• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.846-851
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• 2003

배경: 좌상엽에 발생한 비소세포형 폐암에서 aortic node전이 양상에 따른 생존율을 분석하여 임상적 의의를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1991년 1월부터 2000년 12월까지 좌상엽에 발생한 비소세포형 폐암으로 페엽절제술 이상의 수술을 받은 환자 중 수술 전 항암 화학요법 또는 방사선 치료를 받은 환자와 수술 사망 환자를 제외한 156명을 대상으로 후향적 연구를 하였다. 결과: 종격동임파절 전이 중 aortic node로의 전이는 52.7%였으며, 단일 부위(single station) 전이 중 aortic node로만 전이된 경우는 64.3%였다. N 병기에 따른 5년 생존율은 N0 65.0%, Nl 30.4%, N2 17.9%였으며, Nl 병기와 N2 병기 간에는 생존율의 차이를 관찰할 수 없었다(p=0.06). N2 병기 중 aortic node에만 전이된 경우 5년 생존율 35.6%로 다른 종격동임파절에 전이된 경우(5년 생존율 4.6%)보다 생존율이 높았으며 (p=0.01), Nl 병기와 비교 시 비슷한 생존율을 보였다(p=0.97). Aortic node를 Nl 임파절로 재분류하였을 때 N 병기별 5년 생존율은 N0 65.0%, Nl 11.2%, N2 4.6%로 Nl 병기와 N2 병기 간에 뚜렷한 생존율의 차이를 관찰할 수 있었다(p=0.00). 다변량 분석 시 aortic node에만 전이된 경우(hazard ratio 2.799, p=0.009), 남자(hazard ratio 6.892, p=0.011)가 술 후 생존에 영향을 미치는 의미있는 인자였다. 결론: 좌상엽 종양에서 aortic node에만 전이된 경우 외과적 절제 시 Nl 병기와 비슷한 생존율을 가지며, 따라서 치료 방침의 결정 시 이를 Nl 임파절로 간주하는 것이 타당하다고 생각한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1537-1543
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• 2004

본 연구는 아마인유와 채종유내에 들어있는 n-3 지방산의 돈육내 축적효과를 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 3원 교잡종 수퇘지(체중 50 kg) 12마리를 이용하여서 4가지 실험사료중 한가지를 급여하였으며 실험사료는 우지, 아마인유, 채종유 또는 아마인유와 채종유의 혼합유를 함유하였다. 110 kg 시판 체중 도달시에 희생하였다. 아마인유와 채종유속에 들어있는 n-3 지방산은 돼지의 일당증체량, 사료섭취량 및 사료 효율에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다. 혈액 포화지방산 함량은 우지 첨가구가 가장 높았고 아마인유 첨가구, 채종유 첨가구 또는 혼합유 첨가구는 우지 첨가구보다 11.84%~16.54% 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 혈액 n-3 지방산 함량은 우지 첨가구에서는 거의 검출되지 않았으나 아마인유 첨가구, 채종유 첨가구 또는 혼합유 첨가구는 우지 첨가구보다 4.68%~12.83% 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). n-3 고도불포화지방산을 함유하는 3가지 지질 급원 모두는 우지 첨가구에 비교하여 돼지고기 삼겹살 내 $\alpha$-linolenic acid(18:3n-3) 함량을 9.43%까지 유의적으로 높였다(p<0.05). 아마인유 또는 채종유 급여는 삼겹살내 n-3:n-6 비율을 0.68로 높였으며 고도불포화지방산 :포화지방산 비율은 0.70으로 증가시켰다. 결론적으로 아마인유와 채종유 급여에 의해 n-3지방산이 강화된 새로운 기능성 돈육을 생산할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2004

Hourly monitoring data from Saemangeum estuary, which is expected to become freshwater, was analyzed to evaluate the water quality characteristics. Higher algal growth at spring season than winter influenced the high ratio of organic nitrogen to total nitrogen and concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD). About 87.9％ and 59.7％ of organic nitrogen was observed at winter season and spring season, respectively. Daily salinity analysis at the mouth of two main rivers demonstrated that the Dongjin in river was more influenced by tidal effect and showed higher variation than the Mankyung river. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P ratio) was different with site (estuary versus sea area) and season (winter versus spring) remarkably. The N/P ratio was highest (32.74 ∼ 43.93) at estuary in winter and was lowest (1.78 ∼ 3.06) at sea in spring. The high N/P ratio at estuary area implies that phosphorus can be the limiting nutrient factor for algal growth as in general freshwater river, therefore, water quality management practice considering river characteristics rather might be needed in the Saemangeum estuary. The Saemangeum project is nationally recognized for its environmental issues, and especially water quality concern is a critical factor to make policy decision and further assessment with continued monitoring is strongly recommended.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.391-396
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• 1997

Two series of carbon sources, linear primary $C_1$~$C_9$ alcohols and linear $C_2$~$C_{10}$ monocarboxylic acids were tested for PHA synthesis in Paracoccus denitrificans. The results showed that the growth-associated synthesis of PHA could be referred only to the carbon sources with odd number of carbon except methanol. For all carbon sources with even number of carbon, nitrogen limitation was required to induce PHA synthesis in P. denitrificans. Poly(3-hydroxyvalerate)[P(3HV)] homopolymer was synthesized from $C_5$, $C_7$, and $C_9$ while growing in the presence of nitrogen, but the nitrogen depletion in the later growth period incorporated 3-hydroxybutyrate(3HB) unit into the polymer chain. The optimum C/N ratio for P(3HV) homopolymer production was found to be 10 when the strain was grown on 10 ml/l of valeric acid for 96 h. P. denitrificans synthesized P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymers from n-hexanoic and n-octanoic acid. The microstructural characterics of the P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer from n-propanol was investigated using $^13C$-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, showing a structural heterogeneity.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.120-130
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• 1996

본 실험은 NFT재배에서 배양액내 NO$_3$-N과 NH$_4$-N의 비율과 $CO_2$ 시용이 결구상추의 생육, 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였는데, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 배양액의 pH와 EC를 보정하지 않았을 경우, NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 100:0인 구에서의 pH는 점차적으로 증가하였고, NH$_4$-N의 비율이 높을수록 급격히 저하하여 pH4.0까지 낮아졌다. 2. 배양액을 보정하지 않은 상태에서 NO$_3$-N 및 NH$_4$-N의 일 변화를 측정하여 본 결과, NO$_3$-N의 흡수율은 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 75:25, 50:50 처리구에서 각각 27.7%, 26.1% 였으나 NH$_4$-N의 흡수율은 87.9%, 71.2%로 결구상추는 NH$_4$-N을 우선적으로 흡수하였다. 3. 엽내 무기성분 함량에서 T-N는 NO$_3$-N과 NH$_4$-N 비율에 따른 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, P$_2$O$_{5}$, $K_2$O, CaO, MgO는 생육이 가장 좋았던 $CO_2$ 1500ppm 시용과 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 100:0에서 높게 나타났다. 4. $CO_2$ 시용에 의한 각 처리별 $CO_2$ 동화율도 수량과 같은 경향을 나타내어 $CO_2$ 1500ppm 시용과 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 100:0 처리에서 가장 높았고, 배양액의 NH$_4$-N비율이 높아질수록 현저히 떨어졌다. 5. 결구상추의 생육은 $CO_2$ 1500ppm 시용과 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 100:0 처리에서 가장 좋았고, $CO_2$ 무처리구에 비하여 $CO_2$ 1500ppm 처리구에서 대체로 양호하였으나, NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 75:25, 50:50인 처리에서는 $CO_2$ 시용에 의한 수량의 증가가 경미하여 처리간 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 6. 엽중 nitrate함량은 배양액의 NO$_3$-N함량과 비례하여 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N 이 100:0에서 가장 높았고, vitamin C 함량은 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 100:0인 처리에서 가장 낮고, NH$_4$-N의 비율이 많을수록 높아졌다. $CO_2$ 시용에 의하여 엽중 질산염함량은 경감할 수는 있었으나 그 효과는 경미하였다.다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.338.2-338.2
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• 2016

Al doped ZnO (AZO) thin films were deposited on Si substrates with rod-shaped-surface by pulsed laser deposition method (PLD). Si-rods were prepared through chemical etching. To analyze the influence on the formation of the rod structure, samples with various chemical etching conditions such as AgNO3/HF ratio, etching time, and solution temperature were prepared. The morphology of Si-rod structures were examined by FE-SEM. Fig. 1 shows a typical structure of n-AZO/p-Si-rod juncions. The fabricated n-AZO/p-Si-rod devices exhibited p-n diode current-voltage characteristics. We compared the I-V characteristics of n-AZO/p-Si-rod devices with the samples without Si-rod structure.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the lymph node ratio (LNR), which was defined as the proportion of involved nodes of all dissected nodes, in pN1 breast cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with pN1 breast cancer (n = 144) treated at Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea between 2001 and 2010. The median age was 46 years (range, 27 to 66 years). The LNR was 0.01-0.15 (low LNR) in 130 patients and >0.15 (high LNR) in 14 patients. Sixty-five patients (45.1%) had T1 tumors, 74 (51.4%) had T2 tumors, and 5 (3.5%) had T3 tumors. Eighty-eight patients (61.1%) underwent total mastectomy and 56 (38.9%) underwent partial mastectomy. Fifty-nine patients (41.0%) underwent radiotherapy and 12 (8.3%) underwent regional radiotherapy. The median follow-up period was 65 months. Results: The 5- and 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 92.7% and 82.4%, respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that high LNR (p = 0.004), total mastectomy (p = 0.006), no local radiotherapy (p = 0.036), and stage T2 or T3 (p = 0.010) were associated with worse DFS. In multivariable analysis, only high LNR (p = 0.015) was associated with worse DFS. Conclusion: High LNR is an independent prognostic factor in pN1 breast cancer and could be an indication for adjuvant radiotherapy in these patients.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2011

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants derived from incomplete combustion of carbons and crude oil. In this study, we investigated the effects of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a representative PAHs on in vitro sex steroid hormone production and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) using isolated oocytes of longchin goby (Chasmichthys dolichognathus) and chameleon goby (Tridentiger trigonocephalus). Oocytes in diameters of 0.8-0.9 (end vitellogenic stage) and 0.9-1.0 mm (germinal vesicle migratory stage) from longchin goby and 0.5 mm (fully vitellogenic stage) from chameleon goby were used. In GVBD assay, B[a]P at 10 nM stimulated GVBD in the oocytes of 0.8-0.9 mm from longchin goby. B[a]P at 1 nM stimulated GVBD in the oocytes with diameter 0.5 mm from chameleon goby. In steroid production from oocytes of longchin goby, B[a]P at 100 nM decreased testosterone (T) production, B[a]P at 1,000 nM increased estraiol-17 (J (E2) production and 10 and 100 nM increased $17,20{\beta}$-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one ($17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$) production in the oocytes with diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. B[a]P at 1,000 nM increased E2 production, 100 and 1,000 nM increased $17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$ production in the oocytes with diameter 0.9-1.0 mm. In steroid production of oocytes from chameleon goby, B[a]P at 1,000 nM increased $E_2$ production. B[a]P at 10 nM increased $17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$ production. In the ratio of $E_2$ to T ($E_2$/T), B[a]P at 100 and 1,000 nM increased $E_2$/T in the oocytes of longchin goby. B[a]P at 100 nM also increased $E_2$/T in the oocytes of chameleon goby. Taken together, these results suggest that B[a]P have not only weak estrogenic effects but progestogenic effects on oocyte maturation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.505-515
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of stream nutrient regime, N:P ratios and suspended solids on fish tolerance/trophic compositions and stream ecosystem health, based on multi-metric model, during 2008-2013. Also, stream ecosystem health was evaluated in relation to chlorophyll-a (CHL) as a measure of algal productivity or indicators of trophic state to water chemical parameters. Total number of sampled fish species were 50 and showed a decreasing trend from 2008 to 2013. The minnow of Zacco platypus, based on the catch per unit effort (CPUE), was the most dominant species (25.9%) among the all species. Spatial heterogeneity was evident in the fish tolerance guilds that showed the dominance of sensitive species (89%) in the headwaters (S1) and the dominance of tolerant species (57%) in the urban. These conditions were directly influenced by concentrations of nutrients and organic matter (COD). The N:P ratios, as a barometer of water pollution, had a negative linear function (R² = 0.40, P < 0.01) with CHL, and the ratios had an important role in changes of COD concentration (R² = 0.40, P < 0.01). Under the circumstances, the N:P ratio directly influenced the relative proportions of fish trophic/tolerance compositions. According to the regression analysis of omnivore (O_m) and insectivore sp. (I_n) on total nitrogen and total phosphorus, nitrogen had no significant influences (P > 0.05) to the two compositions, but phosphorus influenced directly the two guilds [slope (a) = -32.3, R² = 0.25, P < 0.01 in the I_n; a = 40.7, R² = 0.19, P < 0.01 in the O_m]. Such water chemistry and fish trophic guilds determined the stream ecosystem health, based on the multi-metric fish model.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2017

Pastirma is a dry-cured meat product, produced from whole beef or water buffalo muscles. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of production stages (raw meat, after curing, after $2^{nd}$ drying and pastirma) on the total lipid, neutral lipid, phospholipid and fatty acid composition of phospholipid fraction of pastirma produced from beef M. Longissimus dorsi muscles. The pH and colour ($L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$) analyses were also performed in raw meat and pastirma. It was found that pastirma production stages had significant effects (p<0.01) on the total amounts of lipid, neutral lipid and phospholipid, and the highest amounts of lipid, neutral lipid and phospholipid were detected in pastirma. In pastirma, neutral lipid ratio was determined as $79.33{\pm}2.06%$ and phospholipid ratio as $20.67{\pm}2.06%$. Phospholipids was proportionately lower in pastirma than raw meat. Pastirma production stages affected pentadecanoic acid (15:1) (p<0.01), linoleic acid (18:2n-6) (p<0.05), ${\gamma}-linoleic$ acid (18:3n-6) (p<0.05), erucic acid (22:1n-9) (p<0.05), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6) (p<0.05), total unsaturated fatty acid (${\Sigma}USFA$) (p<0.05) and total saturated fatty acid (${\Sigma}SFA$) (p<0.05) ratios of phospholipid fraction and also the moisture content (p<0.01). Pastirma process also affected pH and colour ($L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$) values (p<0.01), and these values were higher in pastirma than raw meat.