• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.9-16
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• 2009

Objectives: To clarify the effects of Jungri-tang Gamibang on accelerating small intestinal movement induced by the stimulation of cholinergic neurotransmission. Methods: 500, 250 and 125mg Jungri-Tang Gamibang or 20mg domperidone were dissolved or suspended in distilled water and orally pretreated on the carbachol-accelerated small intestinal transit mice once a day for 7 days at a volume of 10ml/kg (of body weight) using a Zonde needle attached to 1 ml syringes containing test drugs. Result: Significantly (p<0.01) increase of % regions of activated charcoal transit in the small intestine was detected in carbachol control compared to that of intact control. However, significant (p<0.01) decreases of % regions of activated charcoal transit were dose-dependently observed in all Jungri-Tang Gamibang extracts or domperidone-pretreated groups. Conclusions: it was concluded that Jungri-tang Gamibang enhancement in the normal intestinal motility and normalization in the accelerated intestinal motility might interfere with a variety of muscarinic, adrenergic and histaminic receptor activities or with the mobilization of calcium ions required for smooth muscle contraction non-specifically.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.37
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• pp.29.1-29.7
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• 2015

Facial asymmetry is found in patients with or without cosmetic facial alterations. Some patients have facial asymmetry that manifests underlying skeletal problems, while others have only limited soft-tissue facial asymmetry. Orthognathic surgery brings about a dermatic change, as soft tissue covers underlying bones. Limited soft-tissue asymmetry, meanwhile, is difficult to correct. The treatment modalities for the creation or restoration of an esthetically pleasing appearance were autogenous fat grafts, cartilage graft, and silicon injections. A young female patient had right-side facial asymmetry. The clinical assessment involved visual inspection of the face and palpation to differentiate soft tissue and bone. Although the extra-oral examination found facial asymmetry with skin atrophy, the radiographic findings revealed no mandibular atrophy or deviation. She was diagnosed as localized scleroderma with muscle spasm. In conclusion, facial asymmetry patients with skeletal asymmetry can be esthetically satisfied by orthognathic surgery; however, facial atrophy patients with skin or subdermal tissue contraction need treatment by cosmetic dermatological surgery and orthodontic correction.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.297-302
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• 1997

Higenamine was widely used as traditional remedy for the treatment of rhumatoid arthritis. Nitric oxide(NO) may be a critical mediator in this inflammatory disease. Synovial tissue from humans with inflammatory arthritis expresses NOS2(iNOS) mRNA and protein, and generates NO in vitro. We therefore, investigated the effect of higenamine on the induction of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) promoted by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Prophylactic application of higenamine selectively prevented LPS-primed initiation of L-arginine-induced relaxation and restored rhenylephrine(PE)-induced contraction in rat aorta. LPS-stimulated nitrite production in the incubation medium was reduced by higenamine. Furthermore, RT-PCR and Northern analysis indicated that higenamine reduced iNOS expression primed by LPS in rat aorta. These results suggest that higenamine prevents LPS-promoted induction of NOS in vascular smooth muscle.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.11
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• pp.55-58
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• 1997

In this paper, we study a signal processing method which extracts each MUAP(motor unit action potential) from EMG(Electromyogram) interference pattern or clinical diagnostic purposes. First of all, differential digital filtering is selected or eliminating the spike components of the MUAP's from the background noise. And, the algorithm identifies the spikes over the certanin threshold by template matching in frequency domain. After missing or false firing actor is cut off at the IPI(inter pulse interval) histogram, we averages the MUAP waveforms from the raw signal using the identified spikes as triggers, and Finally, measures their amplitudes, durations, and numbers of phases. Specially, We introduce algorithm performed by template matching in the frequency domain. A typical 3-s signal recorded from the biceps brachii muscle using a conventional needle electrode during a isometric contraction is used. Finally, the method decomposed five simultaneous active MUAP's from original EMG signal.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.270-274
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the abdominal muscles and to compare the activity ratios of the bilateral rectus abdominis (RA) to oblique abdominal muscles during shoulder abduction in opposite directions with single leg raising (SLR) performed in the supine position on a foam roller. Methods: Fifteen healthy subjects were recruited to the study. Each subject lay on the foam roller and performed left single leg raising with right or left shoulder $90^{\circ}$ abduction (Abd); performed in a random order. Surface EMG recordings of selected abdominal muscles (i.e., the RA, external oblique abdominis [EO], internal oblique abdominis [IO], and transverse abdominis [TrA]) were normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction. EO/RA and IO and TrA/RA ratios were determined with surface EMG. Data were analyzed by Independent t-test. The statistical significance level was p<0.05. Results: The results were as follows: (1) the right RA, left EO, and right IO and TrA muscle activities increased significantly at the left SLR with left Abd compared to the left SLR with right Abd (p<0.05); and (2) the ratio of right EO/RA activity increased significantly at the left SLR with right Abd compared to left Abd (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that left SLR with left Abd on a foam roller is an appropriate exercise for activation of specific oblique abdominal muscles.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.124-127
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• 2015

Purpose: The emphasis on gait rehabilitation after stroke depends on training support through the lower limbs, balance of body mass over the changing base of support. However, muscle weakness, lack of control of lower limb, and poor balance can interfere with training after stroke. For this case study report, a wearable robot orthosis was applied to stroke patients in order to verify its actual applicability on balance and gait ability in the clinical field. Methods: Two stroke patients participated in the training using the wearable robot orthosis. Wearable robot orthosis provides patient-initiated active assistance contraction during training. Training includes weight shift training, standing up and sitting down, ground walking, and stair up and down Training was applied a total of 20 times, five times a week for 4 weeks, for 30 minutes a day. Gait ability was determined by Stance phase symmetry profile, Swing phase symmetry profile, and velocity using the GAITRite system. Balance ability was measured using the Biodex balance system. Results: Subjects 1, 2 showed improved gait and balance ability with mean individual improvement of 72.4% for velocity, 19.4% for stance phase symmetry profile, 9.6% for swing phase symmetry profile, and 13.6% for balance ability. Conclusion: Training utilizing a wearable robot orthosis can be useful for improvement of the gait and balance ability of stroke patients.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.485-493
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• 2005

We studied the effects of trazodone on arterial blood pressure in anesthesized guinea pigs, and on vascular responses in isolated thoracic aorta. Trazodone produced a concentration-dependent relaxation in phenylephrine-precontracted endothelium intact (+E) rings, but not in a KCl-precontracted aortic rings. These relaxant effects of trazodone on +E rings were significantly greater than those on denuded (-E) rings. The trazodone-induced relaxation was suppressed by glibenclamide and tetrabutylammonium, but not by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), methylene blue (MB), nifedipine, indomethacin, 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-n,n-diphenylcarbamate (NCDC) and clotrimazole. In vivo, infusion of trazodone elicited a significant decrease in arterial blood pressure. Trazodone-induced blood pressure lowering was markedly inhibited by intravenous pretreatment of prazosin but not by pretreatment of saponin, L-NNA, L-NAME, MB, nifedipine, glibenclamide, clotrimazole and NCDC. In addition, trazodone produced an increase in twitch force of isolated papillary muscle and left ventricular pressure of perfused heart. These findings suggest that the endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effect of trazodone may be explained by activation of $Ca^{2+}$-activated and ATP-sensitive $K^+$ channels, and the hypotensive effect of trazodone is not associated with cardiac contraction.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.265-269
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• 2008

Calumenin, a multiple EF-hand $Ca^{2+}$ binding protein is located in the SR of mammalian heart, but the functional role of the protein in the heart is unknown. In the present study, an adenovirus gene transfer system was employed for neonatal rat heart to examine the effects of calumenin over-expression (Calu-OE) on $Ca^{2+}$ transients. Calu-OE (8 folds) did not alter the expression levels of DHPR, RyR2, NCX, SERCA2, CSQ and PLN. However, Calu-OE affected several parameters of $Ca^{2+}$ transients. Among them, prolongation of time to 50% baseline ($T_{50}$) was the most outstanding change in electrically-evoked $Ca^{2+}$ transients. The higher $T_{50}$ was due to an inhibition of SERCA2-mediated $Ca^{2+}$ uptake into SR, as tested by oxalate-supported $Ca^{2+}$ uptake. Furthermore, co-IP study showed a direct interaction between calumenin and SERCA2. Taken together, calumenin in the cardiac SR may play an important role in the regulation of $Ca^{2+}$ uptake during the EC coupling process.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.23-39
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• 2001

Dysfunction of the anterior and dorsal muscles of the trunk have been studied in relation to low back pain of many years. Many muscles of the trunk are capable of contributing to the stabilization and protection of the lumbar spine, recent evidence has suggested that transversus abdominis may be critically involved and has been the focus of rehabilitation. The delay in onset of contraction of trunk muscles associated with movement of the upper or lower limb in patients with low back pain indicates a significant deficit in the automatic motor command for control of disturbance to the spine. The function of transversus abdominis has been largely ignored in the evaluation of spinal stabilization and protection. The most essential stabilizing muscles for the lumbar column are the transversus abdominis and the multifidus. Sling exercise therapy(SET) concept consists of a system of diagnosis and treatment. The system of diagnosis involves testing the muscle's tolerance through progressive loading in open and close kinetic chains. The SET system contains elements such as relaxation, increasing the range of movement, traction, training the stabilizing musculature, sensorimotor exercises, training in open and close kinetic chains, dynamic training of the mobilizing musculature, cardiovasc+ular exercises, group exercise, personal exercise at home. Sensorimotor training is an essential element of the SET concept. The emphasis is on closed kinetic chain exercises on an unstable surface, thereby achieving optimum stimulation of the sensorimotor apparatus.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.213-225
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related on pain in female office workers. Methods : Neck pain group of 31 female subjects complained of neck and arm discomfort. Normal group of 20 female subjects had no complaints or minimal discomfort. Cervical curvature and muscle tone were assessed by whole spine x-ray, meridian-electromyography(MEMG), craniovertebral angle, and Moire. Neck pain was evaluated by Neck Disability Index(NDI) and Visual Analog Scale(VAS). The emotional and other physical factors that could effect neck pain were checked by questionnaires including Beck Depression Index(BDI), Stress Reaction Index(SRI), Holmes & Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale(SRRS), International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ), and Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale(GSRS). Results : The contraction and fatigue of upper trapezius by MEMG was significantly higher in the neck pain group. And BDI, SRI, SRRS, and GSRS were significantly higher in the neck pain group (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the Jackson's angle, Cobb's method, craniovertebral angle, and moire between two groups. Conclusions : The results suggest that neck pain is related to mental stress rather than physical stress and physical stress does not change cervical curvature significantly.