• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제33A권6호
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• pp.136-143
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• 1996

A simple analytic model for the planar junctions with multiple foating field limiting rings(FLR) is presented which yields analytic expressions for the breakdown voltage and optimum ring spacings. the normalized potential of each ring is derived as a function of the normalized depletion width and the ring spacing. Based on the assumption that the breakdwon occurs simulataneously at cylindrical junctions of FLR structure where the peak sruface electric fields are equal, the optimum ring spacings are determined. The resutls are in good agreement with the simulations obtained from two dimensional device simulation program MEDICI and with the experimental data reported. The normalized experessions allow a calculation of breakdown voltage and optimum spacing over a broad range of junction depth and background doping levels.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제44권11호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 마이크로스트립 사각 개방 루프 다중 Split Ring 공진기 (OLMSRR)를 이용하여 전압 제어 발진기의 위상 잡음 특성을 줄이기 위한 새로운 구조를 제안하였다. 이러한 특성 실현을 위하여 마이크로스트립 사각 개방 루프의 형태를 갖는 사각 형태의 다중 Split Ring 공진기 (MSRR)에 대하여 연구하였다. 일반적인 마이크로스트립 선로 공진기뿐만 아니라 위상 잡음 특성을 개선하기 위하여 제안된 마이크로스트립 사각 개방 루프 공진기와 마이크로스트립 사각 개방 루프 Split Ring 공진기 (OLSRR)와 비교할 경우에도 마이크로스트립 사각 개방 루프 다중 SRR는 더 큰 결합 계수를 갖으며, 이로 인하여 얻을 수 있는 더 높은 Q 값을 통하여 전압 제어 발진기의 위상 잡음을 줄 일 수 있다. 1.7 V의 공급 전력을 갖는 전압 제어 발진기는 주파수 조절 범위, $5.746\;{\sim}\;5.84\;GHz$에서 $-124.5\;{\sim}\;-122.0\;dBc/Hz$ @ 100 kHz의 위상 잡음 특성을 갖는다. 이 전압제어 발진기의 Figure Of Merit (FOM)은 동일한 주파수 조절 범위에서 $-203.96\;{\sim}\;-201.6\;dBc/Hz$ @ 100 kHz를 갖는다. 기본적인 마이크로스트립 선로 공진기, 마이크로스트립 사각 개방 루프 공진기, 마이크로스트립 사각 개방 루프 SRR를 이용한 전압 제어 발진기와 비교할 경우, 제안된 공진기를 이용한 전압 제어 발진기의 위상 잡음 특성은 각각 25.66 dB, 8.34 dB, 4.5 dB 개선되었다.

• 산업공학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.64-71
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• 1996

In the survivability and simplicity aspect, SONET Self-healing Ring(SHR) is one of the most important schemes for the high-speed telecommunication networks. Since the ring capacity requirement is defined by the largest STS-1 cross-section in the ring, load balancing is the key issue in the design of SONET SHR. Recently, most of the research on load balancing problem have been concentrated on the SONET single-ring case. However, in certain applications, multiple-ring configuration is necessary because of the geographical limitations or the need for extra bandwidth. In this paper, the load balancing problem for SONET dual-ring is considered by assuming symmetric inter-ring demands. We present a linear programming based formulation of the problem. Initial solution and improvement procedures are presented, which solves the routing and interconnection between the two rings for each demand. Computational experiments are performed on various size of networks with randomly generated demand sets. Results show that the proposed algorithm is excellent in both the solution quality and the computational time requirement. The average error bound of the solutions obtained is 0.26% of the optimum.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.199-209
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• 2012

In transport networks, a multi-ring architecture is very useful to facilitate network planning and to design and provide more resilient services for customers. Unlike traditional synchronous optical network multi-rings, the service resiliency of Ethernet-based multi-rings is significantly impacted by the ring hierarchy because a link or node failure in a certain level ring triggers filtering database flush actions in all higher level rings as well as in the ring with the failure, and consequently a large amount of duplicated data frames may be flooded. In this paper, we investigate how the ring hierarchy impacts the service resiliency of multi-ring networks. Based on extensive experiments on various single- and multiple-link failures, we suggest two effective inter-ring connection rules to minimize the transient traffic and to ensure more resilient multi-ring networks. In addition, we consider a flush optimization technique called e-ADV, and show that the combination of e-ADV and multi-ring structures satisfying our inter-ring connection rules results in a more attractive survivability performance.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2009

Tree-ring width analysis has been used to assess the effects of air pollution on tree growth around industrial complexes. Our study was conducted to elucidate the effect of air pollutants on annual ring growth in black pines (Pinus thunbergii) of age 41$\sim$48 years around Ulsan Metropolitan City. The growth data were analyzed by multiple regression and the results are as follows: 1. The annual ring increment of black pines increased with tree age until age 40 years and then decreased gradually after age 40 years. 2. The increment of annual ring width of black pines was affected more by precipitation and evapotranspiration than air temperature. An annual ring decline appeared in the years 1968$\sim$1983, when annual ring indices below zero were observed. Decreased annual ring growth during this period may have been due to air pollution. 3. The heavy metal with the strongest effect on annual ring growth of black pines in the experimental stand was lead (Pb). The concentration of lead in the stand was estimated as over 6 ppm. 4. The technique of tree-ring width analysis may be useful for estimation of the extent of pollution in forest areas near industrial complexes.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1447-1458
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• 2020

This paper describes a structured overlay network scheme based on multiple different time intervals. Many types of data (e.g., sensor data) can be requested at specific time intervals that depend on the user and the system. These queries are referred to as "interval queries." A method for constructing an overlay network that efficiently processes interval queries based on multiple different time intervals is proposed herein. The proposed method assumes a ring topology and assigns nodes to a keyspace based on one-dimensional time information. To reduce the number of forwarded messages for queries, each node constructs shortcut links for each interval that users tend to request. This study confirmed that the proposed method reduces the number of messages needed to process interval queries. The contributions of this study include the clarification of interval queries with specific time intervals; establishment of a structured overlay network scheme based on multiple different time intervals; and experimental verification of the scheme in terms of communication load, delay, and maintenance cost.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2016

A two-dimensional optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) en/decoder composed of four double-ring resonator add/drop filters and three delay waveguides is designed, and a transfer matrix method combined with fast Fourier transform is implemented to provide numerical simulations for the en/decoder. The auto-correlation peak level over the maximum cross-correlation level is larger than 3 at the center of the correctly decoded pulse for most of wavelength hopping and spectral phase code combinations, which assures the BER lower than 10^-3 which corresponds to the forward error correction limit.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 광파장다중화(WDM) 기반 광인터넷 환경에서 논리적인 다중 링 구조에 의한 통신망 복구 기법의 대역폭 효율성을 연구한다. 이 방법은 링 토폴로지의 특성을 이용해 빠르고 간단한 복구 동작을 제공하며, 지역적인 복구를 수행한다. 동시에 다중 링 구성을 통하여 대체 경로의 분산과 공유 정도를 높이고 단위 링크당 예약되어야 하는 예비 광파장의 수를 줄임으로써 전체 통신망 자원 이용의 효율성을 높일 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 위험공유링크그룹(SRLG) 개념을 이용하여 링크 손실을 복구하는데 필요한 예비대역폭 비율을 토폴로지상의 Cut-Set을 이용해 계산하고 이를 실험을 통해 비교 확인하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권11B호
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• pp.663-672
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 WDM 기술을 사용하는 광전달망에서 멀티플-링 구조를 임의의 토폴로지에 적용하는 설계 알고리즘을 제안한다. 특히, ROADM 기반의 노드를 이용하여, 노드 비용 최소화를 목적함수로 갖는 정수선형계획법(ILP)을 제시하고, 선형문제의 복잡성 완화를 위한 휴리스틱 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 설계 알고리즘의 타당성과 성능 측정을 위해, NSFnet 토폴로지의 망 설계 결과를 제시하고, 정적/동적 트래픽 상황 각각에 대해 비용적인 측면과 요청 트래픽 수용 측면에서 그물망 구조와 비교 분석하였다.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2023

In this study, the SCFs in tubular T-joints stiffened with external ring under axial load are studied and discussed. After verification of the present numerical model with the results of several available experimental tests, 156 FE models were generated and analyzed to parametrically evaluate the effect of the joint geometry and the ring geometry on the SCFs. Results indicated that the SCF of the stiffened T-joints at crown point can be down to 24% of the SCF of the corresponding un-reinforced joint at the same point. Also, the effect of the ring on the SCF at saddle point is more remarkable than the effect of the ring on the SCF at crown point. Moreover, against un-reinforced joints under axial load, the SCF at saddle point of the stiffened joint is smaller than the SCF at crown point of that stiffened joint. The ring results in the redistribution of stresses in the ring and metal substrate. Also, the effect of the ring thickness on the decrease of the SCFs is slight and can be ignored. In final step, the geometric parameters affecting the SCFs of the stiffened T-joints are analyzed by multiple nonlinear regression analyses. An accurate formula is proposed for determining the SCFs.