• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.127-132
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• 2014

The semi-solid metal forming process has been applied to realize a near-net shape fabrication of a high speed tool steel. A complicatedly shaped part out of SKH51 was successfully manufactured by introducing pertinent materials, tooling and processing conditions. A SKH51 billet with globular grains was heated at temperatures between 1300 and $1350^{\circ}C$ using high frequency induction heater to get semi-solid microstructure before high rate injection of mushy metal into a die cavity for the forming process. It was necessary to control the preheating of dies between 300 and $400^{\circ}C$ to maintain the homogeneous microstructure during the semi-solid metal forming process. Significant defects such as pores, high fraction of liquid fraction and segregation could be removed from the part by using air vents.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.129-132
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• 2006

In the present study the new method was proposed by using the real-time X-ray observation and metal die in order to evaluate fluidity and viscosity of the molten metal during pouring into the mold. The special mold for the present experiment was introduced since X-ray could not transmit thick mold wall and scatter the image of the molten metal during pouring. The present study also discussed for evaluation of viscosities by using the flow data from radioscopy images, and the viscosities of six commercial aluminum alloys were evaluated and compared.

• 연구논문집
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• s.29
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• pp.173-183
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• 1999

The vacuum investment casting process for a large gas turbine component, Inner Preswirl Support (IPS), was simulated by using commercial FEM package ProCAST(TM) with view factor radiation method. The solid fraction in mushy zone was directly measured by Differential thermal analysis(DTA-DSC mode). Three types gating design. considering liquid flow and heat release through it. were proposed. Solidification had begun at the ribs or thin sections of the IPS casting and advanced further through the upper and lower gates. The computed temperature gradient G and G/R values at 70% solidified temperature were used for prediction of microshrinkage formation during casting. The effect of mold preheat on the thermal history of the casting displayed minute effect on the microshrinkage formation.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.5-12
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• 1985

Many researchers have studied the eutectic solidification of CV Graphite Cast Iron qualitatively. However quantative studies have not been done. The type of eutectic solidification of CV Graphite Cast Iron treated with CG Alloy (Fe-Si-Mg-5Ti-Ca-Ce) was studied quantitatively through M.D.E. value (Mushy Degree of Eutectic Solidification) = $t_2/t_1)$, where $t_1$ is the difference of the eutectic solidification starting time between surface and center part of the casting sample, and $t_2$ is the time of eutectic solidification of the center part. Following results were obtained. (1) The M.D.E. value of CV graphite cast iron lies between that of spheroidal graphite and that of flake graphite cast iron but is closer to that of Flake graphite cast iron. (2) The M.D.E. value of CV graphite cast iron depends upon CV ratio. (3) The time required for eutectic solidification increases as graphite form is changed from Flake, CV. to spheroidal graphite. (4) The M.D.E. value increases as cooling rate increases.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.37-44
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• 2000

Numerical investigation is made to study the effects of natural convection on the formation of macrosegregation of a Pb-Sn alloy solidification process in a 2-D confined rectangle mold. The governing equations are calculated using previous continuum models with SIMPLE algorithm doring the solidification process. In addition. to track the solid-liquid interface with time variations. the moving boundary condition Is adopted and irregular interface shapes are treated with Boundary-Fitted Coordinate system. As the temperature reduce from the liquidus to the solidus, the liquid concentration of Sn. the lighter constituent, increases. Then the buoyancy-driven flow due to temperature and liquid composition gradients, called thermosolutal convection or double diffusion, occurs in the mushy region and forms the complicated macrosegregation maps. Related to this phnomena, effects on the macrosegregation formation depending on the cooling condition and gravity values are described.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.14-19
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• 1984

In order to clarify the solidification mechanism of Al-Si alloy, Mushy Degree of Eutectic Solidification (MDE) and Centerline Feeding Resistance (CFR) were systematically studied by casting with various compositions of $Al-(6{\sim}18%)$ Si alloys into several kinds of molds having different cooling rates. The results are as follows: 1. CFR% increases slightly as solute concentration increases, but decreases remarkably as the cooling rate of the mold increases, that is, the composition dependence of the alloys has more effect on the change of CFR% than that of the mold cooling rate. 2. The composition dependence of MDE value has the same tendency as that of Degree of Eutectic Solidification (DES). MDE value within the range of hypereutectic composition is larger than that of hypoeutectic and it represents the maximum value at eutectic composition. The higher the cooling rate is, the less the MDE value is.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1337-1345
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• 2001

Numerical investigation is made to study the effects of thermosolutal convection on the formation of macrosegregation in a Pb-Sn alloy solidification process in a two dimensional confined rectangluar mold. The basic equations are sovled using the Contrinum Model theory with the SIMPE algorithm during the solidification process. In addition, to track the liquid-solid interface with time variations, the moving boundary condition was adopted and moving irregular interface shapes were treated with the time-dependent, boundary-fitted coordinate system. As the temperature reduces from the liquidus to the solidus, the liquid concentration of Sn, the lighter constituent, increases. Then the buoyancy-driven flow due to temperature and liquid composition gradients occurs in the mushy region and forms the complicated macrosegregation maps. belated to this phenomena, effects on the macrosegregation formation depending on the cooling condition and gravity values are examined.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.555-557
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• 1998

Occurrence of soft rots was observed on wasabi (Wasabia japonica Matsum) grown in Chuncheon and Pyengchang Kangwon province, Korea. The symptoms appeared on the wasabi root, which became mushy and black. This eventually resulted in wilting and death of the aboveground parts of the wasabi. The causal organism was isolated from the infected lesions and was identified as Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and on the results of the Biolog program (Biolog Inc., U. S. A.). E. carotovora subsp. carotovora is the first described bacterium which causes bacterial soft rot on wasabi in Korea.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 1990

Consumption pattern of Ramyon by high school students at age of 16~20 years in Kangwondo area was surveyed by questionaire. About 74% among 754 students consumed Ramyon more than once per week. Most consumers eat Ramyon because of convenience for meal substitution. They consumed Ramyon at between meals and lunch at home. The advertisement had a strong effect on the selection of Ramyon. Consumers considered that taste of soup and texture of noodle are both important quality factor of Ramyon. In terms of the texture of cooked noodle, the most desirable was chewy and hard texture. The most undesirable was swollen and mushy texture. The most desirable and undesirable taste of soup were spicy and greasy taste, respectively. At present, no significant differences in consumption pattern between sex were observed in most cases.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 1994

In this study, one-dimensional Stefan problem with air-gap resistance in the rectangular mold is considered and the thermal characteristics are examined by using the enthalpy-based simple implicit finite-difference scheme. The enthalpy and temperature are nondimensionalized to obtain general solutions. The temperature distribution and the locations of solidus and liquidus line are obtained and the effects of major parameters on the thermal characteristics are investigated.