N=3), obese exercise and medication group (N=3). Treadmill exercise were repeated with 27m/min speed for an hour a day, five days a week, for 8 weeks. And 20β/sub ￠/ of PMT was orally administered twice a day for 8 weeks, after that a period blood sample was exsanguinated by heart perforation and was analyzed. Results: The body weight of the OM and OEM group showed a significant decrease among all the obese groups. The blood insulin level increased significantly of all groups in comparison with the N group. All of the OE, OM and the OEM groups showed a significant decrease of insulin level compared with the OC group; especially the OEM group demonstrated the most among obese groups. Regarding GLUT-4 level, OEM was the unique group showed a significant increase among all the obese groups. The VAMP-2 level in myocardium cell membrane was increased significantly at OC group in comparison with the N group, whereas the OEM group only showed significant decrease of it. In addition, the VAMP-2 level in pancreas β-cell was significantly decreased at all the obese groups in comparison with the N group. Only the OEM group showed significant increase among all the obese groups. Conclusion: Palmijihwangtang (PMT) and exercise could effectively promote the insulin metabolism in pancreas β-cells and activate the glucose transport process in myocardium cell membrane by lowering the insulin resistance of ZDF rats.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.43-48
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• 1996

Mutangen sensitive hyper-rec type musN mutants were assigned into the UvsC group which contains genes involved in recombination and mutation. however, phenotypic properties of musN mutants were very different from those found in uvsC mutant strains which are rec- and lack UV-induced mutation. musN was not a mutator like uvsC. In addition, selenate resistant mutations in musN were induced sililar to those in wild types by UV irradiation. Wild type levels of UV-sensitivity in dividing cells of musN also differ from the uvsC phenotypes. These indicate that the UvsC group has branched pathways.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.179-203
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• 1992

This study was designed to analyze nasal respiratory patency and its correlation with skeletal components in growing children with anterior crossbite. The subjects consisted of 40 control patients, 24 nose breathers with anterior crossbite and 18 mouth breathers with anterior crossbite. The mean age was 11.4 years in the control group, 10.1 years in nose breathing group and 9.5 years in mouth breathing group. The results were as follows, 1. In anterior cross bite group, and nasal respiratory airflow rates (N.R.A.R.) was significantly lower than that of control group regardless of nasal decongestants application. 2. The N.R.A.R. of mouth breathers with anterior crossbite in male group was significantly lower than that of mouth breathers, but increased to the level of control group after nasal decongestants application. But in female group, the N.R.A.R. was significantly lower in mouth breathing group at both conditions. 3. Mouth breathing group showed smaller anterior vertical nasal cavity height (ANS-ANS'), lower upper anterior facial height ratios (N-sp'/N-Me) and higher maxillary occlusal plane ratios (OL-ML/ML-NL) than those of nose breathing group with anterior crossibte. 4. Items showing nasal height (ANS-ANS', PNS-PNS'), anterior upper facial height (N-sp') was were strongly correlated with N.R.A.R. at 150 pascal in inspiration. But item showing maxillary occlusal plane ratios (OL-ML/ML-NS) was negatively correlated with N.R.A.R. at 150 pascal in inspiration. 5. There were forward tongue position in mouth breathing group, but it was not significantly correlated with N.R.A.R. at 150 pascal in inspiration.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 1975

The concept and definition of nursing and her role have been changing in accordance with the socio-cultural factors of the initial society. At present, nursing is conceptualized as a health care profession assisting man to restore, maintain and promote health by providing knowledge, wilt strength and resources through various processes of interaction. Man′s behavior, of individual and group activities for health inclusive, is driven by the initial man′s value orientation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the value orientation regarding health of rural health center milieu in order to give data for; 1. the planning for the delivery of community nursing service, 2. the health education plan at all level of nursing care activities, and 3. the planning of curriculum for nursing education. A hundred opinion leaders among the labor population residing in rural areas (P-group), hundred and six professional nurses at rural health centers (N-group) were indirectly interviewed through questionaries. And ninety five of N-group were interviewed likewise of their perceptions of P-group (NP-group) from July 15, to October 15, 1974. The result is as follows: 1. Maintenance of health is revealed to be the most valued component for man′s happiness in all the three groups. (P-group: 7.30 S. D.=1.31), (N-group :7.84 S. D. =49), and (NP-group : 5.93 S. D. =2.28) 2. The average value score of the maintenance of health revealed significant difference by P〈.001 level between each of the three groups. (Between N-group and P-group : T= -4.07 P and NP ; T=-6.93, N and NP: T=-9.35) 3. Basic health maintenance activities necessary for maintenance and promotion of personal health were moderately valued by all the three groups, P-group ; 3.74 (S. D. =.43) , N-group: 3.52 (S. D. =.34), NP-group: 3.07 (S. D. :.55) Among the 8 categories of basic health maintenance activities, "food intake" was highly valued by P-group (mean value score; 4.00 S. D=.51) , "exercise and rest" and "personal cleanliness" was highly valued by both P-group (4.02, 4.08) and N-group (4.08, 4.22). 4. The mean value score of basic health maintenance activities revealed significant difference by P〈.001 level between each of the three groups (between P-group and N-group: T=-4, 07, N-and NP: T=-6.93, P and NP T=-9.35) 5. Among the 30 questionaries, dynamic activities for health maintenance were more valued in comparison to passive activities in an tile three groups. 6. In N-group, correlation between the value of basic health maintenance activities and the personal health status personal revealed moderate significance. Correlation between the value of basic health maintenance activities and the age revealed low significance. 7. In group, correlation between the value of basic health maintenance activities and; perception of personal health status revealed non significance, between the age and sex revealed low sign affiance, and between the educational status revealed moderate significance. Recommendations are as follows ; 1. The efforts towards alteration of value orientation concerning health in general in community nursing practice de focussed be that of family Planning. 2. In order to prepare professional nurses competent in understanding individual and group, social science and behavioral science be strength ended in planning nursing curriculum. 3. Milieu of nursing experience during nursing education be Planned to begin at simple nursing problem and move towards complex, f. e. home care towards health crisis situation in order to achieve dynamic role mastery.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1400-1405
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• 2007

The effect of supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid into n-3 fatty acid deficient diet on improvement of loaming related brain function was investigated. On the second day after conception, Sprague Dawley strain dams were subjected to a diet containing either n-3 fatty acid deficient (Def) or n-3 fatty acid deficient + docosahexaenoic acid (Def+DHA). After weaning, male pups were fed on the same diet of their respective dams until adulthood. Motor activity and Morris water maze tests were measured at 10 weeks old. In motor activity test, there were no statistically significant differences in moving time and moving distance between the Def and Def+DHA diet groups. The n-3 fatty acid deficient with DHA (Def+DHA) group exhibited a shorter escape latency, swimming time and swimming distance (P<0.05) compared to the n-3 fatty acid deficient group (Def) but there was no difference in resting time and swimming speed between the experimental diet groups. In memory retention trial, the number of crossing of the platform position (region A) was significantly greater than those of other regions for the Def+DHA group. However, the Def group swam randomly without preference for the provisions platform location, indicating poorer memory retention. From those results, supplementation with DHA into the n-3 fatty acid deficient diet improved the spatial loaming ability in rats as assessed by Morris water maze test.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.1 s.48
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• pp.43-54
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• 1995

This study was conducted to examine the metal release of TiN-plated stainless steel orthodontic appliances by constructing the simulated orthodontic appliances equivalent to maxillary half arch, by dividing into TiN-plated and TiN-nonplated Bloops and by dividing again these groups into welded and nonwelded groups. And then, the total quantity of metal release was obtained by measuring the amounts of both soluble and precipitated nickel and chromium after immersing in artificial saliva for 15 days. And then, the corrosion appearance of surface structure was observed by using SEM. The results of this study were summarized as follows. 1. The total amounts of released nickel and chromium showed that the TiN-plated group after welding(Group 1) was 25.46 ${\mu}g$, respectively, and 17.4 ${\mu}g$, while the TiN-nonplated group after welding(Group III) was 54.69 ${\mu}g$, respectively, and 85.27 ${\mu}g$. Then, the TiN-Plated group indicated less amounts of metal release(p<0.05). 2. The total amounts of the TiN-plated group without welding(Group II) was 0.05${\mu}g$ and 0.34${\mu}g$, respectively. Then, it was shown that the TiN-plated group without welding(Group II) indicated less metal release than that of the TiN-Plated group after welding(Group I)(p<0.01, p<0.05). 3. When observing their surface structure, there were a lot of precipitate and pitting corrosion in the groups with welding(Group I & III), when the TiN-plated group(Group I) showed lower level than the TiN-nonplated group(Group IIII). On the other hand, the groups without welding(Group II & IV) indicated a little of pitting corrosion. 4. In case of observation with the naked eyes, it was shown that there were significant disco1oration and corrosion in the groups with welding(Group I & III), while there was no any remarkable change in the groups without welding(Group II & IV).

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.283-296
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• 2009

Let f(x) = $x^n\;+\;a$ be a binomial polynomial in Z[x] and $f_m(x)$ be the m-th iterate of f(x). In this work we study a necessary condition to be the Galois group of $f_m(x)$ is isomorphic to a wreath product group $[C_n]^m$ where $C_n$ is a cyclic group of order n.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.10 no.1_2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2002

A group G is said to be (l, n, n)-generated if it is a quotient group of the triangle group T(p,q,r)=(x,y,z|x$\^$p/=y$\^$q/=z$\^$r/=xyz=1). In [15], the question of finding all triples (l, m, n) such that non-abelian finite simple groups are (l , m, n)-generated was posed. In this paper we partially answer this question for the sporadic group He. We continue the study of (p, q, r) -generations of the sporadic simple groups, where p, q, r are distinct primes. The problem is resolved for the Held group He.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.414-430
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• 2016

Verifier-local revocation (VLR) seems to be the most flexible revocation approaches for any group signature scheme, because it just only requires the verifiers to possess some up-to-date revocation information, but not the signers. Langlois et al. (PKC 2014) proposed the first VLR group signature based on lattice assumptions in the random oracle model. Their scheme has at least Õ(n²) ⋅ log N bit group public key and Õ(n) ⋅ log N bit signature, respectively. Here, n is the security parameter and N is the maximum number of group members. In this paper, we present a simpler lattice-based VLR group signature, which is more efficient by a O(log N) factor in both the group public key and the signature size. The security of our VLR group signature can be reduced to the hardness of learning with errors (LWE) and small integer solution (SIS) in the random oracle model.