• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2020

Purpose : Proprioceptive position sense plays a key role in providing joint stability, and multiple factors are related to proprioceptive position sense. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of body composition, particularly skeletal muscle mass on proprioceptive position sense following muscle fatigue. Methods : Healthy female subjects agreed to have their body composition analyzed. Only subjects who had 18.5-22.9 kg/㎡ of BMI (body mass index) were included in this study, and the participants were divided into two groups by skeletal muscle mass level. The experimental group had a level of skeletal muscle lower than the standard level (n=9), while the control group showed a standard or high level of skeletal muscle mass (n=11). To determine the change in proprioceptive position sense of the knee joint, the absolute angle error (AAE) was evaluated following muscle fatigue on low extremity. The muscle fatigue was induced by isokinetic resistance exercise program of Biodex system. AAE was measured by the Biodex system and compared the result before and after muscle fatigue. Results : The experimental group showed a significant AAE difference between before (3.16±2.48 °) and after (5.40±2.61 °) muscle fatigue. In addition, there was a AAE difference between the experimental (5.40±2.61 °) and control groups (3.53±1.67 °) after fatigue; however, there was no significance. Those results indicated that low level of skeletal muscle mass might influence the proprioceptive position sense of the knee joint after muscle fatigue. Conclusion : Thus, maintaining the proper level of skeletal muscle mass is pivotal to reduce the risk of injury following muscle fatigue in ADL or sport activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.713-720
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• 2011

This study investigated the effect of cold acclimatization training on body composition including weight, fat mass, and muscle mass with 10 subjects (5 males and 5 females). During the 3-week acclimatization training program, they visited an artificial climate chamber ($15^{\circ}C$) 15 times and were exposed to cold environment with light clothing for 2 hours. Body composition was measured before and after cold training using bioelectric impedance analysis that was later compared by a paired t-test. In the process of thermoregulation, muscle contraction was accompanied by increased substrate metabolism for rising heat production. After cold training, the muscle mass increased and fat mass decreased significantly (p<.1, p<.05), subsequently the body composition changed. It was found that cold acclimatization training could be used as a treatment for obesity. It was suggested that further investigation on the long term effects of mild cold exposure using clothing and its potential applicability as an obesity treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1764-1769
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• 2000

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the antioxidant effect of nitrite on total, neutral, and polar lipids and fatty acid composition in laboratory-cooked ground pork. Muscle samples (Biceps femoris) were analyzed using Iatroscan, gas chromatography, phosphorus content, and TBARS value. The total and neutral lipid contents of muscle were higher in nitrite-untreated meat (0 ppm) than in nitrite-treated meat (100 ppm) but the reverse was observed for polar lipid contents. The results for neutral lipids showed a similar trend when compared with total lipids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids contents of total, neutral and polar lipid in 100 ppm treated meat were higher than that of 0 ppm. The phosphorus content was higher in 100 ppm meat than in 0 ppm but the reverse was observed for TBARS value. These results showed that the addition of 100 ppm nitrite to ground pork resulted in a remarkable antioxidant effect during refrigeration storage.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.114-120
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• 2001

Objectives : Man adapts himself to nature, so accordingly as he grows up, changes of body composition appear. This study measured the changes of body compositions on the ground of Sasang constitution and seasons Methods : 253 middle school students who live in Busan were studied from the 20th of March, 1999 to the 20th of March, 2001. We measured height and body compositions with Inbody 3.0, six times during that period. Results : According as they grew up, total body water, muscle area, body weight, BMI (Body Mass Index), BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate), ACM (Arm Muscle Circumference), and BCM (Body Cell Mass) increased, but fat body weight ratio decreased. From March to June, total body water, muscle area, height, ACM, and BCM increased. From September to December fat body weight, fat body weight ratio, waist hip ratio increased as compared with other seasons. Height of Soyangin and BMI of both Soyangin and Taeumin increased more than those of other groups, with statistical significance Conclusions : The growth of man is adapting oneself to changes of nature, and it corresponds to the theory of (correspondence between man and universe).

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.697-708
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of dietary supplementation of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) on muscle metabolism and meat quality of pigs with and without pre-slaughter transportation. Methods: In a 43-day feeding experiment, a total of 160 pigs with an initial body weight 60.00±2.00 kg were randomly assigned into four groups in a completely randomized design with 10 replicates. Pigs in groups A and C were fed a basal diet and pigs in groups B and D were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% ELE. Pigs were slaughtered with (group B and D) or without (group A and C) pre-slaughter transport. Muscle chemical composition, postmortem glycolysis, meat quality and muscle metabolome were analyzed. Results: Dietary ELE supplementation had no effect on the proximate composition of porcine muscle, but increased free phenylalanine, proline, citruline, norvaline, and the total free amino acids in muscle. In addition, dietary ELE increased decanoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, but decreased heptadecanoic acid, oleic acid, trans-oleic acid, and monounsaturated fatty acids in muscle. Meat quality measurement demonstrated that ELE improved meat water holding capacity and eliminated the negative effects of pre-slaughter transport on meat cooking yield and tenderness. Dietary ELE reduced muscle glycolytic potential, inhibited glycolysis and muscle pH decline in the postmortem conversion of muscle to meat and increased the activity of citrate synthase in muscle. Metabolomics analysis by liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric showed that ELE enhanced muscle energy level, regulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, modulated glycogenolysis/glycolysis, and altered the metabolism of carbohydrate, fatty acids, ketone bodies, amino acids, purine, and pyrimidine. Conclusion: Dietary ELE improved meat quality and alleviated the negative effect of pre-slaughter transport on meat quality by enhancing muscle oxidative metabolism capacity and inhibiting glycolysis in postmortem muscle, which is probably involved its regulation of AMPK.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.611-616
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• 1995

A study was conducted which demonstrated that Dhofari cattle responded well to intensive management systems in terms of growth rates and carcass yields. Twenty-four Omani Dhofari bulls and steers (12 of each) were reared from birth until slaughter at 110, 160 and 210 kg body weight (for of each sex at each slaughter weight). Calves were fed ad libitum a diet of concentrate (16.5% CP) and Rhodesgrass hay (8.8% CP). Bulls and steers reached the predetermined slaughter weights of 110, 160 and 210 kg at 154 and 164; 219 and 233; 273 and 310 days of age, respectively. Respective mean pre and post-weaning daily body weight gains for bulls and steers were 581 and 530; 796 and 706 g averaging 645 and 596 g over 36 weeks. At 210 kg, the heaviest weight of the study, dressing-out percentage (DO) was 54.5 and 56.9 yielding carcasses of 115.9 and 118.5 kg which contained 60.4 and 61.5% muscle; 11.6 and 11.4% bone and 24.5 and 22.9% fat for bulls and steers, respectively. Proportion of bone in the carcass decreased, that of fat increased, whereas that of muscle remained unchanged between slaughter weights of 110 to 210 kg. That resulted in increased muscle : bone and decreased muscle : fat ratios. At 160 kg body weight, bulls had less fat and more muscle and bone than steers but there were no sex differences in carcass composition at 210 kg slaughter weight.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.597-604
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• 2014

This research aimed at comparative analysis of body composition and basic physical strength of model majored female college students and general female college students. The research object was composed of 15 model majored female college students of D University, who learned the purpose of this research enough and wrote the consent form of voluntary participation and 15 general female college students, who have no medical history and currently no special disease, and no experience in regular exercise. They underwent body composition inspection, left right grasping power which is the basic physical strength, back muscle strength, flexibility, rapidity, muscle endurance, and the researcher performed descriptive statistics to calculate the average standard deviation, and analyzed to verify difference between groups by using independent t-test. With statistical significance level p<.05, the results are as follows. model majored female college students and general female college students showed meaningful difference between groups in weight, skeletal muscles, body fat volume, BMI and left right grasping power, back muscle strength, rapidity(p<.05). between groups in flexibility and muscle endurance(p>.05).

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.72-83
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• 2023

Background: Normal-weight obese women have a normal weight with relatively low muscle mass resulting from high body fat. We aimed to investigate the effects of core exercise on body composition, abdominal muscle thickness, trunk muscular endurance, and psychological factors in normal-weight obese women. Design: One group pre-, mid-, and post-test design. Methods: A total of 20 normal-weight obese women were recruited voluntarily. Core exercises were performed for 30 minutes, three times a week for 4 weeks. InBody measurements, ultrasound imaging, and clinical tests were used to assess body composition, abdominal muscle thickness, trunk and core muscular endurance, and psychological condition(satisfaction with appearance and self-esteem). The dependent variables were measured three times: before the intervention (pre-test), 2 weeks after the intervention (mid-test), and 4 weeks after intervention (post-test). One-way repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Although there was no change in the body composition (p>0.05), thickness of the transversus abdominis and internal and external oblique muscles, endurance of the trunk flexors and extensors and core muscles, and psychological condition showed significant differences after the intervention (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings will help develop exercise programs for normal-weight obese individuals that utilize the beneficial effect of core exercises.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.575-584
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of low intensity resistance training speed on body composition, muscle activity and muscle strength in obese middle-aged women. The subjects (n = 12) were randomly assigned to normal resistance training speed group (NSG, n = 6) and slow resistance training speed group (SSG, n = 6). NSG was performed the for 3 sets ${\times}$ 35 times and total 3-s per repetition (eccentric: 1-s, isometric: 1-s, concentric: 1-s), and SSG performed for 3 sets ${\times}$ 15 times and total 7-s per repetition (eccentric: 3-s, isometric: 1-s, concentric: 3-s). Both groups performed the low intensity resistance training at 30% of 1-RM for 105-s per set, rest for 1 min between sets, rest for 3 min between exercises, and 2~3 times per week, for 4 weeks. The body composition, muscle activity and muscle strength were measured before and 4 week after resistance training. WHR at NSG and body fat at SSG were significantly decreased after resistance training compared with before (P<.05). Ｍuscle activity of biceps brachii, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis at both groups were significantly decreased after resistance training compared with before (P<.05, P<.01). Muscle strength of biceps curl and leg extension at both groups were significantly increased after resistance training compared with before (P<.01). However, body composition, muscle activity and muscle strength did not show statistically significant differences between the groups. Our results suggest that body composition, muscle activity and muscle strength should closely related to the performance time of resistance training (development time of muscle contraction), rather than resistance training speed (repetition frequency).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.29-34
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• 2008

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of microwave diathermy against the body composition of obese women with protein content, muscle quantity, and the change of body weight for three weeks by microwave diathermy. Methods: we performed the change of body weight for three weeks using the method of 100,000 Hz microwave diathermy against obese women. The obese women were examined the change of body weight by pre-test using microwave diathermy. Results: The effect of microwave diathermy in protein content, muscle quantity, and body weight did not show any statistically significant in an experimental group of eight female university students for three weeks, but the change of body weight was statistically significant (p>0.05) for three weeks to eight students who were examined by microwave diathermy. The control group did not show any statistically significant in protein content, muscle quantity, body fat, and the change of body weight for three weeks.s). Conclusion: These results suggest that microwave diathermy may be an effective method for the management of the body and the diet in obese women.