• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-54
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• 1985

The mutual credit of Fisheries Cooperatives is reciprocal financing bring overs and shorts to settlement themselves by filling each other's needs among feeble fishermen economically. The spread of mutual credit through Fisheries Cooperatives reduces private loan dependence and private loan interest rate at fishery village, and that fills up policy financing being restricted by working scale. And seeing movement side of Fisheries Cooperatives, it has done an under board to settle self-supporting foundation of primary fisheries cooperatives early. The mutual credit deposit shows about 53 times increase past an interval of a ten years. This increase rate is an epoch-making record being unparalleled in other banking facilities except Fisheries Cooperatives. Then being unparalleled increase rate, time and savings deposits increase has been contributed a great deal than demand deposits. Thinking important function factors as mutual credit growth, we can classify interior and exterior factors. The exterior factor is income of fishery household in some measure, interior factors are the high deposits interest rate and the enlargement of facilities organization. As these, they have been in a better factors, also have been a restriction factors. The restriction factors are conflict cancellation between mutual credit and them bring into existence a village vault, mutual savings and finance companies, private finance. For the sake of continuance growth rate in mutual credit as past, we should eliminate restricted factors in growth. On the other hand the better factors in growth should be act upon affirmation side continually. Consequently under circumstances not to an amicable settlement bring the fisheries fund demand as policy financing, we should do continuous and sound development of fisheries financing by means of putting in good order of fisheries cooperatives mutual credit. Surveying a problem from these viewpoints, when we study more deep and a full into a subject about growth project of mutual credit, we think to expect continuous growth in mutual credit of Fisheries Cooperatives.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.14-25
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• 2018

Purpose - Taxes cover all aspects of society, especially in terms of resource allocation and economic growth. In reality, the tax revenue is often used to measure the quality of a country's economy. The relationship between tax revenue and economic growth has been paid much attention by academic circles. Due to this background, this paper attempts to investigate the mutual effect between tax revenue and economic growth. Research design, data, and Methodology - The annual datum form 1980 to 2017 are employed to conduct an empirical analysis under the vector error correction model. In this paper, the GDP is treated as an independent variable. The tax revenue is treated as a dependent variable. Furthermore, a menu of statistic approaches will be used to testify the mutual effect between tax revenue and economic growth. Results - Via the co-integration test, the results report that the tax revenue has a positive effect on economic growth in the long run. Through the vector error correction estimation, the results also report that the tax revenue also has a positive effect on economic growth in the short run. Conclusions - This paper provides a view that the tax revenue is a kind of a determinant to promote economic growth. Therefore, the China's government should pay much attention to the improvement of tax revenue system so as to maintain a high-speed economic growth.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.43-53
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• 2014

Purpose - This study suggested a practical model for super supermarkets (SSMs) and small- and medium-sized stores to grow together. Super centers expanded their business. However, after the retail distribution law was revised in 2009, mutual cooperation between large and small enterprises resulted in social issues and people raised the issue of profitability. Research design, data, and methodology - This study investigated cases of regulation over distribution in Japan, France, and other countries to reveal implications and recommendations. Results - This study demonstrated how SSM and middle and small supermarkets could grow together by franchising and using cooperative society law. Franchising was a mutual growth model whereby the franchiser provided franchisees with large enterprise systems and utilities while franchisees could provide the franchiser with local information. They could thus build trust in each other to facilitate a mutual growth model. Further, the voluntary franchise system's model facilitated the mutual growth model. Conclusions - This study demonstrates that the franchise system and cooperative society could constitute an ideal model whereby large enterprises and middle and small stores could rely upon each other and grow together.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2019

Purpose - From the advanced path of development and current situation, the development of enterprises plays a tremendous role in promoting national economic growth and raising the overall national strength. Therefore, this paper aims at examining the mutual effect between small & medium enterprises and economic growth. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to address the operating mutual effect between the small & medium enterprises and economic growth more clearly, this paper sets Alibaba Group and Hangzhou as an example. Meanwhile, the annual data from 2000 to 2017 will be employed, and an empirical analysis will be performed under the vector error correction model. Results - The findings display that the total revenue of Alibaba Group has a positive effect on economic growth in city of Hangzhou. However, the Granger Causality test implies that there is only a unidirectional causality between total revenue of Alibaba Group and economic growth in Hangzhou. More specifically, 1% increase in total revenue of Alibaba Group can result in 0.272% in economic growth of Hangzhou in the long run. Conclusions - In summary, for the long run, the local governments should promulgate a series of policies to assist the small & medium enterprises like Alibaba Group to improve the local economic growth as seen in the city of Hangzhou.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-86
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• 2018

This study focuses on the relationship structure of SMEs with outsourcing based on buyer-supplier relationships and aims to test the role of trust management and mutual growth in the activities of SMEs. Trust management and mutual growth have a context in which the outsourcing type is determined through the company's slack resources, partnership relations, and buyer-supplier relationship. In this context, research hypotheses were set up, research model was designed and an empirical analysis was conducted by using structural equation modeling. For the empirical analysis, hypotheses were tested using data obtained from questionnaires of 206 SMEs nationwide. As a result, trust management and mutual growth have a significant effect on outsourcing type and performance, and mediation effect of cooperation relationship and buyer-supplier relationship was in the process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.678-681
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• 2008

After rapid economy growth, Korean economy and Korean enterprises are aware of the importance on Mutual Cooperation. However, Korean society is not ready to proceed Mutual Cooperation and there are no theoretical model yet. Therefore, this study will suggest the theoretical basis for Mutual Cooperation, though identifying the most commonly used factors of three reliable sources: Mutual Cooperaton Manual(Ministry of Construction and Transportation 2006), selected distinguishing Mutual Cooperation Cases by Ministry of Construction and Transportation and Mutual Cooperaton Manual of other leading fields. through this study, it is expected to find reliable factors to evaluate Mutual Cooperations between General Contractor and Specialty Contractor.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2017

The aim of the study is to assess the asymmetry of influence of factors of economic growth of national economies, which are included in the integration. Unlike previous research, the scientific significance of the obtained results consists in the use of a new method of study - external demand as a factor of economic growth, disaggregated into two components. The first is net exports mutual trade in goods within integration associations. The second is net exports of foreign trade in goods outside the integration. By use of these methods we have evaluated the contribution of these factors on economic growth of the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space (CU/CES), as well as Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus. In the conducted analysis of scientific research was based on the fact that the economies of the member (CU/CES) are very different in scale, economic potential and volume of foreign trade. Based on this research we conclude: integration is developing successfully and efficiently only with the rise of the national economies of the member countries; to enhance economic growth and competitiveness of the countries of the Eurasian integration it is necessary to increase the volume of mutual trade of member countries of this integration.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.9 no.1_2
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• pp.17-21
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• 1966

The mutual relationships of boron, Ca and sucrose were studied in relation to in vitro pollen growth and pollen bursting, by using conventient pollen from Crinum asiaticum for experiment. Crinum pollen are paticularly sensitive to Ca. Addition of very small amount of boron to cultural media was apparently synergistic to the action of sucrose and Ca in pollen germination and tube elongation. This action was extended to a higher level of boron concentraton. Combined application of boron, Ca and sucrose always gave the better results in pollen growth and protection against pollen bursting much more than when used singly. This indicated that there is a direct relationship between better growth of pollen and increased rigidity of pollen cell wall. A higher level of Ca concentration tended to increase bursting rate of pollen grains and decrease that of pollen tubes, while boron always depressed the rate of bursting. This was considered due to increased failure in pollen germination at high level of Ca that favors pollen tube elongation. The fact that Ca show an antagonistic effect on the suppressive action of high level of boron in pollen growth and shows different effect in response to pollen bursting from boron, suggested mode of Ca and boron action in the presence of sucrose is quiate different, although to increase in rigidity of pollen cell wall by them is in common nature. It was postulated therefore that Ca acts on pectins of pollen cell wall largely as "non-metabolic" and boron as "metabolic" promoter is pollen growth and protecting pollen bursting, since boron and Ca have common nature in strengthening the pollen cell wall but act differently.but act differently.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.46
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• pp.237-261
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• 2010

Resent East Asian economic growth has lead the increase of global trade volume and global logistics to the level of full-scale development as aiming to have quantitative growth in world trades in one hand and increasing mutual dependence among the East Asian Economic Bloc on the other. In other words, East Asian economic current growth is going along as connecting with 2 different process that are the increase of global trade volume and the technical development of global logistics system. And mutual dependence among the East Asian Economic Bloc shows the deepening trend in production and consumption. While having the flow of expansion in East Asian trade volume and logistics network in mind, this paper will study on trend in East Asian intra-trade and then study on change & tasks in the East Asian Logistics system.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.127-133
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• 2012

The 'SSaM-GG'(=Smart, Shared, and Mutual- Green Growth) as the five bottom lines for sustainable development is developed and suggested. Because the name of Green Growth alone is not sufficient for clear conceptualization, implementation. and etc. For the global harmonized usage & application, the Eastern-Western conceptual fusion has been performed, and verified for more than 12 years on the worldwide successes and failures.