• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.93-100
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• 2016

Objectives : To find an acupuncture point where more exact Surface Electromyography(SEMG) measurement can be drown, through the study of measurement of orbicularis oris. Methods : Of healthy people from 19 to 40 years of age, who did not fall under exclusion criteria (22 males and 22 females), were selected as subjects, after relaxation for 10 minutes, and they were told how to pronounce 'O' and 'U' with their lips puckered. The SEMG figures were measured with attaching disposable electrode on acupuncture point of right-and-left Hwaryo(LI19) and 1 cun away from Seungjang(CV24) on both sides when the subjects pronounced 'O' and 'U'. Results : The average value was highest on left 1 cun away from Seungjang(CV24) in pronouncing 'O' and 'U', and the average SEMG value was higher in the order of right 1 cun away from Seungjang(CV24), right Hwaryo(LI19), left Hwaryo(LI19). Average of the lower orbicularis oris is statistically higher than that of the upper orbicularis oris, which has significant meaning. However, there was no significant difference when compared by pronunciation. Average of percentage mark of differences of right-and-left measured value of each pronunciation and each acupuncture point : Pronounced 'O' and the upper part of orbicularis oris: $16.76{\pm}11.29%$, pronounced 'O' and the lower part of orbicularis oris: $22.41{\pm}12.92%$, pronounced 'U' and the upper part of orbicularis oris: $17.10{\pm}9.89%$, pronounced 'U' and the lower part of orbicularis oris : $19.20{\pm}10.82%$. Conclusion : The difference of pronunciation will not affect the results in SEMG measurement. In addition, the average of the lower orbicularis oris is statistically and significantly higher than that of the upper orbicularis oris.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.401-410
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• 1997

An acute pain is the common experience following surgery. Pain is a most miserable experience in person and most preoperative patients have fear o! postoperative pain. In nursing, it is very important to understand and relieve the pain of post oprative patients as much as possible. This study was designed to compare the descriptive patterns of pain between group of Patient Controlled Analgesia and group of traditional Muscular Injection in surgcal patients. This information can be utilited as data of understanding nursing care and treatment planning for pain in surgical patients. The subjects in this study were 45 post-hysterectomy patients in Gynecology ward in C. N. U. H., in Taejon. Data was collected from May 12 to June 27. 1996. The instrumants used for this study were subjective Visual Analog Scale, Objedive nonverbal pain scale composed of Facial Apperance. Vocal Sound Change, and Sweating score. and the Melzack's Mcgill pain Qusetionaire. nine Items of Developmental Pain Intensity Scale by Lee En Ok. Analysis of data was done by using S. P. S. S. percentage, t-test, x²-test. ANOVA, and Repeated measure ANOVA. Results were obtained as follows. 1. Hypothesis 1 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in subjective self-report pain score(Visual Analog Scale) between PCA Group and IM Group(P=0.0001). 2. Hypothesis 2 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in muscle strength score (Visual Analog Scale) between PCA Group and IM group(P0.0001). 3. Hypothesis 3 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in facial appearance score between PCA Group and IM group(P=0.0001). 4. Hypothesis 4 : There was very highly statistically significance difference in vocal sound change score between PCA Group and IM group(P=0.0001). 5. Hypothesis 5 : There was no statistically significant difference sweating scores between PCA group and IM group(F=2.50, P=0.1220). But, postoperation time of 12, 24 was statistically difference between two groups(P=0.0001). So, it was partially supported. 6. Hypothesis 6 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in vocabulary pain score between PCA Group and IM group. 7. Hypothesis 7 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in amounts of total analgesic between PCA Group and IM group. There was very highly statistically significant difference in Visual Analog Pain Score, Facial Appearance Score, Vocal Sound Change Score, Vocabulary Score, amounts of total analgesic between PCA group and IM group. So, It is verified to asses of postoperative pain with VAS, Checklist of facia appearance, vocal sound change, and sweating, and Vocabulary Scale.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 2008

The ECG is biomedical electrical signal occurring on the surface of the body due to the contraction and relaxation of the heart. This signal represents an extremely important measure for health monitoring, as it provides vital information about a patient's cardiac condition and general health. ECG signals are contaminated with high frequency noise such as power line interference, muscle artifact and low frequency nose such as motion artifact. But it is difficult to filter nose from ECG signal, and errors resulting from filtering can distort a ECG signal. The present study implemented a small-size and low-power ECG measurement system that can remove motion artifact for convenient health monitoring during daily life. The implemented ECG monitoring system consists of ECG amplifier, a low power microprocessor, bluetooth module and monitoring program. Amplifier was designed and implemented using low power instrumentation amplifier, and microprocessor was interfaced to the ECG amplifier to collect the data, process, store and feed to a transmitter. And bluetooth module used to wirelessly transmit and receive the vital sign data from the microprocessor to an PC at the receiving site. In order to evaluate the performance of the implemented system, we assessed motion artifact rejection performance in each situation with artificially set condition using adaptive filter.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.199-202
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• 2011

Purpose: Hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone in the anterior of the neck. Hyoid bone fractures are exceedingly rare and represent only 0.002% of all fractures because of its protective position relative to the mandible and its suspension by elastic musculature. We report a patient who presented hyoid bone fracture associated with hypoglossal nerve palsy. We also discuss the possible complication and treatment. Methods: A 69-year-old man was transferred from another institution because of persistent purulent discharge from the left chin. He had a history of trauma in which a knuckle crane grabbed his face and neck in the construction site. A CT scan at the time of the accident demonstrated a comminuted fracture of the right side of the mandible and hyoid bone fracture at the junction between body and right greater cornua. The displaced fracture of hyoid bone and fullness in the pre-epiglottic space were noted, probably indicating some edema. The patient was transferred into ICU after treatment of emergency tracheostomy because the patient showed respiratory distress rapidly. When the patient was hospitalized in our emergency room, he complained of dysphagia and pain when swallowing. On examination of oral cavity, the presence of muscle wasting with fasciculation of the tongue was noted and the tongue deviates to the left side on protruding from the mouth. Pharyngolarygoscopy was performed to make sure that there was no evidence of progressive swelling and pharyngeal laceration. Results: The patient underwent surgical removal of dead and infected tissue from the wound and reconstruction of mandibular bony defect by iliac bone grafting. Hyoid bone fracture was managed conservatively with oral analgesics, soft diet and restricted movement. Hypoglossal nerve palsy was resolved within 7 weeks after trauma without complications. Conclusion: Closed hyoid bone fracture is usually uncomplicated and thus it can be treated conservatively. Surgical intervention for hyoid bone fracture is recommended for patient with airway compromise, pharyngeal perforation and painful symptoms which show no response to conservative care. Furthermore, since respiratory distress syndrome may develop quickly, close observation is required. Besides, hypoglossal nerve palsy is a rarely recognized complication of hyoid bone fracture.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.325-331
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of the headache attributed to Temporomandibular disorder(TMD) symptoms and to investigate the relationships of headache and TMD. 66 patients seeking care for signs and symptoms of Temporomandibular disorders(TMD) and Orofacial pain in the department of oral medicine, Dental Hospital, Chosun University, from January, 2008 to June, 2008, were recruited. The obtained results were as follows : 1. A muscle and TMJ origin combined was the most common in study populations(54.55%), grouped as TMD classification. 2. Tension type headache was the most common in study population(89.39%), grouped as headache classification. 3. 36 patients out of 66(54.55%) had headaches which related to TMD. 4. Out of 36 patients who had suffered the headache which were attributed to TMD, 19 patients(52.78%) described that their headache related to TMD was different from their own primary headaches. In conclusion, headache attributed to TMD is relatively common in the patients who had headaches and TMD symptoms together. And the new headache patterns may related to headache and TMD chronification. Larger-scale studies and more specified and controlled comparison study is needed to confirm the relationship between the headache and TMD.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2002

Intermaxillary fixation and occusal splint are routine procedure for maxillofacial fracture and orthognathic surgery. When these methods could obstruct oral airway the patients who kept intermaxillary fixation and occusal splint in their mouth, are very difficult to breath after surgery. Nasal bleeding and pharyngeal edema due to nasotracheal intubation, residual effect of muscle relaxants, and anesthetic agent could be contributing factor of airway obstruction. In this study, pulmonary function test was evaluated before and after intermaxillary fixation, and intermaxillary fixation with occusal splint in 22 volunteers. The results were as follows 1. FVC, %FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1%$, PEF, $PEF_{50}$, MVV without intermaxillary fixtion were 4.45L, 88%, 4.03L, 90.9%, 10.26L/s, 5.53L/s, and 136.14L/min, and with intermaxillary fixation were 3.51L, 68.67%, 3.06L, 69.39L, 6.52L/s, 3.94L/s, and 69.39L/min. The results with intermaxillary fixation and occusal splint were 2.15L, 42.41%, 1.71L, 38.81%, 2.83L/s, 1.74L/s, and 37.14L/min. 2. Compared with before and after intermaxillary fixation, all values of pulmonary function test were decreased and after intermaxillary fixation and intermaixillary fixation with occulasal splint, the results were decreased. 3. MVV and PEF were decreased significantly with interaxillary fixtion and occusal splint, and FVC was less decreased. It meant that intermaxillary fixation and occluasal splint induced reduction of respiratory flow significantly, but less reduction of respiratory volume. 4. Intermaxillary fixation and occulsal splint induced increase of airway resistance, decrease of expiratory volume and air flow. So severe respiratory difficulty could be seen to all volunteers who kept intermaxillary fixtion and occusal splint. 5. In classification of respiratory difficulty, intermaxillary fixation with occulsal splint induced complex respiratory difficulty more than intermaxillary fixation only did. From the above results, doctors who care patients kept intermaxillary fixation and occusal splint should be aware of respiratory depression caused by these treatment.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.541-555
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• 2002

Objectives: This study is aimed to analyze the trend of research on nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients in Korea, suggest direction for future research of nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients. Methods: 74 studies published from 1991 to 2001 were examined according to the year of publication, types of journal, research design, types of disease, care methods, major concepts, tool and research findings. Results: 1) The number of studies related nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients had increased rapidly since the 1996's(78.4%). 2) 42 nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients studies(56.1%) were done for a thesis for a degree and 32 were nondegree research studies(43.9%). 3) 70 studies(94.7%) were quantitative study, which included in 40 descriptive studies(54.1%), 22 experimental studies (29.75), 5 correlative studies(6.8%), 2 comparative studies(2.7%) and 1 case study(1.4%), and 4 studies(5.3%) were qualitative study, which included in 3 content analysis studies(3.9%) and 1 phenomenological study(1.4%). 4) Researches about cancer more than 2 were the most by 48 studies (66.1%), following leukemia researches were 8 studies(10.8%), breast cancer researches were 7 studies(9.5%), gastric cancer researches were 4 studies(5.4%), pediatric cancer researches were 3 studies(4.1%), uterine cancer researches were 2 studies(2.7%). 5) Researches about chemotherapy were the most by 39 studies(52.6%), following analgesic researches were 14 studies(18.9%), researches that do not present treatment method were 9 studies(12.2%), radiation researches were 7 studies(9.5%). 6) In 22 experimental studies, the effects of 13 types of nursing interventions were tested. Research findings were effective almost but muscle relaxation therapy to decrease nausea and vomiting was no effect. Conclusion: We need more researches about research of nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients, especially need to prove the effect of intervention or program for nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients by experimental research designs and need more qualitative researches to identify indepth the meaning of nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.94-102
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• 2010

Objectives : Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing(EMDR) is a novel, time-limited psychotherapy originally developed for treatment of psychological trauma. The effectiveness of this therapy has been validated only for posttraumatic stress disorder ; however, EMDR is often applied to other psychiatric illnesses, including other anxiety disorders and depression. This pilot study tested the efficacy of EMDR added to the routine treatment for individuals with acute stage schizophrenia. Methods : This study was conducted in the acute psychiatric care unit of a university-affiliated training hospital. Inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either three sessions of EMDR, three sessions of progressive muscle relaxation(PMR) therapy, or only treatment as usual(TAU). All the participants received concurrent typical treatments(TAU), including psychotropic medication, individual supportive psychotherapy and group activities in the psychiatric ward. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale were administered by a clinical psychologist who was blinded to the patients' group assignment. Results : Forty-five patients enrolled and forty patients(89%) completed the post-treatment evaluation. There were no between-group differences in the withdrawal rates of patients during the treatment or at the three-month follow-up session. All three groups improved significantly across each of the symptomatic domains including schizophrenia, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. However, a repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant differences among the groups over time. Effect size for change in total PANSS scores was also similar across treatment conditions, but effect size for negative symptoms was large for EMDR(0.60 for EMDR, 0.39 for PMR and 0.21 for TAU only). Conclusion : These findings supported the use of EMDR in treating the acute stage of schizophrenia but the results failed to confirm the effectiveness of the treatment over the two control conditions in three sessions. Further studies with longer courses of treatment, more focused target dimensions of treatment, and a sample of outpatients are necessary.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.108-117
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• 2020

This study aims to provide basic data for maintaining and promoting health of obese middle-aged women who are interested in various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and coronary artery disease by comparing and analyzing the effect on body composition and lipid metabolism through a 12-week Pilates mat exercise program for obese middle-aged women. This study targeted middle-aged women residing in Gyeonggi-do A, who are obese middle-aged women in their 40s and 50s with a body fat ratio of 30% or more, and had no regular exercise in the past three months. Obese middle-aged women(n=19) were divided into two groups, the Pilates mat exercise program group(n=9) and the control group(n=10), conducting exercise for 60 minutes three times a week for 12 weeks. As a result of analysis, the exercise group had a positive effect on body weight, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, body fat percentage, and BMI in body composition, but not in the control group. In the lipid metabolism, the exercise group had a positive effect on TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and FFA, but not in the control group. These results suggest that the 12-week Pilates mat exercise program conducted in this study is an exercise program that can prevent cardiovascular and chronic diseases in obese middle-aged women.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1740-1748
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of the long-term high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) on the spasticity and the balance in chronic stroke patients. Twenty-six subjects with spasticity over lower limbs were allocated randomly into two groups under standard rehabilitation: (1) TENS group, (2) placebo-TENS group. TENS stimulation was applied on the both the gastrocnemius for 30 minutes, 5 days a week for 4 weeks(100 Hz, 0.25 ms, 2 times sensory threshold). The Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS) and Hand-held manual muscle tester were used to assess the ankle plantarflexor spasticity. Balance function under three conditions was measured by using force-plate and the amount of postural sway was assessed; in (1) the condition of standing with eyes opened, (2) with eyes closed and (3) the condition of standing on unstable surface with eyes opened. Both groups showed significant improvement in spasticity and balance function after treatment for 4 weeks(p<.05). Especially, TENS group showed a significant reduction of spasticity compared to placebo-TENS group(p<.05). These results suggested that additional stimulation of a long-term high-frequency TENS to standard rehabilitation induced an improved balance function and a spasticity reduction. The long-term application of high-frequency TENS will be an effective intervention for reducing spasticity and increasing balance ability in the chronic stroke patients.