• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of pure mineral nitrogen fertilization on dry matter yield and to determine the amounts of advisable mineral nitrogen according to difference of annual precipitations in permanent grassland. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Only PK-fertilizing without additional mineral nitrogen application produced 6. 9 tonlha of annual dry matter yields on average in relatively wet years that was higher than in rel. dry and normal years under 3-cut system by 0. 7 and 0.6 ton DMIha, respectively. 2. Due to the lesser rainfall the nitrogen-efficiency was substantially higher with heavy dressing of nitrogen fertilizer. The absolute differences in yield between rel. dry and wet years were 0.4 and 0.7 ton DMIhalyear respectively when dressed with 90 and 120 kgN/ha/cut at 4-, 5- and 6-cut systems, whereas at 3-cut system differences around 1.3 and 1.1 ton Dhllhalyear respectively were recorded. 3. In rel. dry years the most efficient N-dressing rates per ha and year tended to be slightly higher than in rel. wet and normal years. Particularly at 5-cut system 4-7 kg/ha/cut of more nitrogen fertilization was required in order to obtain the highest overyields. 4. The N-dressing rates needed to maintain a nitrogen-efficiency of 8 to 16 kg DM/kg N tended to be stronger particularly at high cut system, and also in rel. dry years higher dressing rates were required that in rel. wet and normal years.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.269-277
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• 2009

In this research, the vegetation growth and rice taste of the liquid fertilizer applied fields (LF) were compared with those of chemical fertilizer applied fields(CF) in order to confirm the possibility of methane fermentation digested sludge as liquid fertilizer using precision agriculture and remote sensing technology. In panicle initiation stage, the vegetation growth at LF was 60%~80% of it at CF and there were significant difference of nitrogen contents between CF and LF. The estimation model of nitrogen contents was established by GNDVI (R=0.607, RMSE=$1.04\;g/m^2$, n=36, p<0.01). In heading stage, vegetation growth at LF went close to it at CF as ratio of 80%~95%. The nitrogen content estimation model was also established (R=0.650, RMSE=$1.73\;g/m^2$, n=35, p<0.01) and there were significant difference of spatial variability between LF and CF. There were not significant difference of rice taste and it's elements, when three samples, which were more than twice of standard deviation, were excepted. The protein contents estimation model using GNDVI of before harvesting (R=0.700, RMSE=0.470%, n=29, p<0.01) were more suitable to predict the protein contents at harvesting comparing with it of heading stage(R=0.610, RMSE=0.521%, n=29, p<0.01).

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.111-122
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• 2009

Compound fertilizer contained slow release nitrogen was used at golf course management because of promoting turfgrass growth and decreasing fertilizing labor. But, it was hardly published about turf grass growth by its effect and form like isobutylidene diurea(IBDU) and methylene urea(MU) in golf course management of Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of compound fertilizer contained slow release nitrogen such as IBDU and MU on creeping bentgrasss and the change in nitrogen in the root zone after application of fertilizers at AM turfgrass research institute with soil analysis, chlorophyll content index, leaf area index and dry weight during 5 months from July to december in 2007 year. Fertilizer treatments were designed as following; non-fertilizer(NF), straight fertilizer(CF), treatment 1(MU), treatment 2(IBDU 1), and treatment 3(IBDU 2). The every treatments were arranged a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results obtained were summarized as follows: As relative to time after N fertilizers application, ammonium and nitrate in soil were increased, but T-N was decrease. $NO_3$-N and T-N content of slow release fertilizer(SRF), the treatment MU, IBDU 1 and IBDU 2, in soil was higher than that of CF, and the change of ratio of available N and T-N by elapsed time after fertilizing SRFs and CF was higher about 5% in root zone of SF to l5days, but in root zone of SRF from 30days about $5{\sim}10%$. Compared with NF, the turf color index was increased 6.5%, 6.7%, 5.9% and 5.5%, respectively, the chlorophyll content 33.2%, 38.4%, 35.1% and 37.1%, the dry weight 76.2%, 77.7%, 69.5 and 72.3% and shoot number 28%, 52%, 56% and 51%. The chlorophyll content index of MD, IBDU 1 and IBDU 2 was increased $2.6{\sim}5.2%$ than that of CF, shoot number $18{\sim}22%$ but turf color index and dry weight was analogous to that of CF. These results showed that the SRF application was supplied nitrogen for a long time in root zone by increasing an available nitrogen, and so bring turf growth such as chlorophyll content and shoot number in creeping bentgrass.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.3-12
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• 2001

This study conducted to Investigate the movement of fertilized nutrients in a volcanic ash soil in Jeju using by the pressure-vacuum soil water sampler. The percolated water to measure the ion concentration of leachates was taken from a lysimeter at depths of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 cm in the soil in where a corn and potato were cultivated as a preceding and succeeding crop, respectively. Fertilizers of N-$P_2$O$_{5}$-$K_2$O were applied at the rate of 36-30-30 kg $10a^{-1}$ for the corn and 28-22-24 kg $10a^{-1}$ for the potato prior to planting of both crops. The highest concentrations of Cl , $NO_3$-N, $Ca^{+2}$ and $K^+$ in percolates were showed at 20cm and 40cm in soil depth at one month after fertilizing, and then gradually moved and reduced into below soil depths. At 5.5 months after fertilization, the concentrations in all soil depths were similar with the value of before fertilization. At depth of 120cm, the concentration of NO$_3$-N and the other cations in leachate was highest 1 to 1.5 months after fertilization. pH in percolated water was negatively correlated with NO$_3$-N concentration while the concentration of $NO_3$-N showed positive correlation between Cl, $Ca^{+2}$ and $Mg^{+2}$ concentrations. This result indicated that those cations can be leached out by accompanied with $NO_3$-N.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the biologically treated animal wastewater as a liquid fertilizer in the paddy rice. The treated water has content of the ammonia nitrogen 24mg/I and nitrate 40 mg/I on an average in the first year. A trace of nitrite has been shown. The phosphate content was 92 mg/I on an average. The amount of yielded rice was 365kg/10a for test 1 (no fertilizer), 388dg/10a for test 2(chemical fertilizer), 526kg/10a for test 3 (treated water) respectively. The treated water showed 35% more in production than the chemical fertilizer. The treated water has content of the ammonia nitrogen 40mg/I and nitrate 67mg/I on an average in the second year. A trace of nitrite has been shown. The phosphate content was 57mg/I on an average. The amount of yielded rice was 402kg/10a for test 1, 505kg/10a for test 2, 607kg/10a for test 3 respectively. Yield of unhulled rice was 20% more in the plot of treated water than that of chemical fertilizer.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.423-434
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• 2020

The effects of amino acid and/or urea liquid fertilizer application on the growth and phytochemicals of Perilla leaves were summarized as follows; The fresh weight of the perilla leaves was in the order of CF, CL, KLF, and control, and 39.7 g, 37.4 g, 36.5 g and 32.3 g were measured. The plant height increased by 71.6 cm in the CF treatment than in the control(54.6 cm). The number of nodes was 14.3 node in CF treatment and 19% more than control(12 node). The vitamin C content tends to be increased by fertilizing the amino acid solution in the perilla leaf. The components of polyvalent unsaturation of n-6 origin were measured in CF treatment, KLF treatment, and control in 10.19 mg, 10.18 mg, and 9.38 mg per 100 g, respectively. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, arginine, alanine and lysin were contained in perilla leaf amino acid. Glutaminic acid content was found to be 455.1 mg, 495.6 mg, and 478.8 mg in the control, KLF and CF treatment per 100 g, respectively. Effective nutrition management using amino acid fertilizer optimizes crop yield and profitability, it is important to reduce the negative environmental risks of using fertilizer.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.271-281
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• 2018

To examine the feasibility of reuse of raw fishmeal wastewater, it was biodegraded by a microbial consortium in a $1-m^3$ reactor, and the final culture broth including mixed microbes was applied as biofertilizer to field cultivation of lettuce and Chinese cabbage. Moreover, economic analysis of the entire process was performed. A stable metabolism of organic matter degradation for 80 h with sufficient dissolved oxygen produced an amino acid content of 14.66 g per 100 g sample, along with increased cation and anion concentrations. The concentrations of N, P and K in the final culture broth were 2.26, 0.87 and 0.65%, respectively, while those of heavy metals were very low. In field cultivation of the two leafy vegetables, the biodegraded fishmeal wastewater showed better fertilizing ability than commercial fertilizers because of its high amino acid content. In addition, no external damage to leaves by the fertilization was observed. In economic analysis, the expected profitability from the practical reuse of raw fishmeal wastewater was estimated to be $491.68 per a single biodegradation, which corresponds to $25,567.36 per year. As a result, the complete reuse of fishmeal wastewater could be feasible and provide essential benefits.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.203-218
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• 2017

The study was initiated at three rice paddy fields of each large-scale area environment-friendly agricultural district, Suncheon and Jangheung in Jeollanam-do, and Okcheon in Chungcheongbuk-do in 2016 to observe growth and nutrients in soil and rice in a season. Jangheung farm had two observed plots; conventional plots and conventional plots additionally fertilizing of 20% T-N with oil-cake. Soil pH, EC, and K concentration on June in Jangheung farm were significantly higher than those values observed in Suncheon and Okcheon farms. Annual rice T-N contents in the Jangheung farm were more than 80 g but decreased in a season. T-N concentration in rice was high in Jangheung farm but the concentrations of P and K were not significantly different among the three farms at harvest. Plant height was as low as 101 cm in Sunchon farm but high in the dry weight (72 g). Leaf SPAD was higher in Jangheung farm than those of other farms. Okcheon farm, with early cultivar 'Milky queen', produced high head rice of 93%, and high unhulled rice and the brown rice per ha. Therefore, the annual production income was as high as 26.7 million won per ha. However, nutrient (T-N + P + K) balance in Okcheon farm with high amount of fertilizer application were as high as 900 kg per ha. On the other hand, nutrient balance in Jangheung farm resulted in less than 300 kg.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.271-280
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• 1994

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of fertilizing mineral nitrogen on dry matter yield of Reed canarygrass and also to estimate proper levels of fertilizing nitrogen when uncultivated rice paddy rapidly increased these days, was used for the production if Reed canarygrass. \ulcornerhe results are as follows. 1. Relative dry matter according to cutting frequency was appeared the highest at the 2nd cut for 3 and 4 cutting frequencies, and the 3rd cut for 5 cutting frequency. Those were 43.1, 34.0 and 34.1 % respectively. 2. When using only phosphrous and potassium, the average dry matter per year and ha was between 9.0 and 12.0 tons(3, 4 and 5 cutting frequency) and the highest dry matter was shown at 5 cutting frequency. 3. In accordance to the increase in the fertilization of nitorgen, the yield of dry matter was increased and, when 30 kg/ha/cut of mineral nitrogen was added, the biggest increase rate per added nitrogen for dry matter yield per year compared to that of no fe~tilization of nitrogen was recorded and it was 2.7, 3.3, and 3.4 tons/ ha for 3, 4 and 5 cutting frequencies respectively. 4. The efficiencies of mineral nitrogen on dry matter yield(DM kg/N kg) were the highest when 30kg nitrogen was applied particularly in 3, 4 and 5 cutting frequencies(29.7, 27.2, 22.8 DM kg/N kg). It recorded the highest of all the treatments. The efficiency was actually decreased in higher application of mineral nitrogen. The total nitrogen yield efficiency was the highest in 30kg(0.45kg and 0.48kg at 4 and 5 cutting frequency) and 60kg fertilization/ha/cut (0.46kg at 3 cuting frequency) and the decreased efficiencies appeared at fertilization of higher nitrogen. 5. Economical borden of mineral nitrogen fertilization were between 199.2 and 243.3kglha at 3 cutting frequency, between 253.4 and 295.9kg at 4 cutting frequency and between 302.2 and 361.3kg at 5 cutting frequency. 6. Under the condition of this experiment, the cutting frequency leading the potential production at maximum was 3 cutting frequency. At 3 cutting frequency, the efficiency of nitrogen utilization was higher and 15 or 16 tons of dry matter was obtained which is a level of economical border at fertilization between 200 and 240kglha. It wrs possible to obtain the maximal dry matter yield(l7 tonslha) at fertilization of lower level than 400kgl ha.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2004

The present study investigated the possibility of applying the fermented swine liquid manure handled with TAO system to hydroponic cultivation. The fermented swine liquid manure (FLM) used for the study was in low concentration of phosphoric acid (P). Hence, when doing hydroponic cultivation, the concentration of P and K was supplemented. The concentrations of N, P, and K in compensated FLMs were as fellows; (a) N 58mg/1, P 0.5mg/1 and K 31 mg/1 for FLM-1, (b) N 58mg/1, P 31 mg/l and K 39mg/1 for FLM-2, and (c) N 58mg/1, P 31 mg/1 and K 61 mg/1 for FLM-3, respectively. For hydroponic cultivation, it was possible to use diluted solution by 100 times through experiment of germination index. According to the experiment using lettuce, the compensated FLMs with P and K were superior in leaf width, yield and dry weight to FLM without any treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement some nutrition before applying. In conclusion, it is highly estimated that the fermented swine liquid manure can be ap-plied to hydroponic cultivation. It is also necessary to conduct further researches related to nutritional compensation depending on the vegetables.