• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2013

Calponin 3는 F-actin과 결합하는 단백질로 신경계의 가소성과 시냅스 활성을 조절하는데 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 평활근과 심장근에 발현되는 calponin 1과 calponin 2와는 다르게 calponin 3는 뇌 조직에 많이 발현되어 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 마우스에서 3-nitropropionic acid를 투여하여 선조체에 비가역적 신경 손상을 주었을 때 calponin 3의 발현 양상을 알아보기 위하여 진행되었다. 본 연구 결과 3-nitropropionic acid를 마우스에 투여하였을 때 선조체에서 신경조직의 괴사가 일어남을 관찰하였으며 calponin 3는 약물 투여 후 1.5일부터 서서히 발현되는 것을 확인하였다. 특히, calponin 3는 신경조직의 괴사가 일어나는 부위의 주변부에서 발현되는 것을 확인하였으며 형광 이중면역 염색법으로 확인한 결과 GFAP를 발현하는 별아교세포에서 발현됨을 최초로 밝혔다. 따라서, calponin 3가 3-nitropropionic acid의 독성에 저항성을 나타내는 부위에서 별아교세포에서만 특이적으로 발현되는 것으로 보아 calponin 3는 별아교세포에 의한 신경아교증에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 추측된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.501-506
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• 2000

We examined the antifibrotic effect of a methanol extract from Stephania tetrandra (ST) on experimental liver fibrosis. liver fibrosis was induced by bile duct ligation and scission (BDL/S) in rats. In BDL/S rats, activity levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminse (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), concentration of total bilirubin in serum, and hydroxyproline content of the liver were significantly increased. The ST treatment (either 100 ${m}g/kg/day$ or 200 ${m}g/kg/day$, p.o. for 4 weeks) in BDL/S rats reduced the serum AST, ALT and ALP activity levels significantly (p<0.01). Similarly, when compared to the control group, the concentration of hydroxyproline in the livers of the BDL/S rats treated with 100${m}g$ or 200${m}g$ ST treated rats decreased by 40% and 33% respectively, when compared to the BDL/S control group (p<0.01). The morphological characteristics of fibrotic liver that were observed in the BDL/S control group, improved in the ST treated BDL/S group. In the fibrotic liver of BDL/S rats treated with ST, a marked reduction in the numbers of alpha smooth muscle cell actin positive stellate cells was observed. These results indicate that doses of either 100 or 200 ${m}g/kg/day$ of methanol extract from S. tetrandra, had an antifibrotic effect in rats with liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation and scission.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.421-433
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• 2002

In order to elucidate the pathogenesis of cleft lip and palate, first of all, it is necessary to understand the developmental mechanisms of growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins in the tissues of cleft lip and palate. We have performed immunohistochemical studies on human cleft lip and palate tissues to elucidate the pathogenetic implications of cleft lip and palate. 16 specimens from postnatal human cleft lip and palate subjects and 17 specimens from autopsy of prenatal human cleft lip and palate were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin. The sections were routinely stained by hematoxylin and eosin, also stained by PAS, and followed by immunohistochemical stainings using the antiseras of growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins such as PCNA, S-100, c-erb-B2, MMP-3, MMP-10, HSP-70, transglutaninase-C, E-cadherin, VEGF, vWF. Both the prenatal and postnatal specimens of cleft lip and palate showed dysplastic proliferation of the basal cell layer, increased infiltration of melanocytes into mucosal epithelium, sebaceous gland hyperplasia ingrowing into the muscular tissue of lip and palate, and fatty infiltration into the submucosal deep connective tissue. The strong reactions of MMP-3 and HSP-70 were detected in the tissues of cleft lip and palate, especially increased in degenerating muscle bundles, while the immunostainings of PCNA and c-erb-B2 were weakly positive in the tissues of cleft lip and palate. These data suggest that the retrogressive tissue degeneration around the cleft areas persistently exist during the prenatal and postnatal period after cleft formation, and the sebaceous gland hyperplasia and fatty infiltration with the intense expression of MMP-3 and HSP-70 is closely related to the muscular degeneration around the cleft area.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2012

Purpose: Lipogranuloma is the reaction of adipose tissue to various oils, paraffin, and other hydrocarbons injected into subcutaneous tissue for cosmetic or other reasons. The authors experienced a case of sclerosing lipogranuloma on the nasal dorsum. Methods: A 42-year-old female, without a history of the injection of any foreign materials, was admitted on our hospital for a painless, irregular, and firm mass located on her nasal dorsum with step-off deformity. It was considered that the mass had developed after augmentation rhinoplasty. The size of mass had been increased after closed reduction of nasal bone fracture. On April 2011, under general anesthesia, the mass was removed by open rhinoplasty technique. In addition, a pathologic examination was performed. After the mass extirpation, dermofat graft was performed for the correction of depression deformity. Results: The histopathological findings demonstrated a Swiss cheese pattern with variably-sized vacuoles, which corresponded to lipid removed with tissue processing, and variable foreign body giant cell reaction, fat necrosis, and hyalinized fibrous tissue. The pathologic diagnosis is lipogranuloma replacing nasalis muscle. It has been considered that sclerosing lipogranuloma is caused by nerve injury during augmentation rhinoplasty and the ointment used after the closed reduction of nasal bone fracture, which infiltrated through the injured mucosa. Conclusion: During the treatment of rhinoplasty or nasal bone fracture, the nerve injury or the ointment use can lead to lipogranuloma. Therefore, careful dissection for avoidance of the nerve injury and limited use of ointment seems to be helpful in decreasing incidence of lipogranuloma.

• 약학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2011

Diabetes has been one of major health risks in industrialized countries. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been focused as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic syndromes, because AMPK increases glucose uptake through independent insulin signal pathway. In this study, we investigated the anti-diabetic effect of Angelica gigas Nakai extract (AGNEX), a mixture of decursin and decursinol angelate (53 : 47), decursin and decursinol angelate on blood glucose, glucose transport (GLUT) and AMPK expression levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. To induce diabetes, 50 mg/kg of STZ was injected via i.v. route and AGNEX 2 mg/kg (STZ+AG), decursin 2 mg/kg (STZ+D), decursinol angelate 2 mg/kg (STZ+DA), and metformin 100 mg/kg (STZ+M) were administered orally for 21 days. STZ+DA group showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels compared to the other groups. Decursinol angelate significantly upregulated expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phosphorylation of AMPK (p-AMPK) in skeletal muscle of rats. In pancreas of rats, decursinol angelate significantly increased expression of GLUT2 through down-regulation of p-AMPK. In addition to the result of pancreatic islets morphology, AGNEX, decursin, decursinol angelate, and metformin treated group recovered ${\beta}$-cell damage by hyperglycemia. These results indicate that decursinol angelate might be a potential anti-diabetic agent and AGNEX could be useful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.483-489
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• 1995

많은 세포와 조직에서 분화 조절물질로 알려져 있는 비타민 A의 대사산물인 rectinoic acid(RA)가 배양 계배 근원세포의 성장과 분화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. RA가 처리된 세포는 그 농도가 증가함에 따라 융합 억제 효과도 증가함을 보였고, 배양액으로부터 RA를 제거해 주면 근원세포의 융합이 재개되는 것으로 보아, RA는 근원세포의 융합을 가역적으로 억제함을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 이미 최종 분화 단계에 들어선 세포에서는 융합 억제 효과를 보이지 않아, RA의 효과는 분화 단계에 따라 특이적으로 작용함을 보여준다. 융합 억제 효과에도 불구하고, RA는 근원세포의 융합 전단계인 방추형으로 신장하는 것과 그들이 가상의 축을 따라 배열하는 데는 영향을 주지 않았다. 또한 세포의 증식과 creatine kimase, tropomyosin과 같은 근특이 단백질의 축적에도 큰 영향을 주지 않았다. 한편, 근원세포는 융합하기 전에 필수적으로 fibronectin의 감소를 억제함을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 RA는 배양 근원세포의 융합만을 특이하게 억제하는 물질이며, 그 작용은 fibronectin의 감소를 방해하는 것과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1079-1085
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• 2015

Originally, activins were identified as stimulators of FSH release in reproduction. Other activities, including secondary axis formation in development, have since been revealed. Here, we investigated the influence of activin ${\beta}_A$ on the body, including the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract. Initially, the activin ${\beta}_A$ protein was detected in the serum proportional to the amount of pCMV-rAct plasmid injected. The induced level of activin ${\beta}_A$ in muscle was higher in female than male mice. Subsequent results revealed that stomach and intestine were severely damaged in pCMV-rAct-injected mice. At the cellular level, loss of parietal cells was observed, resulting in increased pH within the stomach. This phenomenon was more severe in male than female mice. Consistent with damage of the stomach and intestine, activin ${\beta}_A$ often led to necrosis in the tip of the tail or foot, and loss of body weight was observed in pCMV-rAct-injected male but not female mice. Finally, in pCMV-rAct-injected mice, circulating activin ${\beta}_A$ led to death at supraphysiological doses, and this was dependent on the strain of mice used. Taken together, these results indicate that activin ${\beta}_A$ has an important role outside of reproduction and development, specifically in digestion. These data also indicate that activin ${\beta}_A$ must be controlled within a narrow range because of latent lethal activity. In addition, our approach can be used effectively for functional analysis of secreted proteins.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2008

Although many studies show that thromboxane $A_2\;(TXA_2)$ has the action of gastrointestinal (GI) motility using GI muscle cells and tissue, there are no reports on the effects of $TXA_2$ on interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) that function as pacemaker cells in GI tract. So, we studied the modulation of pacemaker activities by $TXA_2$ in ICC with whole cell patch-clamp technique. Externally applied $TXA_2\;(5{\mu}M)$ produced membrane depolarization in current-clamp mode and increased tonic inward pacemaker currents in voltage-clamp mode. The tonic inward currents by $TXA_2$ were inhibited by intracellular application of GDP-${\beta}$-S. The pretreatment of ICC with $Ca^{2+}$ free solution and thapsigargin, a $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase inhibitor in endoplasmic reticulum, abolished the generation of pacemaker currents and suppressed the $TXA_2$-induced tonic inward currents. However, chelerythrine or calphostin C, protein kinase C inhibitors, did not block the $TXA_2$-induced effects on pacemaker currents. These results suggest that $TXA_2$ can regulate intestinal motility through the modulation of ICC pacemaker activities. This modulation of pacemaker activities by $TXA_2$ may occur by the activation of G protein and PKC independent pathway via extra and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ modulation.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2002

이미 분화된 연골세포의 성숙과정에 미치는 X-선의 작용에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있다. 그러나 연골세포나 섬유아세포, 근육세포로 분화될 수 있는 미분화 간충직 세포의 분화과정에 미치는 X-선의 영향에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않아, 본 연구에서는 초기 분화연구에 좋은 대상이 되는 계배 미분화 간충직세포를 이용하여 선량(1-10Gy)에 따라 연골세포 분화 과정에 X-선이 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 조사하였다. 연구결과 선량 의존적으로 연골세포분화가 억제됨을 alcian blue로 sulfated proteoglycan을 염색한 결과를 통해 알 수 있었다. 이는 X-선이 간충직세포와 같은 성숙 이전의 연골성 세포들에게는 모두 영향을 미침을 보여주는 것이다. 또한 이미 알려진 바와 같이 X-선은 분화된 연골세포의 성숙과정에 영향을 주기도 하지만 상기 연구를 통해서 간충직세포로부터 연골세포로 분화하는 과정을 억제시키기도 함을 보여줌으로써 간충직세포로부터 성숙된 연골세포로 되는 전과정에 X-선이 영향을 미친다는 사실과, 분화가 이루어지지 않은 세포일수록 X-선 조사의 영향을 크게 받음을 알 수 있다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.452-456
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• 2010

Purpose: The schwannoma is a benign peripheral nerve tumor arising from the Schwann cell of the nerve sheath. Only 2-8% of schwannomas arise in the hand and wrist. Misdiagnosis is frequent such as ganglion and neurofibroma. This article documents and clarifies the clinical features of schwannomas arising in the hand and wrist, and emphasizes importance of differential diagnosis and meticulous surgical extirpation under magnification. Methods: The author reviewed clinical features of 15 patients with pathologic final diagnosis of schwannoma developed in hand and wrist during the last 12 years from 1998 through 2009. The review included the sex, age of onset, duration, preoperative diagnosis, location, involved nerve, preoperative symptoms and. Postoperative sequelae after surgical extirpation of the lesion with magnification, or without magnification of the surgical fields. Results: The chief complaints were slow growing firm mass in all patients, and followed by pain in 40%, and paresthesia in 40% respectively. The lesions were developed solitarily in 14 patients (93%). The postoperative pathologic diagnosis and preoperative diagnosis were coincided with only in 6 patients (40%). Other preoperative diagnosis were soft tissue tumor in 4 patient (26.6%), and ganglion in 3 patients (20%), and neurofibroma in 2 patients (13%). In all patients who were undergone surgical excision under the fields of magnification, all symptoms were subsided without any sequelae. Meanwhile muscle weakness, paresthesia, hypoesthesia and /or accidental nerve resection developed after surgical excision with naked eye. Conclusion: Schwannoma in hand most commonly appears as a slow growing solitary mass with pain or paresthesia. The chance of preoperative misdiagnosis was 60% in this series. To provide good prognosis and less sequelae, careful and elaborate diagnostic efforts and meticulous surgical excision under the magnification are necessary in management of schwannoma.