• 한국과학예술포럼
• /
• 제20권
• /
• pp.267-277
• /
• 2015

전 세계적으로 고령화시대에 접어들면서 고령자에게도 시대의 변화에 따라 지식과 기술을 습득하는 '평생교육'의 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 전시시설은 전시컨텐츠와 전시물의 공간적 구성에 의해 교육을 제공하는 평생학습 공간으로서의 시대적 역할이 요구됨에 따라 주 이용자층의 범위 역시 청소년, 청·장년층에서 고령자로 확대되어진다는 사실을 예견할 수 있다. 그러므로 고령자에게는 전시시설이 또 다른 학습공간이 될 수 있으며, 이러한 학습이 원활하게 이루어지기 위해서는 고령자의 신체특성을 고려한 물리적 환경지원이 필요하다. 본 연구는 고령자의 신체특성에 따른 전시시설 환경디자인 체크리스트를 개발하여 전시시설에서의 고령자의 원활한 전시관람 및 교육을 지원하는 환경계획의 틀을 마련하고자 한다. 고령자의 신체적 특성을 '감각(시력, 청력, 촉감)' 과 '운동(골격, 이동, 체력, 근력)'으로 구분하고 전시시설을 진입공간, 전시공간, 공공서비스공간, 교육활동공간, 이동공간으로 분류하여 각 공간에서의 환경디자인 체크리스트를 도출하였다. 기존 관련 법령, 매뉴얼, 선행연구를 종합하여 전시시설에서의 고령자 관람자를 위한 환경디자인 체크리스트를 새롭게 구성하였고, 후속연구를 위한 현장실측항목과 설문항목을 도출하였다.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.443-450
• /
• 2019

본 연구에서는 갈퀴나물(Vicia amoena) 전초를 이용한 에탄올 추출물의 세포독성과 항염증 활성 효과를 평가하였다. RAW264.7 cell(대식세포)에서 염증 매개 물질인 lipopolysaccharide(LPS)로 염증을 유발시켜 nitric oxide (NO) 및 prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂)같은 염증 유발 인자들의 생성 저해효과를 확인하였다. 갈퀴나물 에탄올 추출물의 염증 유발 인자 억제 시 저해효과를 측정하였을 때 nitric oxide 및 prostaglandin E₂ 생성을 농도 의존적으로 현저하게 저해하는 농도인 40 ㎍/㎖의 농도에서 LPS에 의해 유도된 NO를 36.0 ± 0.5 % 저해하였으며, 특히 PGE₂에서는 88.0 ± 0.8 % 만큼 유의성 있는 저해효과를 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구결과는 갈퀴나물의 에탄올 추출물이 유의성 있는 항염증 효과를 나타내며, 이러한 효능은 예방의학적 가능성을 충분히 가지고 있기에 염증성 질환의 예방을 위한 항염증 소재로의 개발 가능성을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 차후 에탄올 추출물의 보다 다양한 농도 및 유기용매 분획물에서 염증반응을 매개하는 iNOS·COX-2 등 의 다양한 효소의 발현과 Iκ-Bα의 분해 등 염증반응의 신호전달물질의 변화에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.253-271
• /
• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of EMG activity of the Orbicularis oris and Mentalis muscle between normal occlusion and class III malocclusion group during various lip position and to find out whether any correlations exist between the muscular activity and craniofacial morphology. In this study, 50 subjects with a mean age of 22.9 Years (range 20.0-26.0) were investigated (25 subjects were normal occlusion, and 25 subjects were class III malocclusion). EMG data were recorded from the Orbicularis oris and Mentalis muscle during rest lip posture, lip position at maximum biting, lip position at maximum sealing effort, lip position at chewing, swallowing and phonation with the Medelec MS-25 electromyographic machine. Lateral cephalometric radiographs was taken with the mandible in intercuspal position on all subjects. All data were recorded and statistically processed. The findings of this study can be summerized as follows: 1. In normal occlusion, the maximal mean amplitude of upper lip during the lip position at chewing was lower than that of lower lip and mentalis muscle. But the maximal mean amplitude of orbicularis oris and mentalis muscle during the other lip position was not statistically different. 2. In Class III malocclusion, the maximal mean amplitude of upper lip during the lip position at chewing, swallowing and phonation was lower than that of lower lip and mentalis muscle. But the maximal mean amplitude of orbicularis oris and mentalis muscle during the other lip position was not statistically different. 3. Compare to normal occlusion, the Class III malocclusion was showed low maximal mean amplitude of upper lip during rest lip posture and the lip position at swallowing of saliva, and showed great maximal mean amplitude of lower lip and meantalis muscle during the lip position at chewing and phonation. 4. In normal occlusion, the maximal mean amplitude of upper lip during various lip position was not correlated with the length and thickness of upper lip, but the maximal mean amplitude of lower lip during the lip position at chewing and swallowing was positively correlated with the thickness of lower lip. 5. In Class III malocclusion, the maximal mean amplitude of upper lip during rest lip posture was negatively correlated with the thickness of upper lip, and the maximal mean amplitude of lower lip and mentalis muscle during the lip position at chewing and swallowing was positively correlated with the thickness of lower lip and mentalis muscle. But the maximal mean amplitude of orbicularis oris and mentalis muscle during the other lip position was not correlated with the cephalometric measurements of soft tissue. 6. The correlation between the maximal mean amplitude of orbicularis oris and mentalis muscle and cephalometric measurements of incisors was not nearly present. 7. In normal occlusion, the maximal mean amplitude of lower lip and mentalis muscle during the lip position at maximum biting was negatively correlated with the angle between palatal plane and mandibular plane. In Class III malocclusion, the maximal mean amplitude of upper lip, lower lip and mentalis muscle during function was negatively correlated with the length of maxilla, the maximal mean amplitude of upper lip and lower lip during function was negatively correlated with the SNA and SNPo, and the maximal mean amplitude of lower lip during the lip position at chewing was negatively correlated with the ANB.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.225-234
• /
• 2006

In the present study toxicity and immunostimulating activity of the lectin(KML-C), which was extracted from Korean mistletoe(Viscum album coloratum) were investigated in swine. To determine the toxicity, lectin was injected into thigh or cervical muscles of 4-week-old piglets(Landrace) and observed clinically and pathologically. For determination of the immnunostimulating activity, lectin($0.7{\mu}g/kg$ of body weight)-adjuvanted vaccine of Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV)(NYJ1-87) which was inactivated by 0.2% formalin was injected into the cervical muscle of antibody-negative piglets in the same age group. Subpopulation of the immune cells and serum neutralizing(SN) antibodies in the piglets were examined after vaccination, and resistance of the piglets against challenge by virulent NYJ1-87 was further examined. The results were also compared with those from piglets injected with aluminum hydroxide [$Al(OH)_3$]-adjuvanted vaccine of inactivated NYJ1-87 and NYJ1-87 vaccine without adjuvant, and the results are as follows. By injection of lectin with $30{\mu}g/kg$ of body weight to the thigh muscle, all of 12 piglets died after signs such as dyspnea, fever, systemic erythema and subcutaneous hemorrhages, and lesions pertaining to poisonous hepatitis and dysfunction of kidney were observed. By injection of lectin with $7{\mu}g/kg$ of body weight to the thigh muscle, all of 12 piglets showed signs such as edema and cutaneous hemorrhage in the injected area, lameness and depression, and lesions pertaining to poisonous hepatitis and dysfunction of kidney were observed. By injection of lectin with 1, 3 and $5{\mu}g/kg$ of body weight to the thigh muscle of each one piglet, signs such as congestion, induration and grayish coloration in the injected area, depression and inappetence were observed in all piglets. Toxic changes were also observed in the liver and kidney of piglets by lectin of 3 and $5{\mu}g$. By injection of lectin with 0.5 and $0.7{\mu}g/kg$ of body weight to the cervical muscle of each 9 piglets, all piglets were clinically normal and there were no significant changes in blood counts and chemistry values. Whereas, epithelial swelling and vacuolation of convoluted tubules were observed from one piglet injected with lectin of $0.7{\mu}g$, and necrosis and fibrosis of muscular fiber were observed in the muscle of one piglet injected with lectin of $0.5{\mu}g$. Only population of sIgM+ B lymphocytes increased among immune cells in all of 15 piglets immunized with lectin($0.7{\mu}g/kg$ of body weight)-adjuvanted vaccine, while compared to those in $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccine and vaccine without adjuvant. No additional stimulation to the immune cells was recognized when lectin was added to $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccine. In piglets immunized with lectin-adjuvanted vaccine, SN titers in reciprocal values for loge were 1.3-4.0 at 1-4 weeks after vaccination, which was similar to those with 1.0-3.3 by vaccine without adjuvant but lower than those with 2.0-5.7 by $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccine. Also, no additional increase in the SN titers was recognized when lectin was added to $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccine. Piglets immunized with lectin-adjuvanted vaccine were resistant to challenge by the virulent NYJ1-87 at 4 weeks after vaccination, and the SN titers reached to 5.0 one week after challenge, which was higher than those with 4.0 by vaccine without adjuvant but somewhat lower than those with 7.7 by $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccine.

• 핵의학기술
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.45-49
• /
• 2010

뇌조 조영술에 이용되는 방사성의약품들 중 최근에는 Tc-99m DTPA를 이용한 뇌 척수액 영상이 대부분이다. 하지만 Tc-99m DTPA는 사용 시 무균수막염, 근육강직, 경련 등 여러 부작용이 발생할 우려가 있다. 따라서 Tc-99m DTPA의 이러한 부작용의 발생을 사전에 예방하기 위하여 안정성검사를 시행하였으며 그 유용성을 알아보고자 한다. 방사성의약품 Vial검사는 2008년 12월 16일 - 2009년 12월 30일에 뇌조조영술을 시행한 환자(n=12)를 대상으로 시행하였으며, 시술시 사용한 vial내의 DTPA 성분 (Mallinckrodt사의 Techscan-DTPA사용), NaPertechnate radiation dose 및 volume, 생리 식염수량, 환자주사용 용량 및 activity 등을 측정하여 순수 DTPA의 양을 계산하였다. 방사성의약품의 내독소평가(Bacterial endotoxin)는 2008년 12월 16일-2009년 12월 30일에 뇌조 조영술을 시행한 환자(n=12)를 대상으로 하였고, 이 때 사용한 DTPA vial의 Pyrogen test (LAL test)를 시행하였다. 시약이 함유된 Positive/Negative control vial(표준액)에 normal saline 0.2 mL을 주입하고, 동일한 Test control vial(실험액)에 normal saline 0.1mL 와 Tc-99m DTPA 0.1 mL로 주입하였으며 Digital hot plate에서 $37.5^{\circ}C$로 1시간 반응시킨 후 응고여부를 표준액과 대조하여 관찰하였다. 안정적인 제조절차 준수는 보존제(방부제)가 없는 미 개봉한 CaNa3 DTPA kit를 사용하였으며 Tc-99m DTPA는 한 Vial당 한명의 환자선량으로 뽑아 투여한다. 이때 적정 용량을 맞추기 위해 0.9% NaCl 멸균 생리 식염수를 사용하여 희석하였다. 방사성의약품 Vial검사는 측정된 성분값들로 순수 DTPA의 양을 얻어내었으며 이는 2가지의 계산식을 이용하여 선량 대비 DTPA의 용량(평균 0.88 mg), 용량 대비 DTPA의 용량(평균 0.74 mg)을 도출해내었다. 방사성의약품의 내독소 평가에서는 동일한 조건으로 시험(n=12)을 시행한 결과 모두 Bacterial endotoxin이 기준치인 단위 선량 당 14 endotoxin units (EU)미만의 반응인 Negative(-)로 나왔다. 안정적인 제조절차 준수에서는 검사 관련 sheet를 만들어 작성 및 제조절차 준수 여부를 확인하였으며 결과 모두 준수하여 제조과정 내에서 방사성의약품에 의하여 발생할 수 있는 부작용이 없었다. Tc-99m DTPA를 이용한 Cisternography 검사 시 항상 방사성의약품의 안정성문제가 제기되어 왔다. 수막강 내 주입용 방사성의약품으로서 제조 및 사용 시 불안정한 취급으로 부작용이 발생할 우려가 있으며, 이에 따른 사용지침이 확립되어야 한다고 생각되었다. 수막강 내 주입용 방사선의약품으로써 free acid 혹은 sodium을 포함하는 DTPA는 적절하지 않으며, 반면 Calcium이 포함된 DTPA는 적절한 것으로 알려져 있다. 위와 같이 Techscan-DTPA(Mallinckrodt): CaNa3으로 간단하며 편리하게 안정성검사를 시행할 수 있었으며 각 검사결과(n=12) 안정성검사를 모두 통과하여 검사 시 동반될 수 있는 부작용은 나타나지 않았다. 앞으로 위와 같은 SOP (Standard Operating Procedures)를 적용하여 보다 쉽고, 편리하게 안정성검사를 시행할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.55-73
• /
• 1995

An Effect of Muscle Strength Training Program on Muscle Strength, Muscle Endurance, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Quality of Life in the Institutionalized Elderly Recent statistics shows that the aged are the fastest growing segment of our population by increasing life span. The age group of over 60 shows multiple health problems and the most serious handicapping problem of these. are related to the changes in muscular skeletal system. With aging, people lose. their muscle mass and muscle strength resulting from biological changes and physical inactivity. Studies documented a 30-50% loss of muscle mass in an advanced age and thus, ordinary life activities can be seriously affected due to weakened muscle strength. Preservation of muscle strength of lower limb is especially important in the aged. Since it is readily affected from reduced physical activity in old age, sometimes to the detriment of moving or walking. So muscle strength exercise program designed for the elderly to improve leg muscle strength and leg muscle endurance. The research design used was nonequivalent control group pretest - protest design. The purposes of this study were to test the effect of muscle strength exercise program utilizing Leg Press on muscle strength, muscle endurance, instrumental activities of daily living(IADL), cognitive perceptual variables and quality of life. Forty nine subjects participating in this study consisted of twenty four male and twenty five female. Twenty four experimental group subjects were selected from C-institution in Chung Buk province, and twenty five control group subjects were selected from O-institution in Chung Nam province. The mean age of subjects was 72.8 years. Muscle strength training program utilizing Leg Press for the experimental group was carried out three times a week for 9 weeks. The data was collected from August, 1993 to October, 1993. Data were analyzed with $X^2-test$, t-test, ANCOVA test, Kruskal Wallis 1-Way ANOVA test using SPSS PC program. Results were obtained as follows : 1) The experimental group showed significantly higher scores on muscle strength (leg lift strength, back lift strength and grip strength) and muscle endurance than control group after the experiment $\ulcorner$F=52.35(p=.001), F=54.07(p=.001), F=6.97(p=.011), F=18.17(p=.001)$\lrcorner$ 2) Experimental group were significantly higher scores on IADL than control group(F=7.51, p=.009). 3) Experimental group showed significantly higher scores on economical state and self esteem aspects of the quality of life scale than control group $\ulcorner$F=10.59(p=.002), F=6.97(p=.011)$\lrcorner$. But there were no differences in emotional state, physical and functional state and relationship with reatives in the quality of life between groups. 4) Scores on IADL showed a significant difference with the level of muscle strength and muscle endurance $\ulcornerx^2=7.73(p=.025),\;x^2=8.86\;(p=.011)\lrcorner$ 5) Scores on self esteem and physical and functional state aspects of the quality of life scale showed a significant difference with the level of IADL $\ulcornerx^2=11.39(p=.003),\;x^2=9.02(p=.011)\lrcorner$. 6) Scores of experimental group after the experiment in cognitive perceptual variables (perceived benefit on exercise, perceived health status, self efficacy, emotion on exercise) were significantly higher than those of control group $\ulcorner$F=32.09(p=.001), F=5.07(p=.029), F=20.63 (p=.001), F=30.38(p=.001)$\lrcorner$. As a result of this study, the effect of strength training exercise program with Leg. Press had improved muscle strength, muscle endurance, IADL, and the perception of self esteem, physical and funtional state, and economical state. Thus strength training program could be beneficially applied for the prevention of disablity and promotion of health and wellbeing in the aged easily and safely. The subjects in the experimental group have maintained their exercises till six months after the cessation of the experiment. This seem to illustrate that changes in cognitive perceptual variables and the improvement in health status have reinforced motivation for the continuation of voluntary exercises. A further study is necessary to determine the factors affecting maintainance of muscle strength exercise and to assess the effect of weight training program on bone density.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.303-311
• /
• 2000

목적: 생체 내에서 potassium과 유사한 역학을 보이는 thallium은 종양의 영상에 널리 사용된다. $K^+$ 통로개방제는 세포 내의 potassium을 외부로 배출되게 하는 기능이 있어 Tl-201을 이용한 종양영상에도 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. 본 연구는 강력한 $K^+$ 통로개방제의 하나인 pinacidil이 Tl-201을 이용한 종양의 국소화에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 알아보기 위하여, 종양을 가진 생쥐에서 pinacidil에 의한 Tl-201의 체내분포 변화를 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법: 생쥐 유방암세포주를 이식받은 Balb/c 생쥐를 3주간 사육한 후 실험에 이용하였다. Tl-201 185 KBq를 꼬리정맥을 통해 주입한 후 일정시간에 실험동물을 희생시켜 Tl-201의 체내 분포를 알아 보았으며, pinacidil $100{\mu}g$ 투여에 따른 분포 변화를 알아보았다. 또한 Tl-201 3.7 MBq를 꼬리정맥을 통해 주입하여 Tl-201의 시간에 따른 전신 잔류율을 측정하였고, pinacidil 투여에 의한 전신 잔류율 변화를 구하였다. 결과: pinacidil 투여시 대조군에 비해 혈액 내 Tl-201의 방사능치를 약간 감소시키나 신장에서는 현저한 감소를 일으켰다. 또한 간, 근육, 및 장관의 방사능은 pinacidil 투여에 의해 변하지 않았다. 종양 내 Tl-201 섭취율 및 종양조직/혈액 무게당 섭취비는 대조군에 비해 pinacidil 투여군에서 낮았으며, Tl-201의 24시간 전신 잔류율도 pinacidil 투여군에서 낮았다. 결론: $K^+$ 통로개방제는 Tl-201의 체외 배설을 촉진시키고, 신장 섭취를 감소시켜나, 종양 섭취량도 감소시켰다. 그러므로 Tl-201 종양영상 판독시 $K^+$ 통로개방제를 사용하는 경우에는 오히려 Tl-201 종양영상의 질이 향상되기 보다는 저하될 수 있다는 사실을 고려하여야 할 것으로 생각된다.