• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1093-1099
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• 2006

In general, a measuring instrument of sound noise use only one wired channel by one sensor. Therefor the measuring instrument use wired cables as the number of channels are provided by instrument. In a point of observed target it needs data from multiple sensors and In case of measured point is a large numbers the environment of constitution would be complicated because that is in need of channel and cable. So we need the method that can improve the existing transmission channel and cable environment even the measured point is increased. If we use the Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA) we transmit a large numbers of sensor data by using a common transmission channel. We present the method that transmits data of multiple sensor to wireless by using CDMA. This method can simplify the measurement environment dramatically when collecting data by using multiple sensor. We expect this study to contribute the part of multiple access technology and relation technologies on the measuring environment.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.133-137
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• 2006

In general, a measuring instrument of sound noise use only one wired channel by one sensor. Therefor the measuring instrument use wired cables as the number of channels are provided by instrument. In a point of observed target it needs data from multiple sensors and In case of measured point is a large numbers the environment of constitution would be complicated because that is in need of channel and cable. So we need the method that can improve the existing transmission channel and cable environment even the measured point is increased. If we use the Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA) we transmit a large numbers of sensor data by using a common transmission channel. We present the method that transmits data of multiple sensor to wireless by using CDMA. This method can simplify the measurement environment dramatically when collecting data by using multiple sensor. We expect this study to contribute the part of multiple access technology and relation technologies on the measuring environment.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2020

In a wireless sensor network (WSN), the data transmission technique based on the cooperative multiple-input multiple-output (CMIMO) scheme reduces the energy consumption of sensor nodes quite effectively by utilizing the space-time block coding scheme. However, in networks with high node density, the scheme is ineffective due to the high degree of correlated data. Therefore, to enhance the energy efficiency in high node density WSNs, we implemented the distributed source coding (DSC) with the virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) data transmission technique in the WSNs. The DSC-MIMO first compresses redundant source data using the DSC and then sends it to a virtual MIMO link. The results reveal that, in the DSC-MIMO scheme, energy consumption is lower than that in the CMIMO technique; it is also lower in the DSC single-input single-output (SISO) scheme, compared to that in the SISO technique at various code rates, compression rates, and training overhead factors. The results also indicate that the energy consumption per bit is directly proportional to the velocity and training overhead factor in all the energy saving schemes.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.473-481
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• 2007

Energy efficiency is one of the most critical concerns for wireless sensor networks. By allowing sensor nodes in close proximity to cooperate in transmission to form a virtual multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) system, recent progress in wireless MIMO communications can be exploited to boost the system throughput, or equivalently reduce the energy consumption for the same throughput and BER target. However, these cooperative transmission strategies may incur additional energy cost and system overhead. In this paper, assuming that data collectors are equipped with antenna arrays and superior processing capability, energy efficiency of relevant traditional and cooperative transmission strategies: Single-input-multiple-output(SIMO), space-time block coding(STBC), and spatial multiplexing(SM) are studied. Analysis in the wideband regime reveals that, while receive diversity introduces significant improvement in both energy efficiency and spectral efficiency, further improvement due to the transmit diversity of STBC is limited, as opposed to the superiority of the SM scheme especially for non-trivial spectral efficiency. These observations are further confirmed in our analysis of more realistic systems with limited bandwidth, finite constellation sizes, and a target error rate. Based on this analysis, general guidelines are presented for optimal transmission strategy selection in system level and link level, aiming at minimum energy consumption while meeting different requirements. The proposed selection rules, especially those based on system-level metrics, are easy to implement for sensor applications. The framework provided here may also be readily extended to other scenarios or applications.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2016

This paper proposes a new TPC (Transmission Priority Change) algorithm which is used to diagnose failures of a CAN (Controller Area Network) based network system for the oil tank monitoring. The TPC algorithm is aimed to increase the total amount of data transmission and to minimize the latency for an urgent message by changing transmission priority. The urgency of the data transmission has been determined by the conditions of sensors. There are multiple sensors inside of the oil tank, such as temperature, valve, pressure and level sensors. When the sensors operate normally, the sensory data can be collected through the CAN network by the monitoring system. However when there is a dangerous situation or failure situation happened at a sensor, the data need to be handled quickly by the monitoring system, which is implemented by using the TPC algorithm. The effectiveness of the TPC algorithm has been verified by the real experiments. In addition, this paper introduces a method that people can figure out the condition of oil tanks and also can perform the fault diagnosis in real-time by using transmitted packet data. By applying this TPC algorithm to various industries, the convenience and reliability of multiple sensors network system can be improved.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.676-682
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• 2011

Sybil attack can disrupt proper operations of wireless sensor network by forging its sensor node to multiple identities. To protect the sensor network from such an attack, a number of countermeasure methods based on RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) and LQI (Link Quality Indicator) have been proposed. However, previous works on the Sybil attack detection do not consider the fact that Sybil nodes can change their RSSI and LQI strength for their malicious purposes. In this paper, we present a Sybil attack detection method based on a transmission power range. Our proposed method initially measures range of RSSI and LQI from sensor nodes, and then set the minimum, maximum and average RSSI and LQI strength value. After initialization, monitoring nodes request that each sensor node transmits data with different transmission power strengths. If the value measured by monitoring node is out of the range in transmission power strengths, the node is considered as a malicious node.

• Journal of Internet Technology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1157-1166
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• 2019

A Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) allows the seamless integration of miniaturized sensor nodes in or around a human body, which may cause damage to the surrounding body issue due to high temperature. Although various temperature aware routing protocols have been proposed to prevent temperature rise of sensor nodes, most of them accommodate single traffic transmission with no mobility support. We propose a Forwarder based Temperature Aware Routing Protocol (FTAR) that supports multiple traffic transmission for normal and critical data. Normal data is forwarded directly to the sink through forwarding nodes which are selected among mobile nodes attached to the arms and legs, while critical data is forwarded to the sink through static nodes attached to fixed body parts with no mobility. We conduct extensive simulations of FTAR, and conclude that FTAR has good performance in terms of hot spot generation ratio, hot spot duration time, and packet delivery ratio.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.2811-2817
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• 2010

논문에서는 다중의 sink 노드를 가지는 무선 센서 네트워크에서 서비스의 질(Quality of Service: QoS)을 지원하면서 에너지 소모를 줄이는 MAC 프로토콜(QAC-MAC)을 제안한다. 일반적으로 데이터 수집 네트워크에서 sink 노드근처의 노드들은 많은 양의 데이터를 처리해야 하므로 sink 노드 부근에서 혼잡이 발생하게 되어 지연에 민감한 데이터에 치명적일 수가 있다. QAC-MAC은 센서 노드들의 에너지 자원을 절약하면서 전체 네트워크 수명을 높이기 위하여 매체 접근 및 스케줄링을 위하여 경쟁기반 프로토콜과 충돌없이 데이터를 전송하기 위한 TDMA 기반의 데이터 전송 구조를 가지는 하이브리드 메커니즘을 사용한다. 일반적으로 우선순위가 높은 실시간 트래픽은 버스티하고 동일한 목적지를 가지는 특성을 가진다. QAC-MAC은 cross-layer 개념을 도입하여 각 센서 노드에서 동일한 목적지로 향하는 데이터를 재정돈하여 가능한 적은 노드들만이 데이터 전송에 참여함으로 에너지를 절약함으로 전체 네트워크 수명을 연장한다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.358-365
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• 2010

We develop a low complexity cooperative diversity protocol for low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) based wireless sensor networks. A cross layer approach is used to obtain spatial diversity in the physical layer. In this paper, a simple modification in clustering algorithm of the LEACH protocol is proposed to exploit virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) based user cooperation. In lieu of selecting a single cluster-head at network layer, we proposed M cluster-heads in each cluster to obtain a diversity order of M in long distance communication. Due to the broadcast nature of wireless transmission, cluster-heads are able to receive data from sensor nodes at the same time. This fact ensures the synchronization required to implement a virtual MIMO based space time block code (STBC) in cluster-head to sink node transmission. An analytical method to evaluate the energy consumption based on BER curve is presented. Analysis and simulation results show that proposed cooperative LEACH protocol can save a huge amount of energy over LEACH protocol with same data rate, bit error rate, delay and bandwidth requirements. Moreover, this proposal can achieve higher order diversity with improved spectral efficiency compared to other virtual MIMO based protocols.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1086-1090
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• 2010

최근 센서 네트워크의 활용 분야가 증가함에 따라 시스템을 효율적으로 운용하기 위한 다양한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 대표적인 연구로 센서가 에너지를 소모하는 데 있어서 큰 비중을 차지하는 데이터 전송 비용을 줄이기 위해서 질의 최적화 기법이 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 무선 센서 네트워크 환경에서 다수의 영역 질의가 발생하였을 때 질의들 간의 부분 결과를 공유함으로써 에너지 효율적인 다중 질의 처리 기법을 제안하였다. 제안하는 기법은 그리드 구조를 이용하여 직관적인 위치 판별을 가능케하여 주변 노드들과의 불필요한 메시지 전송을 줄이고, 중복된 영역을 인지함으로써 효율적인 데이터 공유가 가능하다. 제안하는 기법의 우수성을 보이기 위해 기존에 제안된 기법과 시뮬레이션을 통해 성능을 비교평가 하였다. 그 결과, 다중 질의 처리 시 발생하는 에너지 소모가 기존 기법에 비해 약 65% 감소되었다.