• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2016

Results from multiple high profile experiments on the parameters influencing the impacts that cause skull fractures to the frontal, temporal, and parietal bones were gathered and analyzed. The location of the impact as a binary function of frontal or lateral strike, the velocity, the striking area of the impactor, and the force needed to cause skull fracture in each experiment were subjected to statistical analysis using the JMP statistical software pack. A novel neural network model predicting skull fracture threshold was developed with a high statistical correlation ($R^2=0.978$) and presented in this text. Despite variation within individual studies, the equation herein proposes a 3 kN greater resistance to fracture for the frontal bone when compared to the temporoparietal bones. Additionally, impacts with low velocities (<4.1 m/s) were more prone to cause fracture in the lateral regions of the skull when compared to similar velocity frontal impacts. Conversely, higher velocity impacts (>4.1 m/s) showed a greater frontal sensitivity.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.96-99
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• 1994

Causalgia is a symptom complex usually consisting of burning pain, hyperesthesia and atrophy of the involved extremity. The pain may be aggravated by contact, motion of extremity or emotional excitement. It occurs following incomplete nerve injury. The patient was a 58-year-old male with a 3-year history of causalgic pain of left lower extremity. He had multiple fractures with degloving injury of left lower extremity in an automobile accident. The pain was exacerbated by movement, and he experienced knee joint and ankle joint contracture. The patient's pain decreased after continuous epidural block with 1% lidocaine and 0.25% bupivacaine. He also received lumbar sympathetic ganglion alcohol block resulting in much improvement of level of pain and walking disturbance.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.122-125
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• 2019

A 73-year-old man, who, in an inebriated state, had slipped in a flowerbed and was wounded on the left flank, was transferred to Trauma Center, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine. Based on the chest and abdominopelvic computed tomography, he was diagnosed with multiple rib fractures and hemopneumothorax on the left hemithorax and was found to have a bony fragment in the spleen. He had not presented peritonitis and exsanguinous symptoms during the observation period. Seven days later, computed tomography of the abdomen showed suspected diaphragmatic injury and a retained foreign body in the spleen. On exploration by video assisted thoracoc surgery (VATS), a herniated omentum through the lacerated site of the diaphragm was observed. After omentectomy using Endo Gia, the foreign body in the spleen was observed through the lacerated site of the diaphragm. Traumatic diaphragm rupture with a foreign body, in the spleen, was successfully managed by video assisted thoracic surgery via the lacerated site of the diaphragm.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.68-71
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• 2021

A 37-year-old man was transferred to our level I trauma center after a road traffic accident, presenting with right acetabular fracture, multiple rib fractures, epidural hemorrhage, and liver contusion. Severe traumatic tricuspid regurgitation was also discovered during the work-up for surgery. Our initial attempt at acetabular surgery failed when the patient experienced near cardiac arrest during anesthetic induction. It was hence decided that tricuspid valve repair should precede orthopedic surgery. Minimally invasive tricuspid valve repair using the double orifice technique was successfully performed. Subsequently, acetabular surgery was performed and he was discharged 35 days post-trauma without any complications.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.421-427
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• 2022

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by a clinical triad of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (FD), skin pigmentation, and hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies. A 42-year-old man visited our medical hospital for the treatment of intermittent headaches and was diagnosed with MAS with acromegaly. This patient showed various clinical features of MAS, including pituitary adenoma, polyostotic FD, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The FD lesions showed characteristic radiographic features, such as widespread, sclerotic bony lesions in the cranial bones, mixed radiolucent-radiopaque multilocular lesions in the mandible, and radiolucent lesions in the axial and appendicular skeleton. Over the years, the patient had been hospitalized multiple times due to accidental bony fractures associated with the fragile bony state of FD. This report presents a retrospective description of a case of MAS, with a review of the relevant literature.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.82-86
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• 2023

Intraoperative periprosthetic humeral fractures are a rare but debilitating complication of reverse shoulder arthroplasty and can occur during multiple stages of the procedure. Prior biceps tenodesis has been found to reduce cortical humeral strength and predispose the patient to humeral fracture. We present a case of a 68-year-old female with a previous history of biceps tenodesis due to an irreparable rotator cuff tear. Months later, and after symptoms persisted, a reverse shoulder arthroplasty was performed. During the surgery and while performing final reduction, a fracture line was observed involving the hole used for the previous tenodesis procedure. The fracture was repaired, and the patient reported favorable outcomes. We report several factors that might have contributed to sustenance of this intraoperative fracture including prior biceps tenodesis, use of a press fit humeral stem, and the sex of the patient. Level of evidence: V.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.29.1-29.5
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• 2023

An adult raccoon dog with extensive, deep, and contaminated wounds on the right hip and multiple fractures was rescued. The open wound was managed daily by debridement and flushing for 3 weeks. Modified active drainage was then performed, and antibiotics administered according to the antibiotic susceptibility test. After 2 weeks, the exudate disappeared and the drain was removed. After monitoring for 1 month, the animal was released in to the wild. This case shows that even if infection remains, rapid wound repair is possible if appropriate antibiotic selection through regular examination and active drainage are combined.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.175-178
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• 2005

Fat embolism syndrome is a collection of respiratory, neurological and cutaneous symptoms and signs associated with trauma and other disparate surgical and medical conditions. The incidence of clinical syndrome is low while the embolization of marrow fat appears to be an almost inevitable consequence of long bone fractures. The pathogenesis is a subject of conjecture and controversy. There are two theories which have gained acceptance(mechanical theory, biochemical theory). Onset of symptom is usually within 12 to 72 hours, but may manifest as early as 6 hours to as late as 10 days. The classic triad of fat embolism syndrome involves pulmonary changes, cerebral dysfunction and petechial rash. The cornerstone of treatment is preventing the stress response, hypovolemia and hypoxia and operative stabilization of fractures. Corticosteroid are the only drugs which have repeatedly shown a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of fat embolism syndrome. We report a case of post-traumatic fat embolism syndrome with severe cerebral involvement without respiratory distress. A 55 years old female had a traffic accident. She sustained pelvic bone fracture and both humerus fracture. Approximately 4 hours after the accident, mental status change developed without a focal neurologic deficits. She had no respiratory symptom and sign. Her brain MRI showed multiple cerebral fat embolism lesion. The patients received supportive treatment with corticosteroid, albumin. Her neurologic status stabilized over several days. After orthopedic surgery, she was discharged 62 days after admission.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.68-71
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report the results of culture test at the time of removal of metal devices used for management of ankle fractures and for analysis of contributing factors. Materials and Methods: We reviewed medical records of 132 patients with lower tibia and ankle fracture who had their metal devices removed during the period from January 2010 to February 2014. Patients with clinical signs of infection were excluded. Culture test was performed by taking the granulation tissue around the metal device at the time of removal. We divided the subjects into two groups, culture positive and negative. We then performed a retrospective review of each medical record of multiple factors that might contribute to the culture results, including laboratory results, medical history, material and size of metal device, indwelling period, and whether or not it was open injury. Results: Among 132 cases, six were culture positive. Enterococcus was detected in two cases and the others were Staphylococcus. No significant difference in medical history of patients and laboratory results, including C-reactive protein level, was observed between the culture positive and negative group. Culture positive rate was 5.4% in titanium and 3.9% in stainless steel. In terms of metal size, culture positive rate was 5.1% in small plates, 6.7% in large plates, and culture negative in intramedullary nails. The average indwelling period of metal device was 61.5 weeks in the culture positive group, and 68.6 weeks in the negative group. Nine cases were open fractures and all were in the culture negative group. Conclusion: Whether or not the culture result was positive, there were no meaningful contributing factors. Presence of bacterium on the metal device could not be screened by any laboratory results or other factors.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 2010

A 2-year-old female Pomeranian dog was referred with multiple pelvic fractures. The surgical correction was performed for the fractures. However, after the surgery, purulent exudation was occurred in the surgical site. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that the isolated bacteria are resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, quinolones, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Bacterial identification and extended-spectrum $\beta$-lactamase (ESBL) confirming test indicated that the isolated bacteriae is ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and maximum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests revealed that meropenem, one of carbapenems, is the only effective antibiotic. The patient was treated with meropenem for 5 days. After 10 days, the exudation was disappeared and the infection was cured. The molecular typing of the ESBL revealed that TEM-1 ESBL is present in the bacteria isolated from the patient. The bacteria isolated from the owner's palm also revealed that TEM-1 and SHV-1 ESBLs are present.