• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.6.1-6.15
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• 2023

Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are occupational and environmental pollutants generated by the incomplete combustion of organic matter. Exposure to PAHs can occur in various occupations. In this study, we compared PAH exposure levels among occupations based on 4 urinary PAH metabolites in a Korean adult population. Methods: The evaluation of occupational exposure to PAHs was conducted using Second Korean National Environmental Health Survey data. The occupational groups were classified based on skill types. Four urinary PAH metabolites were used to evaluate PAH exposure: 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 2-naphthol (2-NAP), 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (1-OHPHE), and 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFLU). The fraction exceeding the third quartile of urinary concentration for each PAH metabolite was assessed for each occupational group. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for exceeding the third quartile of urinary PAH metabolite concentration were calculated for each occupational group compared to the "business, administrative, clerical, financial, and insurance" group using multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: The "guard and security" (OR: 2.949; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.300-6.691), "driving and transportation" (OR: 2.487; 95% CI: 1.418-4.364), "construction and mining" (OR: 2.683; 95% CI: 1.547-4.655), and "agriculture, forestry, and fisheries" (OR: 1.973; 95% CI: 1.220-3.191) groups had significantly higher ORs for 1-OHP compared to the reference group. No group showed significantly higher ORs than the reference group for 2-NAP. The groups with significantly higher ORs for 1-OHPHE than the reference group were "cooking and food service" (OR: 2.073; 95% CI: 1.208-3.556), "driving and transportation" (OR: 1.724; 95% CI: 1.059-2.808), and "printing, wood, and craft manufacturing" (OR: 2.255; 95% CI: 1.022-4.974). The OR for 2-OHFLU was significantly higher in the "printing, wood, and craft manufacturing" group (OR: 3.109; 95% CI: 1.335-7.241) than in the reference group. Conclusions: The types and levels of PAH exposure differed among occupational groups in a Korean adult population.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.360-368
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• 2022

PURPOSE. This study assessed the physical and mechanical properties of interim crown materials fabricated using various digital techniques after accelerated aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three groups of interim dental restorative materials (N = 20) were tested. The first group (CO) was fabricated using a conventional manual method. The second group (ML) was prepared from prefabricated resin blocks for the milling method and cut into specimen sizes using a cutting disc. The third group (3D) was additively manufactured using a digital light-processing (DLP) 3D printer. Aging acceleration treatments using toothbrushing and thermocycling simulators were applied to half of the specimens corresponding to three years of usage in the oral environment (N = 10). Surface roughness (Ra), Vickers microhardness, 3-point bending, sorption, and solubility tests were performed. A 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher's multiple comparison test were used to compare the results among the groups. RESULTS. The mean surface roughness (Ra) of the resin after accelerated aging was significantly higher in the CO and ML groups than that before aging, but not in the 3D group. All groups showed reduced hardness after accelerated aging. The flexural strength values were highest in the 3D group, followed by the ML and CO groups after accelerated aging. Accelerated aging significantly reduced water sorption in the ML group. CONCLUSION. According to the tested material and 3D printer type, both 3D-printed and milled interim restoration resins showed higher flexural strength and modulus, and lower surface roughness than those prepared by the conventional method after accelerated aging.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2022

총의치는 무치악 환자의 치료에 있어 가장 기본적인 치료방법 중 하나이다. 전통적인 총의치의 제작과정은 예비인상 채득, 최종 인상 채득, 악간관계 채득, 납의치 시적, 의치 장착의 단계를 거치게 된다. 여러 번의 내원 과정과 복잡한 기공 과정이 필요하며, 각 단계별로 오차가 발생할 수 있다. 최근 디지털 기술이 발전함에 따라 총의치 치료과정에도 디지털 기술이 도입되고 있으며, CAD를 이용해 더 정밀한 작업이 가능하며 기공 시간을 단축시키는 것을 물론 환자의 내원 횟수도 줄일 수 있다. 본 증례에서는 디지털 방식을 활용하여 환자의 기존 의치의 전치 배열을 최종 의치로 이행하였다. 3D 프린터를 이용해 시적 의치를 제작하여 환자에게 시적하여 구순 지지도와 전치부 배열을 포함한 심미성 및 구강내 유지력을 평가 후 최종 의치 제작하였다. Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing 기술을 활용하여 내원 횟수를 줄이는 동시에, 만족할 만한 의치의 유지력 및 안정성을 얻었으며 심미적인 회복을 이루었기에 본 증례를 보고하고자 한다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

목적: 본 연구는 다양한 색소에 침전된 Dentca 3D 프린팅 인공치의 색 안정성을 4가지 전통적인 인공치와 비교하여 평가하기 위함이다. 재료 및 방법: 4가지 전통적인 기성 인공치(Surpass, GC, Artic 6, Heraeus Kulzer, Premium 6, Heraeus Kulzer, Preference, Candulor), 3D 프린팅 인공치(Dentca), 그리고 Z250 (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE)이 실험을 위하여 준비되었다. 시편은 37℃에서 에리스로신 3% 용액, 커피, 콜라, 그리고 증류수에 침전되었다. 색 변화량(ΔE)은 침전 전, 침전 7,14,21일 후에 분광광도계로 측정되었다. Tukey's honestly significant difference 다중 비교를 이용한 일원분산분석을 시행하였다(P < .05). 결과: 대부분의 케이스에서 Dentca 인공치와 전통적인 인공치 사이의 색 변화량은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다 (P > .05). Dentca는 에리스로신 3% 용액에 침전된 1주 뒤의 Surpass (ΔE = 0.67 ± 0.25), 2주 뒤의 Artic 6 (ΔE = 1.44 ± 0.38), Premium 6 (ΔE = 1.69 ± 0.35), 그리고 3주 뒤의 Surpass (ΔE = 1.79 ± 0.49), Artic 6 (ΔE = 2.07 ± 0.21), Premium 6 (ΔE = 2.03 ± 0.75), Preference (ΔE = 2.01 ± 0.75)와 비교했을 때 더 많은 색 변화를 보였다 (P < .05). 결론: 일부 색소에 침전된 Dentca 인공치에서 색 변화가 관찰되었으나, ΔE의 최대값은 임상적으로 받아들일 수 있는 범위 내에서 관찰되었다.