• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2008

It is commonly believed that diseases of human or economic traits of livestock are caused not by single genes acting alone, but multiple genes interacting with one another. This issue is difficult due to the limitations of parametric-statistic methods of gene effects. So we introduce multifactor-dimensionality reduction(MDR) as a methods for reducing the dimensionality of multilocus information. The MDR method is nonparametric (i. e., no hypothesis about the value of a statistical parameter is made), model free (i. e., it assumes no particular inheritance model) and is directly applicable to case-control studies. Application of the MDR method revealed the best model with an interaction effect between the SNPs, SNP1 and SNP3, while only one main effect of SNP1 was statistically significant for LMA (p < 0.01) under a general linear mixed model.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

[ $CD4^+CD25^+$ ] regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing the lineage-specific marker Foxp3 represent an important regulatory T cell that is essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance. Although it was believed that Treg development is solely dependent on the thymus, accumulating evidence demonstrates that Tregs can also be induced in the periphery. Considering the various origins of peripherally developed $CD4^+CD25^+Foxp3^+$ regulatory T cells, it seems likely that multiple factors are involved in the peripheral generation of Tregs.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.210-216
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• 2010

In this study, we propose a novel method to segment an individual tooth region in a true color image. The difference of the intensity in RGB is initially extracted and subsequent morphological reconstruction is applied to minimize the spurious segmentation regions. Multiple seeds in the tooth regions are chosen by searching regional minima and a Sobel-mask edge operations is performed to apply MCWA(Marker-Controlled Watershed Algorithm). As the results of applying MCWA transform for our proposed tooth segmentation algorithm, the individual tooth region can be resolved in a CCD tooth color image.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.7-10
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• 2003

Hypertension is characterized by multiple genetic and environmental factors. To establish the genetic basis of hypertension in Koreans, we investigated the genetic variations of dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) gene in the Korean patients with hypertension and normotensive controls. There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of Bal I RFLP in the DRD3 gene between two groups, respectively (P > 0.05). Our finding shows lack of association between a genetic marker of DRD3 gene and hypertension, suggesting that the genetic variation of DRD3 gene does not playa major role in the determination of hypertension in Korean population. Further studies in other ethnic groups will be required.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.1136-1142
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• 2010

In this study, an efficient removal algorithm for specular reflections in a tooth color image is proposed to minimize the artefact interrupting color image segmentation. The pixel values of RGB color channels are initially reversed to emphasize the features in reflective regions, and then those regions are automatically detected by utilizing perceptron artificial neural network model and those prominent intensities are corrected by applying a smoothing spatial filter. After correcting specular reflection regions, multiple seeds in the tooth candidates are selected to find the regional minima and MCWA(Marker-Controlled Watershed Algorithm) is applied to delineate the individual tooth region in a CCD tooth color image. Therefore, the accuracy in segmentation for separating tooth regions can be drastically improved with removing specular reflections due to the illumination effect.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.125-129
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• 2019

Osteocalcin is the most abundant non-collagenous protein produced in bone. It has traditionally been regarded as a marker of bone turnover and is thought to act in the bone matrix to regulate mineralization. However, emerging knowledge regarding osteocalcin has expanded to include functions in energy metabolism, fertilization, and regulation of cognition. Fully carboxylated osteocalcin binds to hydroxyapatite, thereby modulating bone turnover, whereas undercarboxylated osteocalcin in the circulation binds to osteocalcin-sensing receptors and acts as a hormone that affects multiple physiological aspects. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the hormonal actions of osteocalcin in various organs and potential cellular downstream signaling pathway that may be involved.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2699-2701
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• 2013

The RAS family genes encode small GTP-binding cytoplasmic proteins. Activated KRAS engages multiple effector pathways, notably the RAF-mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and RalGDS pathways. In the clinical field, K-ras oncogene activation is frequently found in human cancers and thus may serve as a potential diagnostic marker for cancer cells in circulation. This mini-review aims to summarise information on Ras-induced oncogenesis and the clinical significance of K-ras.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2015

The immediate early gene c-fos has long been known as a molecular marker of neural activity. The neuron's activity is transformed into intracellular calcium influx through NMDA receptors and L-type voltage sensitive calcium channels. For the transcription of c-fos, neural activity should be strong enough to activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway which shows low calcium sensitivity. Upon translation, the auto-inhibition by Fos protein regulates basal Fos expression. The pattern of external stimuli and the valence of the stimulus to the animal change Fos signal, thus the signal reflects learning and memory aspects. Understanding the features of multiple components regulating Fos signaling is necessary for the optimal generation and interpretation of Fos signal.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.189-193
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• 2011

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are ubiquitous short tandem duplications found within eukaryotic genomes. Their length variability and abundance throughout the genome has led them to be widely used as molecular markers for crop-breeding programs, facilitating the use of marker-assisted selection as well as estimation of genetic population structure. Here, we report a software application, "SSR-Primer Generator " for SSR discovery, SSR-primer design, and homology-based search of in silico amplicons from a DNA sequence dataset. On submission of multiple FASTA-format DNA sequences, those analyses are batch processed in a Java runtime environment (JRE) platform, in a pipeline, and the resulting data are visualized in HTML tabular format. This application will be a useful tool for reducing the time and costs associated with the development and application of SSR markers.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.444-448
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• 2011

In the present study, we separated the marker particles from the suspending particle mixture solution using isotacho-electrophoresis technique, a novel quantitative ionic particle separation method, in the microchannel. A multiple stacking zone of the suspending particle was visualized with variations in electric field strength, pH value and concentration of the ionic solution. In particular, the electrophoretic mobility of ionic particle (fluorescein) was estimated based on the electrophoretic velocity value measured by the particle image velocimetry. As a result, isotacho-electrophoresis zones were clearly visualized as going downstream in the electric field. The particle migration velocity increased proportional to the applied voltage increase; it was also affected by the pH value variations in the ionic solution.