• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1121-1126
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• 2009

This paper describes a pattern recognition method of Magnoliae flos based on a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis of the essential oil components. The botanical drug is mainly comprised of the four magnolia species (M. denudata, M. biondii, M. kobus, and M. liliflora) in Korea, although some other species are also being dealt with the drug. The GC/MS separation of the volatile components, which was extracted by the simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE), was performed on a carbowax column (supelcowax 10; 30 m{\time}0.25 mm{\time}0.25{\mu}m$) using temperature programming. Variance in the retention times for all peaks of interests was within RSD 2% for repeated analyses (n = 9). Of the 74 essential oil components identified from the magnolia species, approximately 10 major components, which is $\alpha$-pinene, $\beta$-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, d-limonene, eucarlyptol (1,8-cineol), $\gamma$-terpinene, p-cymene, linalool, $\alpha$-terpineol, were commonly present in the four species. For statistical analysis, the original dataset was reduced to the 13 variables by Fisher criterion and factor analysis (FA). The essential oil patterns were processed by means of the multivariate statistical analysis including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA). All samples were divided into four groups with three principal components by PCA and according to the plant origins by HCA. Thirty-three samples (23 training sets and 10 test samples to be assessed) were correctly classified into the four groups predicted by PCA. This method would provide a practical strategy for assessing the authenticity or quality of the well-known herbal drug, Magnoliae flos.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.667-674
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• 2003

The paper examines the effect of physical exercise on blood lipid with young male students. Our analysis is based on the body measurement, food intake and blood lipid component for 70 male students of Kongju National University who either major in physical exercise (group A) or do not major in physical exercise (group B). The average weight of group A is 71.97 $\pm$ 10.79 kg while that of group B is 67.57 $\pm$ 8.66 kg. The former is significantly higher (p<0.05) than the latter. The SBP of group A (128.20 $\pm$ 11.40 mmHg) is significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of group B (136.27 $\pm$ 13.18 mmHg). In terms of the intake of total kcal, group A marks significantly higher than group B; group A goes with 2190.26 $\pm$ 581.96 kcal and group B goes with 2392.94 $\pm$ 769.03 kcal. The comparative analysis of the three nutrient intake shows that the intake proportions for group A are carbohydrate 55.08 $\pm$ 6.03%, protein 15.58 $\pm$ 2.75%, and lipid 29.34 $\pm$ 5.16% while the intake proportions for group B are carbohydrate 57.29 $\pm$ 8.09%, protein 15.62 $\pm$ 3.26%, and lipid 27.10 $\pm$ 6.90%. For group A, the vitamin B$_1$ intake amounts to 1.50 $\pm$ 0.5 mg which fulfills 100% of RDA, and the niacin intake amounts to 16.57 $\pm$ 5.54 mg N.E which is less than RDA. In contrast, both intakes for group B are more than the RDA. In the case with minerals except calcium, both group A and B mark more intake than RDA. Group A's calcium intake is 517.12 $\pm$ 200.63 mg and group B's is 409.56 mg. The total cholesterol intake for group A is 447.00 $\pm$ 245.08 mg which is significantly (p<0.05) higher than for group B with 352.35 $\pm$ 200.25 mg. The total cholesterol in the lipid of serum is 151.30 $\pm$ 12.92 mg/dl for group A and 182.30 mg/dl for group B, where the dominance of group B over group A is true at the level of significance 0.01. In the case with triglyceride, group A is 107.57 $\pm$ 31.60 mg/dl and group B is 108.07 $\pm$ 33.93 mg/dl so that the group difference is non-significant. The HDL-cholesterol for group A is 54.67 $\pm$ 6.49 mg/dl which is significantly higher (p<0.001) than for group B with 36.13 $\pm$ 4.64 mg/dl. We conclude that regular exercise may have an effect on blood lipid metabolism among young males.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.33-39
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• 2012

With the increase of steel production research interest on the recycling of slag as a by-product also increases steadily. Currently in Korea a lot of researches on blast-furnace slag have been made. However, the researches on the steel slag have been rarely made. Also, a research of steel slag, especially the use of oxidation furnace slag as aggregates for concrete progress, is performing actively, but the research results on the furnace slag are almost nothing. Recently, the research about the furnace slag as backfill material and embankment material confirmed the possibility of the clay soil amendment. Therefore, the object of this study is to review the possibility as civil engineering materials for soil improvement and to find the optimum mixture ratio of furnace slag. This research analyzed the ingredient component of the reduced slag by SEM, XRF, XRD tests and examined the strength increase using unconfined compression tests when the clay and reduced slag are mixed each other. Through this test, the definite strength increase is confirmed according to the mixture of the reduced slag and the possibility of soil improvement is also confirmed based on this result. The object of the study is both utilizing the by-product for civil engineering purpose and effective recycling by the application of the furnace slag for soil improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1475-1483
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• 2006

This study was carried out to examine the optimum processing conditions of seasoned semi-dried oyster, and to investigate its food component characteristics. Three types of semi-dried oyster were prepared: semi-dried oyster prepared without seasoning and coating (C), seasoned semi-dried oyster without coating (S) and seasoned semi-dried oyster coated with alginate (SA). SA was high in moisture (48.6%), while low in lipid (2.8%), and crude protein (25.9%) compared to those of C and S. Hardness and sensory scores of SA were $209.8g/cm^2$ and $3.9\sim4.5$ points, respectively. Total amino acid content (24,299 mg/100 g) of SA was lower than that (27,181 mg/100 g) of C, and the major amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine and Lysine. The major fatty acids of SA were 16:0 (25.5%) as saturates and EPA (23.5%) and DHA (9.3%) as polyenes. Calcium and phosphorus contents of SA were 42.6 mg/100 g and 245.5 mg/100 g, respectively.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.209-215
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• 2003

In this paper. We tested and fabricated the error amplifier for the 15 Watt linear power amplifier for the IMT-2000 baseband station. The error amplifier was comprised of subtractor for detecting intermodulation distortion, variable attenuator for control amplitude, variable phase shifter for control phase, low power amplifier and high power amplifier. This component was designed on the RO4350 substrate and integrated the aluminum case with active biasing circuit. For suppression of spurious, the through capacitance was used. The characteristics of error amplifier measured up to 45 dB gain, $\pm$0.66 dB gain flatness and -15 dB input return loss. Results of application to the 15 Watt feedforward Linear Power Amplifier, the error amplifier improved with 27 dB cancellation from 34 dBc to 61 dBc IM$_3$.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.914-918
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• 1992

The preferential transport phenomena of neutral cation-anion moieties in neutral macrocycle-facilitated emulsion liquid membrane were described in this study. Emulsion membrane systems consisting of (1) aqueous source phase containing 0.001M $M(NO_3)_2$ (M = $Mn^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Sr^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$, $Pb^{2+}$) (2) a toluene membrane containing 0.02M ligand (DB$N_3O_2$, DB18C6) and the surfactant span 80 (sorbitan mono oleate) (3% v/v) and (3) aqueous receiving phase containing $Na_2S_2O_3$ or $NaNO_3$ were studied with respect to the disappearence of metal ions from the source phase as a function of time. Cation transport rates for various two component equimolar mixture of metal ions were determinded. $Cd^{2+}$ was transported higher rates than the other $M^{2+}$ in the mixture solution.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.231-236
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• 2015

A 17-year-old girl presented with complaints of headache and decreasing vision of one month's duration, without any history of fever, weight loss, or any evidence of an immuno-compromised state. Her neurological examination was normal, except for papilledema. Laboratory investigations were within normal limits, except for a slightly increased Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). Non-contrast computerized tomography of her head revealed complex mass in left frontal lobe with a concentric, slightly hyperdense, thickened wall, and moderate perilesional edema with mass effect. Differential diagnoses considered in this case were pilocytic astrocytoma, metastasis and abscess. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained in 3.0 Tesla (3.0T) scanner revealed a lobulated outline cystic mass in the left frontal lobe with two concentric layers of T2 hypointense wall, with T2 hyperintensity between the concentric ring. Moderate perilesional edema and mass effect were seen. Post gadolinium study showed a markedly enhancing irregular wall with some enhancing nodular solid component. No restricted diffusion was seen in this mass in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) showed increased lactate and lipid peaks in the central part of this mass, although some areas at the wall and perilesional T2 hyperintensity showed an increased choline peak without significant decrease in N-acetylaspartate (NAA) level. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) enhanced perfusion study showed decrease in relative cerebral blood volume at this region. These features in MRI were suggestive of brain abscess. The patient underwent craniotomy with excision of a grayish nodular lesion. Abundant acid fast bacilli (AFB) in acid fast staining, and epithelioid cell granulomas, caseation necrosis and Langhans giant cells in histopathology, were conclusive of tubercular abscess. Tubercular brain abscess is a rare manifestation that simulates malignancy and cause diagnostic dilemma. MRI along with MRS and magnetic resonance perfusion studies, are powerful tools to differentiate lesions in such equivocal cases.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.363-368
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• 2008

Nitrogen oxides (NO, $NO_2$ and $N_2O$) have been controlled effectively by the SCR catalysts coated on monolith or honeycomb in commercial sites with ammonia as reductant at high temperature range $300{\sim}400^{\circ}C$. However, the catalytic filter has much merit on the point of controlling the particles and nitrogen oxides simultaneously. It will be more advanced-system if the catalytic working temperature is reduced to the normal filtration temperature of under $200^{\circ}C$. This study has focus on the development of the catalytic filter working at the low temperature. So the additive effect of the components such as Pt and Mn (which are known the catalytic component of $V_2O_5/TiO_2$ was investigated. The $V_2O_5-WO_3$ catalytic filter exhibited high activity and selectivity at $250{\sim}320^{\circ}C$ showing more than 95% NO conversion for the treatment of 600 ppm NO at face velocity 2 cm/s. The Pt-$V_2O_5-WO_3$ catalytic filter shifted the optimum working temperature towards the lower temperature ($170{\sim}200^{\circ}C$). And NO conversion was 100% and higher than that of $V_2O_5-WO_3$ catalyst at $250{\sim}320^{\circ}C$. The $MnO_X-V_2O_5-WO_3$ catalytic filter showed the wide temperature range of $220{\sim}330^{\circ}C$ for more than 95% NO conversion. This is a remarkable advantage when considered the $MnO_X$ catalytic filter presents the maximum activity at $150{\sim}250^{\circ}C$ and $V_2O_5-WO_3$ catalytic filter shows the maximum activity at $250{\sim}320^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.573-580
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• 2011

Litter production, nutrient concentration of each component of litterfall and amount of nutrients input to forest floor via litterfall were investigated for four years from May 2005 through April 2009 in Quercus variabilis forest at Mt. Worak National Park. Amount of litterfall in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 were 5.181, 5.372, 5.314, 5.361 ton $ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, respectively. Average amount of litterfall for four years was 5.307${\pm}$0.09 ton $ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$. Average percentage of leaf litter, branch and bark, reproductive organ and the miscellaneous for four years were 67.5${\pm}$1.9, 13.3${\pm}$0.8, 10.1${\pm}$0.5 and 9.1${\pm}$1.2%, respectively. Average amount of N, P, K, Ca and Mg returned to forest floor via litterfall for four years in this Q. variabilis forest were 44.47${\pm}$6.70, 2.50${\pm}$0.25, 12.26${\pm}$0.30, 17.23${\pm}$2.32 and 9.56${\pm}$0.54 kg $ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 1998

When the contents of the constituents such as total amino acids, free amino acids, volatile organosulfuric compounds and steroidal saponins among three origins in the aerial-and underground parts of Allium victorialis, it was suggested that the characteristic components regarding to quality evaluation could be differed according to the purpose of utilization. For the utilization of amino acids, underground parts of this plant was shown to be better than aerial part. In addition, Ulung island origin was found to contain the highest amino acids content among the three origins though the difference was small. The amino acids showing remarkably high contents were appeared to be arginine, glutamine and asparagine. In the volatile organosulfuric compounds, the origina of Mt. Odae and Mt. Chiri positioned in inland showed higher contents than Ulung island origin geographically positioned in the ocean. Inland origins were shown to contain higher organosulfurie component contents in aerial parts than in underground parts while those of Ulung island origin were higher in underground parts than aerial parts. Underground parts, regarding to saponin constituents, showed higher contents than aerial parts. Underground parts of Ulung island origin were shown to contain more saponins than those of other two origins and the sequence of the contents was in the order of Ulung island>Mt. Chiri>Mt Odac.