• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.677-681
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• 2016

Excessive nitrogen fertilization influences crop yields and quality as well as environmental pollution. In this study, yields, nitrogen use efficiency and free sugar contents of burdock (Arctium lappa L.) were evaluated at different levels of nitrogen fertilization. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 5 levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200%) based on the conventional fertilization ($N=230kg\;ha^{-1}$), and phosphate and potassium fertilizer were treated by conventional P and K fertilization ($P_2O_5-K_2O=140-210kg\;ha^{-1}$) in all plots. The root yields of burdock were the highest in N 100~150% treatment plots. Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen recovery decreased from over N 150% treatment. Nitrogen uptake of root was greater than that of shoot in N 50~200% treatments. Fructose contents in root were inversely proportional to the level of nitrogen fertilization. As considering nitrogen recovery and root quality, economical burdock yield was obtained in N $230kg\;ha^{-1}$.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제85권1호
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• pp.96-106
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• 1996

루브라 오리나무(Alnus rubra Bong.) 파종묘(播種苗)에 Frankia 질소고정균(窒素固定菌)과 Alpova diplophloeus 외생균근균(外生菌根菌)을 접종(接種)한 후 온실에서 10주 동안 길렀다. 이 묘목(苗木)에 질소(窒素)와 인산(燐酸)을 여섯 가지로 조합(대조(對照)), 10mM $NH_4NO_3$, 50mM $NH_4NO_3$, 5mM $KH_2PO_4$, 10mM $NH_4NO_3+5mM$ $KH_2PO_4$, 50mM $NH_4NO_3+5mM$ $KH_2PO_4$)하여 매주 3회씩 10주 동안 시비(施肥)하였다. 고농도(高濃度)의 질소(窒素) 시비(施肥)는 온실에서 오염된 균에 의한 균근(菌根) 형성(形成)을 증가시켰으나, 질소고정(窒素固定)과 뿌리혹내(內) 인산(燐酸) 농도(濃度)는 감소시켰다. 인산(燐酸) 시비(施肥)는 뿌리혹과 묘목의 지상부 생장, 그리고 식물체(植物體) 조직내(組織內) 인산(燐酸) 농도(濃度)를 증가시켰다. 한편 고농도(高濃度)의 질소(窒素) 시비(施肥)는, 엽내(葉內) 인산(燐酸) 농도(濃度)에 있어서는 인산(燐酸) 시비(施肥) 효과를 배가(倍加)시켰으나, 뿌리혹내(內)의 인산(燐酸) 농도(濃度)에 있어서는 인산(燐酸) 시비(施肥) 효과를 없어지게 하였다. A. diplophloeus 외생균근균(外生菌根菌) 접종(接種)으로는 묘목의 직경생장(直徑生長)과 광합성(光合成)이 증가되었으나 잎 생장은 감소하였다. 이 결과는 고농도(高濃度)의 질소(窒素)나 인산(燐酸) 시비(施肥)가 질소고정(窒素固定)과 균근(菌根) 발단에 영향을 주지만, 그 효과는 질소(窒素)와 인산(燐酸)의 상호작용(相互作用)으로 일정하지 않게 됨을 나타낸다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1998

The effects of different fertilizer management on herbage production and botanical composition were determined. Field experiments were conducted during 1991 - 1993 on sandy loam soil at Allgiu south western Germany under variabling fertilizer management; cattle slurry, NPK, PK chemical fertilizer management and zero fertilization. The dry matter yield of forage was the highest in the plot of mineral fertilizer and lowest in the plot of without fertilization. The dry matter yield of P-K application was higher by 1.2 ton than that of without fertilization. The content of crude protein, crude fibre, digestible dry matter yield, net energy and nitrogen content of plants was not significantly different among different fertilizer management. N uptake of plants was in the order NPK chemical fertilizer (347kg N/ha) > cattle slurry (337kg N/ha) > P-K chemical fertilizer (325kg N/ha) > without fertilization (3 15kg N/ha).

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2022

Objective: We investigated the effect of supplementing fertilization medium and/or culture medium with astaxanthin (AST) on the two phases of in vitro fertilization: gamete fertilization and embryo development. Methods: Mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes were divided into four groups with 5 µM AST added to the fertilization medium (group 3, n=300), culture medium (group 2, n=300), or both media (group 4, n=290). No AST was added to the control group (group 1, n=300). Results: The fertilization rate was significantly higher (p<0.001) in the groups using AST supplemented fertilization medium (group 3, 79.0%; group 4, 81.4%) than those without AST (group 1, 56.3%; group 2, 52.3%). The blastocyst rate calculated from the two-cell stage was significantly lower (p<0.001) in the groups using AST-supplemented embryo culture medium (group 2, 58.0%; group 4, 62.3%) than in those without AST (group 1, 82.8%; group 3, 79.8%). The blastocyst rate calculated from the number of inseminated oocytes was highest in group 3 (189/300, 63.0%) and lowest in group 2 (91/300, 30.3%) with statistical significance compared to other groups (p<0.001). There were significantly higher numbers of cells in the inner cell mass and trophectoderm, as well as significantly higher total blastocyst cell counts, in group 3 than in the control group. Conclusion: An increased blastocyst formation rate and high-quality blastocysts were found only in the fertilization medium that had been supplemented with AST. In contrast, AST supplementation of the embryo culture medium was found to impair embryo development.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2020

Repetitive changes in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca²⁺]i) triggers egg activation, including cortical granule exocytosis, resumption of second meiosis, block to polyspermy, and initiating embryonic development. [Ca²⁺]i oscillations that continue for several hours, are required for the early events of egg activation and possibly connected to further development to the blastocyst stage. The sources of Ca²⁺ ion elevation during [Ca²⁺]i oscillations are Ca²⁺ release from endoplasmic reticulum through inositol 1,4,5 tri-phosphate receptor and Ca²⁺ ion influx through Ca²⁺ channel on the plasma membrane. Ca²⁺ channels have been characterized into voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels (VDCCs), ligand-gated Ca²⁺ channel, and leak-channel. VDCCs expressed on muscle cell or neuron is specified into L, T, N, P, Q, and R type VDCs by their activation threshold or their sensitivity to peptide toxins isolated from cone snails and spiders. The present study was aimed to investigate the localization pattern of N and P/Q type voltage-dependent calcium channels in mouse eggs and the role in fertilization. [Ca²⁺]i oscillation was observed in a Ca²⁺ contained medium with sperm factor or adenophostin A injection but disappeared in Ca²⁺ free medium. Ca²⁺ influx was decreased by Lat A. N-VDCC specific inhibitor, ω-Conotoxin CVIIA induced abnormal [Ca²⁺]i oscillation profiles in SrCl₂ treatment. N or P/Q type VDC were distributed on the plasma membrane in cortical cluster form, not in the cytoplasm. Ca²⁺ influx is essential for [Ca²⁺]i oscillation during mammalian fertilization. This Ca²⁺ influx might be controlled through the N or P/Q type VDCCs. Abnormal VDCCs expression of eggs could be tested in fertilization failure or low fertilization eggs in subfertility women.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2000

경북 북부지역에서 큰삽주의 1년생 종근의 3요소 적정 시용량을 구명하고자 1997∼1998년간 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 3요소 시용량에 따른 지상부의 생육은 N과 K는 수준이 증가할수록 감소하였고 P는 증가하였다. 2. N-P-K=8-9-3kg/10a 시용시 지상부 건물중이 가장 많았고, 지하부는 N-P-K=8-6-3 kg/10a 시용시 10a당 수량이 가장 높았다. 3. 3요소 적정 시용량을 추정한 결과 N은 6, P는 4, K는 6kg/10a로 판단되었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate dry matter productivity and nitrate nitrogen content in the growth stages of barnyard millet (Echinochloa esculenta) cultivated for feed, which was treated with different nitrogen fertilization levels. An early variety of barnyard millet (cv. Shirohie) was used for the test, and the different treatments with nitrogen fertilizer were as follows: 50% (N-40 kg/ha, T1), 100% (N-80 kg/ha, reference amount, T2), 150% (N-120 kg/ha, T3), 200% (N- 160 kg/ha, T4), 250% (N-200 kg/ha, T5), and 300% (N-240 kg/ha, T6). Sowing was done on May 13, 2021 and plants were harvested for four stage; vegetative stage, elongation stage, heading stage, and milk stage. The length of the millet increased significantly as the amount of nitrogen fertilization increased during the harvest period (p<0.05), but the difference was insignificant during the milk stage (p>0.05). Moreover, barnyard millet dry matter yield increased significantly as the levels of nitrogen fertilization increased (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in dry matter yield among nitrogen fertilization levels during the heading stage (p>0.05). Chlorophyll also was significantly higher in T5 (250%) at all harvesting times, whereas nitrate nitrogen content was highest at the vegetative stage, gradually decreased as growth progressed, and lowest at the milk stage. Finally, as the nitrogen fertilization levels increased, the nitrate nitrogen content was significantly higher in all treatment groups (p<0.05). Therefore, our results suggest that the most appropriate nitrogen fertilizer levels is between 150%-200%, considering the dry matter yield, feed ingredients and nitrate nitrogen content in barnyard millet for feed.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권1호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2010

비료주기는 묘목의 생산성과 품질을 향상시키는 방법으로 이용되어 왔다. 이 연구의 목적은 경제림 육성 수종인 물푸레나무, 들메나무, 잣나무, 전나무를 대상으로 포지에서 질소, 인, 칼륨 비료주기가 묘목의 생장과 양분변화에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 측정하는 것이다. 비료주기에 대한 생장반응과 양분 동태를 각각 품질지수(Dickson's quality index, QI)와 양분벡터분석(Vector diagnosis)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 물푸레나무와 들메나무는 질소 비료 처리구에서 가장 높은 수고와 근원경 생장을 보였으며, 잣나무의 경우 질소 비료 처리구에서 수고 생장이 약간 감소했고, 전나무는 비료주기 효과가 없었다. 물푸레나무의 QI는 질소 비료 처리구에서 가장 높았고 칼륨 비료 처리구에서 가장 낮았다. 들메나무의 QI도 질소 비료 처리구에서 가장 높았고 대조구에서 가장 낮았다. 잣나무와 전나무의 QI는 비료주기 처리 간에 유의한 차이는 없었지만 인 비료 처리구에서 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 질소 비료주기는 대조구에 비하여 물푸레나무, 들메나무, 잣나무, 전나무의 건중량을 각각 43, 41, 26, -9% 증가시켰고, 인 비료주기는 -2, 4, -11, -10% 증가시켰으며, 칼륨 비료주기는 -25, 23, 18, -11% 증가시켰다. 비료주기에 대한 양분벡터반응은 수종과 양분종류에 따라 상이한 경향이 나타났다. 예를 들면 물푸레나무의 경우 질소 비료주기에 대해 양분 N은 농도 변화 없이 양분함량이 증가하는 "양분최적" 상태를 보이고, 양분 P는 농도와 양분함량이 모두 감소하고, 양분 K는 농도 변화 없이 양분함량만 감소했다. 잣나무의 경우 질소 비료주기에 대해 양분 N, P, K 농도는 감소하고 양분함량은 증가하는 "양분희석" 현상이 나타났으며, 인 비료주기는 양분 N, P, K 농도 변화 없이 양분 함량이 감소하는 "과량집적" 현상이 나타났다. 묘목 생산 단계에서 우량한 것으로 판정된 묘목이 산지에서도 높은 적응성을 보이는지에 대한 연구가 향후 필요하지만, 물푸레나무와 들메나무의 경우 질소 비료주기 처리에서 높은 산지 적응성을 보일 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.169-174
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• 1995

알팔파 혼파초지에 대한 질소비료의 시비수준이 목초의 건물 및 양분수량과 질소비료의 이용효솔에 미치는 영향을 구명코자 시비수준을 0, 70, 140, 210 및 280kg/ha의 4처리를 난괴법 3반복으로 포장배치하여 1990년 9월부터 1993년 2월까지 축산시험장에서 시험하였다. 2년 평균 건물수량은 질소 시비수준에 따라 증가하였으나(P<0.01) N 210kg/ha 시용품의 건물수량은 10,233kg/ha로서 N 280kg/ha 시용품의 10,845kg/ha과 유의차가 없었다. 조단백질및 에너지 생산량은 질소시비수준에 따라 현저히 증가하였으며 N 140kg과 210kg/harks에서 증가폭이 더욱 컸다. 그러나 목초의 무기물 함량은 질소시비수준에 따라 인은 감소하고 마그네슘은 증가하며, K/CA+Mg당량비는 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 그 외는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 질소의 이용효솔은 N 210kg/ha 시용품에서 N 1kg당 건물 21.6kg, 정미에너지(NEL) 129.3MJ, 전분당량12.3kStE 및 가소화양분총량(TDN)14.5kg로서 처리구중 가장 높았다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2000년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.623-628
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• 2000

This study were conducted to evaluate the mass balance of phosphorus and nitrogen with cropping in experimental pot where the mass of input concentration, and fertilization were variable. Four treatments include CSWNF, TWCF, SWNF. And these cases were compared to the control case of tap water irrigation with conventional fertilization (CONTROL). Fertilization were following conventional fertilization , N : P : K = 11kg : 7kg : 8kg. Input water loading was CSWNF (N:48.7g ,P:3.6g), TWCF(7.8g, 0.6g), SWHF(38.8g ,2.9g), TWNF(38.8g, 2.9g ) and CONTROL(0g ,0g) The result is nitrogen decrease rate; TWCF(19.2%), SWHF(14.9%), CSWNF(9.2%) and SWCF(5.6%). phosphorous decrease rate ; TWCF (10%), SWHF(3.7%), SWCF(0.9%) and CSWNF(0.3%).