• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2020

The main reason that drives many developing countries to pursue waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies is that it produces energy while eliminating build-up of large quantities of wastes, at a time, when oil and gas reserves are declining. The rate of generation of municipal solid wastes (MSW) in any given country depends on many factors including economy, population, and modernization of industry and infrastructure developments. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven emirates that has grown to be one of the Middle East's most important economic centers. UAE has also become one of the highest waste producing countries due to fast development and growth; thus, UAE pursue modern technologies to covert generated wastes into energy. In this communication, the status of on-going waste to energy projects and WtE plants that are currently under design and construction in UAE are discussed. The need for development of WtE technologies is presented based on the literature, reports, economics and the environmental regulations.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2023

Global efforts are focused on achieving carbon neutrality due to the increases in the levels of greenhouse gases. Moreover, the greenhouse gases generated from the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) are the primary sources of emissions in South Korea. In this study, we conducted the biological conversion of syngas (CO, H₂, and CO₂) generated from MSW gasification. The MSW-derived syngas was used as a feed source for cultivating Eubacterium limosum KIST612, and pressurization was employed to enhance gas solubility in culture broth. However, the pH of the medium decreased owing to the pressurization because of the CO₂ in the syngas and the cultivation-associated organic acid production. The replacement of conventional HEPES buffer with a phosphate buffer led to an approximately 2.5-fold increase in acetic acid concentration. Furthermore, compared with the control group, the pressurized reactor exhibited a maximum 8.28-fold increase in the CO consumption rate and a 3.8-fold increase in the H2 consumption rate.

• 청정기술
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.360-365
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• 2012

오늘날 경제 성장에 따른 도시고형폐기물(Municipal Solid Waste, MSW)의 발생량 증가로 MSW의 환경적인 처리 및 에너지 회수측면에서 폐기물 가스화에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 폐기물 가스화 공정을 통하여 생산된 합성가스의 활용연구를 위하여 폴리아마이드 복합막을 이용한 일산화탄소 및 수소 혼합가스의 분리특성 연구를 수행하였다. 폐기물 합성가스의 분리특성 실험을 위하여 순수 일산화탄소와 수소를 혼합한 모사가스를 활용하였으며, 주입 기체의 유량과 스테이지 컷(stage cut)의 변화에 따른 분리특성에 있어서 온도의 영향을 고찰하였다. 각 실험조건에서 일산화탄소와 수소의 투과도를 평가하였으며, 이때 퍼미에이트(permeate)에서의 수소에 대한 선택도를 평가하였다. 또한 본 연구에서 일산화탄소와 수소의 기체 분리막에 대한 투과 활성화 에너지를 얻기 위하여 Arrhenius 도시를 이용한 분석연구를 함께 수행하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.453-460
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• 2009

In order to provide fundamental data for developing high-grade(high-quality and low-pollution) Refuse Derived Fuel(RDF), we analyzed caloric value and HCl content by Municipal Solid Waste(MSW) type. The caloric value was analyzed using calorimeter and HCl content was analyzed using mercury(II) thiocyanate method. In case of paper type the caloric value was 3,060~3,608kcal/kg and the HCl content was 239~6,135ppm. In case of vinyl-plastics the caloric value was 5,946~9,888kcal/kg and the HCl content was 429~455,771ppm. According to the result of quality assessment by MSW type, the calroric value of vinyl-plastics type was showed higher than that of paper type and in case of HCl content the paper type was showed lower than vinyl-plastics type. So, We mixed paper and plastic wastes. The caloric value of mixed MSW(paper and plastics) was 5,046~9,125kcal/kg and the HCl content was 239~6,135ppm. Also, The caloric value of packaging waste(film-plastics) was 5,982~8,045kcal/kg. Therefore It is possible to develop high-grade Refuse Derived Fuel through suitable mixing of paper and plastic in municipal solid waste.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2013

The paper aims to characterise the waste generated in municipality of Varanasi, the most populated city in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. MSW is a heterogeneous waste and composition of the waste varied from season to season. The generation, collection and management of waste have become a major environmental problem in most of the developing cities. MSW was collected from open dumping grounds for 2 consecutive years. Each year was classified into 3 seasons of 4 months. On analysis it was found that the biodegradable fraction is always more than other fractions with a minimum of 48.25% in rainy season. With such a high fraction of biodegradable wastes, options such as composting and biomethanation could be tried to convert waste into energy. The average weight of waste generation at present is 0.460 kg per capita per day. The study showed that waste generation and collection were increasing every year, which may be attributed to increase in population.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2004

폐기물의 혐기성 분해반응은 메탄 발생 및 건강 위해성 등과 같은 악영향을 줄 수 있다. 폐기물을 호기적인 조건에서 분해하는 것은 메탄발생 억제 및 폐기물의 조기 안정화를 촉진하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 굴착폐기물을 충전한 모의 매립조를 호기 및 혐기 조건으로 운전함으로써 공기주입이 매립지의 조기안정화에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 본 연구에서는 전주 S 비위생 매립지(매립기간: 1991. 11~1994. 11)에서 폐기물을 굴착하여 시료로 이용하였다. 굴착폐기물은 물리적 조성은 토사류, 비닐/플라스틱류의 난분해성 및 비분해성 물질이 대부분이었다. 호기성 매립조의 발생가스 조성에서 비교적 높은 산소와 이산화탄소 농도가 나타나 미생물에 의한 호기성 분해가 활발하게 일어나고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 굴착폐기물의 혐기성 분해는 매우 미미하여 혐기성 매립조에서는 저농도의 $CH_4$ 가스가 발생하였다. 모의매립조의 침출수 pH는 혐기성 매립조 7.7~8.9, 호기성 매립조 7.3~8.5로 약알카리성을 나타내었다. BOD, COD, $NH_4-N$, $NO_3-N$의 농도변화를 관찰해 보았을 때, 굴착폐기물에 공기를 주입하여 호기성 조건을 만들어 주는 것은 유기물의 생물학적 분해를 가속화하여 침출수의 수질 개선에 큰 도움을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.159-165
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• 1999

Experimental studies have been performed to observe the basic phenomena of waste bed combustion in MSW incinerator. A reduced scale apparatus was utilized to simulate the combustion behavior in real plant with 1-dimensional transient behavior at the experimental setup, which uses wet cubic wood with ash content as simulated waste. LHV (lower heating value) of solid fuel, fuel particle size and flow rate of combustion air were taken as important parameters of the bed combustion. For the quantitative analysis, FPR (flame propagation rate), TBT (total burn-out time) and PBT (particle burn-out time) was defined. LHV represent the capability of heat release of the fuel, so that a higher LHV results in faster reaction rate of the fuel bed, which is shown by higher FPR. Fuel particle size is related with surface area per unit mass as well as heat and mass transfer coefficient. As the particle size increases the FPR decreases owing to decreasing specific surface area. Air injection supplies oxygen to the reaction zone. However oversupply of combustion air increases convection cooling of the bed and possibly extinguishes the flame.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 서로다른 4지역의 도시 생활 쓰레기의 성상 및 물리 화학적 조성을 조사 하였다. 생활 쓰레기 연료화시설 설치 및 자료확보 차원 매립장 관리차원에서 매우 필요한 연구이다. 평균 밀도는 $79{\sim}199.8kg/m^3$ 범위내의 결과를 얻었다. 생활 쓰레기는 8.87%의 음식물류, 38.8%의 종이류, 34.12%의 플라스틱류 및 비닐류, 7.16%의 섬유류, 0.96%의 목재류 1.3%의 고무 및 가죽류 등으로 구성되어 있다. 생활쓰레기의 대부분은 음식물, 종이류, 플라스틱류 등으로 이루어져 있으며 94% 정도가 가연 성분이다. 삼성분 분석에서는 17.38%의 수분 및 69.03%의 가연분 그리고 6.24%의 회분으로 이루어져 있다. 원소분석결과는 탄소 산소 수소 순으로 이루어져 있다. 생활쓰레기의 저위 발열량은 2973.8kcal/kg 이며 고위 발열량은 5209.94 kcal/kg 결과를 얻었다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.93-101
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate and analyze the citizen's attitude for the issue of the municipal solid wastes in Miryang city. The waste generation rate was decreased by 56% compared with 1991, and 71.8% of generated wastes were treated by landfill method. 61.6% among respondents were contacted waste problem by TV and the majority of respondents felt seriousness of food-waste problem. The majority of people felt that waste discharge decreased after "volume-base charge system" and 71% of total respondents were burdened down with use of volume-base charge envelope. The greater part of citizens answered that they experienced damage due to wastes and satisfied with the collection system but they recognized the necessity of the establishment of collection system and increase of cleaners must be nessary.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2007

침출수의 수량 및 수질변화를 평가하기 위하여 세 종류(소각재 100%, 소각재 70%+일반생활폐기물 30%, 생활폐기물 100%)의 모형매립조를 실제 기상조건하에서 운영하였다. 실험결과, 누적 침출수 발생률이 모형매립조 A와 B가 모형매립조 C보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 모형매립조 A는 pH가 pH 9~11의 범위였으나 시간이 경과하면서 중성으로 점차 변하였다. 염소이온은 소각재를 매립한 모형매립조 A와 B가 높은 것으로 나타났으나 모형매립조 C의 경우 낮게 나타났다. 생활폐기물을 충전한 모형매립조 C의 경우 침출수내의 유기물 농도가 다른 모형매립조보다 높게 나타났다.