• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of sole Pilates based breathing on the thicknesses of the abdominal muscles. METHODS: Twenty adults aged in their 20-30s were randomly selected. The selection criteria were those who had no medical history of pain due to musculoskeletal system, neurologic, or orthopedic diseases within six months before the selection. The thicknesses of the abdominal muscles (the transversus abdominis muscle, internal oblique abdominal muscle, and external oblique abdominal muscle) of the subjects were measured using ultrasonography before and after Pilates breathing. The study was approved by the research ethics committee of the Catholic University of Pusan. RESULTS: After Pilates based breathing, the thicknesses of the transversus abdominis muscle, the internal oblique abdominal muscle, and the external oblique abdominal muscle increased significantly. In particular, the thickness increase rate of the transversus abdominis muscle was shown to be the highest. CONCLUSION: Sole Pilates based breathing is expected to be effective for the improvement of trunk stability through strengthening of abdominal muscles, because it induces the coordinated contraction of the transversus abdominis muscle and other abdominal muscle. It will be need the Longitudinal study for identify to long term effects of Pilates based breathing.

• 대한스포츠의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2018

Purpose: This study analyzed the muscle activity changes induced by motions of reaching forward and chest expansion that were examined from the bilateral muscles with rectus abdominis, external oblique, multifidus, and longissimus thoracic using Pilates cadillac instrument. Methods: Nine young adult women, who have no musculoskeletal disorder and any of chronic diseases, were participated. Surface electromyography system was used for recording of all signals produced by muscles, and then normalized as percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). The paired t-test and repeated measures of analysis of variance was performed. Results: Reaching-forward motion showed a higher muscle activity from non-dominant external oblique muscle than that of the chest-expansion motion. During both reaching-forward motion and chest-expansion motion, MVIC values collected from dominant side of external oblique muscle were shown a significantly lower than the values obtained from non-dominant side (p<0.05). Conversely, %MVIC values in external oblique muscle collected from dominant side showed a significantly higher than the values obtained from non-dominant side of the same oblique muscle (p<0.05). Reaching-forward motion was caused a higher %MVIC on non-dominant external oblique muscle than that of the chest-expansion motion (p<0.05). Regardless of dominant or non-dominant sides, external oblique muscle was shown the highest activation rate of all the other muscles during reaching forward action, and longissimus thoracic muscle was shown the highest activation rate of all the other muscles during chest expansion action. Conclusion: Reaching-forward motion is suitable for activating an external oblique muscle, and chest-expansion motion is an effective enough in activating of longissimus thoracic muscle.

• 약학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.402-414
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• 1988

In order to clarify the receptor types and mechanisms underlying the positive inotropic effect of dopamine on the mammalian ventricular myocardium, the action potential, its first derivatives and isometric contraction of the rabbit papillary muscle were recorded using a force transducer and glass capillary microelectrodes filled with 3M KCl. The results were as follows; (1) In normal Tyrode solution, the contractile force was increased and duration of action potential was shortened with increments of dopamine concentration ($10^{-6}-10^{-4}M$). (2) The dose-response curve was markedly shifted to the right by pretreatment with reserpine (5mg/kg i.p., 24hrs prior to the experiment). (3) In 19mM $K^+-Tyrode$ solution, the duration of action potential, maximum rate of rise (V_{max}) of action potential and overshoot were significantly increased with increments of dopamine concentration ($10^{-6}-10^{-4}M$). (4) The inotropic effect of dopamine on the rabbit papillary muscle pretreated with reserpine was antagonized by atenolol ($10^{-6}M$), but not by phentolamine ($3{\times}10^{-6}M$). (5) In rabbit papillary muscle partially depolarized by 19mM $K^+-Tyrode$ solution, slow electrical response (calcium mediated action potential) as well as contraction were restored by dopamine ($10^{-4}M$); this restoration was blocked by calcium antagonists ($3{\times}10^{-5}M$ $LaCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$, $3{\times}10^{-6}M$ diltiazem) or ${\beta}-adrenoceptor$ antagonist ($3{\times}10^{-6}M$ atenolol), but not affected by ${\alpha}-adrenoceptor$ antagonist ($10^{-5}M$ phentolamine, $3{\times}10^{-6}M$ yohimbine) or vascular dopaminergic receptor antagonist ($10^{-5}M$ haloperidol). The above results may be interpreted as that the positive inotropic effect of dopamine through both direct and indirect action are caused by increase in slow inward current ($Ca^{2+}$ influx into themyocardial cell), and the direct action is mainly due to the stimulation of ${\beta}-adrenoceptors$ in the rabbit papillary muscle.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2010

Fire service personnel and ambulance paramedics suffer musculoskeletal disorders as they lift and carry patients while performing Emergency Medical Services (EMS). The objective of the current study was performed to examine the association between working environment and musculoskeletal disorders of 119 paramedics and to analysis the EMS activities for them through basic survey (including task characteristics, risk factors, symptoms and illnesses). Observational job analysis of EMS activities indicated the squatting posture during first-aid performed on floor and the abrupt use of force during carrying heavy load including stretcher with patients on as hazard factors, and excessive low back twisting and bending during stairway transfer was observed. In addition, work-physiological assessment revealed various but rather high lumbar muscle usage rate among the study subjects, being 14.6~32.8% compared with Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) during patients transfer work. Resting heart rate showed 65/min, on the other hand, heart rate on mobilization indicated maximum 124~156/min. Therefore, the results of analysis to the EMS activities, rescuer activities and medical tasks were accompanied with high possibility of accident and musculoskeletal disorders. Also, EMS activities indicated high muscle fatigue and energy consumption, and accumulated muscle fatigue with during continued work.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.159-167
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• 1994

The contraction of rabbit basilar artery was examined as a function of changes in the $Na^+$ electrochemical gradient in order to determine the contribution of $Na^+/Ca^{2+}$ exchange to the modulation of contractility. Ouabain $(10^{-5}\;M)$ or $K^+-free$ Tyrode solution caused an increase in tonic tension even in the presence of a $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker $(10^{-6}\;M\;verapamil)$ and an ${\alpha}-receptor$ blocker $(10^{-5}\;M\;phentolamine)$. After treatment with ouabain $(10^{-5}\;M)$, contractions were augmented by reduction of external $Na^+$ concentration. The longer the treatment with ouabain $(10^{-5}\;M)$ was, the larger the amplitude of $Na^+-free$ contracture was. $Na^+-free$ contracture wag induced by either substitution of equimolar Tris for $Na^+$ or substitution of equimolar $Li^+\;for\;Na^+$. The competition between $Na^+\;and\;Ca^{2+}$ for the $Na^+/Ca^{2+}$ exchange carrier would exist, because it was observed that contractility was dependent on the $Na^+$ electrochemical gradient or the extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration (2 mM, 4 mM). Ryanodine $(10^{-7}\;M)$, the blocker of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, did not suppress the development of $Na^+-free$ contracture. The contractile response to norepinephrine $(10^{-6}\;M)$ was augmented by reducing the extracellular $Na^+$ concentration. The relaxation rate from caffeine-induced contraction was dependent on the extracellular $Na^+$ concentration (0 mM, 140 mM). From the above results, it could be suggested that $Na^+/Ca^{2+}$ exchange can move $Ca^{2+}$ either into or out of rabbit basilar arterial smooth muscle. $Ca^{2+}$ entry or extrusion is dependent upon the $Na^+$ electrochemical gradient. $Na^+/Ca^{2+}$ exchange plays a significant role in the regulation of contractility in rabbit basilar arterial smooth muscle.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.797-807
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Mahwangyunpye-tang(MYT) significantly affects mucin secretion from airway epithelial cells. Methods : Confluent hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells were metabolically radiolabeled with 3H-glucosamine for 24 hrs and chased for 30 min in the presence of MYT to assess the effect of the agent on 3H-mucin secretion. Total elution profiles of control spent media and treatment sample through Sepharose CL-4B column were analyzed. Effect of MYT on contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle was investigated; also investigated was effect of the agent on MUC5AC gene expression in cultured NCI-H292 cells. Possible cytotoxicities of the agent were assessed both by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from HTSE cells and examining the rate of survival and proliferation of NCI-H292 cells. Results : MYT significantly increased mucin secretion from cultured HTSE cells, without significant cytotoxicity. MYT chiefly affected the 'mucin' secretion. MYT inhibited Acetylcholine-induced contraction of isolated tracheal smooth muscle. MYT did not significantly affect the expression levels of MUC 5AC gene in cultured NCI-H292 cells. Conclusions : Based on the above results, it is suggested that MYT increased mucin secretion from cultured HTSE cells without significant cytotoxicity and inhibited contraction of isolated tracheal smooth muscle.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.147-158
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• 1991

The effects of noradrenaline on the spontaneous contraction recorded from a strip of mucosa-free antral circular muscle were studied in the guinea-pig stomach, and the changes in slow waves and membrane resistance were analyzed in order to elucidate the mechanism for the excitatory response to noradrenaline. Electrical responses of circular muscle cells were recorded using glass microelectrodes filled with 3 M KCI. Electrotonic potentials were produced to estimate membrane resistance by the partition stimulating method. All experiments were performed in tris-buffered Tyrode solution which was aerated with 100% $O_2$ and kept at $35^{\circ}C$. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The spontaneous contractions were potentiated dose-dependently by the application of noradrenaline. 2) Through the experiments using adrenoceptor-blockers, the strong excitatory effect via $[\alpha}-adrenoceptors$ and the weak inhibitory efffect via ${\beta}-adrenoceptors$ were noted. 3) Noradrenaline produced hyperpolarization of membrane potential, and increases in the amplitude and the maximum rate of rise of slow waves. 4) In the presence of apamin, Ca-dependent K channel blocker, the characteristic hyperpolarization was not developed. However, the excitatory effect of noradrenaline on spontaneous contraction remained. 5) Membrane resistance was reduced during the hyperpolarized state by the application of noradrenaline, and the change of membrane resistance and the hyperpolarized state were completely abolished by apamin. From the above results, following conclusions could be made: Excitatory responses to noradrenaline result from the dominant ${\alpha}-excitatory$, and the weak ${\beta}-inhibitory$ action of noradrenaline. Hyperpolarization of membrane potential by noradrenaline is due to the activation of Ca-dependent K channel.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2010

We evaluated the effect of the ginsenoside Re on insulin resistance of glucose transport in muscles of rats made insulin resistant with a high fat diet. After a week of adaptation period to the laboratory environment, 40 male wistar rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups (Chow diet group; CD, n = 20, High fat diet group; HFD, n = 20). After 5-week of high fat diet, Food was removed after 6:00 PM the day before the experiment. The following morning, rats were anesthetized by an intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg body wt), and the soleus muscles were removed. Before incubation, the soleus muscle was split longitudinally into strips with an average weight of 15~20 mg. After the muscle dissection was completed, the abdominal cavity was opened, and the epididymal, mesenteric, and retroperitoneal fat pads were removed and weighed. Treatment of muscles with ginsenoside Re alone had no effect on glucose transport. The high fat diet resulted in ~50% decreases glucose transport rate in soleus muscles. Treatment of muscles with ginsenoside Re in vitro for 90 min completely reversed the high fat diet-induced insulin resistance of glucose transport in soleus muscles. This effect of ginsenoside Re is specific for insulin stimulated glucose transport, as Re treatment did not reverse the high fat diet-induced resistance of skeletal muscle glucose transport to stimulation by contraction. Our results show that the ginsenoside Re induces a remarkably rapid reversal of high fat diet-induced insulin resistance of muscle glucose transport.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1985

Mechanical energy consumption during human running was studied. The subject was modeled by an eleven segment planar open linkage system and analyzed by Newtonian equations of motion from film data with a sampling rate of 50 Hz. The motion data from films were smoothed by lower 7 harmonics before analysis. And this study was tried for a normal male subject running on a concrete floor. The mechanical energy consumption was evaluated from the five different criteria suggested by others and a joint energy consumption criterion newly devised based on the muscle contraction.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.181-196
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• 1995

The present experiments were designed to investigate the effects of BangPoongSan on the cardiovascular system in the experimental Animals. And thus the change of blood pressure, auricular blood flow, artery contraction, death rate, platelet aggregation repression, plasma coagulation factor activity, plasma antithrombin activity, whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity were studied. The result were summarized as the followings: 1. BangPoongSan dropped the blood pressure in the spontaneous hypertensive rat. 2. The drug increased the auricular blood flow in rabbit. 3. The drug relaxed the artery contraction by pretreated norepinephrine in white rat. 4. The drug inhibited the death rate of mouse which was led to thromboembolism by serotonin and collagen. 5. The drug inhibited the platelet aggregation in rat. 6. The drug prolonged the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasma coagulation factor activity in rat, but was not valuable. 7. The drug presented the antithrombin activity in rat. 8. The drug reduced the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity in rat, but the latter was not valuable. According to the results, Bangpoongsan increased the blood flow and dropped the blood pressure by dilatation of blood vessel smooth muscle. And the drug presented the antithrombin acivity, inhibited the platelet aggregation and reduced blood viscosity. Therefore these effects are assumed to improve the cardiovascular circulation disorder and prevent thrombosis.