• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.230-238
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• 1993

To develop multifunctional microorganisms for effective wastewater treatment, the cell of P. aeruginosa P1 enable to accumulate lead in its cell were conjugated with the cell of P. fluorescens S1 enable to degrade efficiently synthetic detergents. The plasmids of the P. aeruginosa P1 and the P. fluorescens S1 were found in the cell of the conjugants when determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. The conjugants obtained from P. fluorescens S1 as a recipient cell and P. aeruginosa P1 as a donor cell possessed the ability to degrade synthetic detergents as well as to accumulate lead.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.413-439
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• 2009

This study conducts a survey and test to understand U.S. public's perception about multifunctionality. The questionnaire suggests seven alternative way of providing questions about intangible benefits provided by agriculture in the U.S. The final questionnaire was administered as an e-mail survey in June 2008 to a nationally representative household panel maintained in the U.S. by the Ipsos Observer. Data analysis shows that 64 percent of respondents considered the multifunctionality of agriculiture as an important issue and 45 percent of respondents were in favor of increasing government expenditure to support farmland preservation. Using Fishbein's multi-attribute model as a theoretical background, this paper develops an empirical model to assess and attributes of multifunctionality. For the analysis, bivariate orderd probit model was set up to reflect respondent's attitude. Regression analyses show that two questions (how much you agree with agriculture's intangible benefit and increasing government expenditure to support agriculture) are shaped by different sets of facts.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.435-461
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• 2011

This study was conducted field surveys and theoretical discussion whether small farmers thinks there are economics of scope in small organically grown cropslivestock farming cycling system. The discussions are summarized as follows. At the end of October 2011, the cycling agriculture farms are only a total of 15 farmers, 0.1% of total organic farms in Korea. The FMD disease, FTA, family farm structure, the importance of animal health and welfare, agricultural cycles, when considering the valuation of the multifunctionality, alternative agriculture is small farming cycling system. Organic agriculture is a 'cooperation-cycling-family farm' in the interaction it is important to understand. The two groups were surveyed. Group 1 is 6 farmers who practicing cycling farming system, and Group 2 is the 33 farmers who wish to cycling farming system. Interview survey and the survey results was obtained as follows. First, We find that there are strong economies of scope, due to a decreased costs have increased net profit. Second, the multifunctional values is realized also cycling farming system. Third, but some certification standards leads to high transaction cost. Thus, a small family farm who wishing to target organic livestock certification standards need to improve.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.103-114
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the value perception changes of early adolescents, who are from 5th grades to 7th grades regarding to agriculture and rural communities through debate education. Since current education policy to educate agricultural value is limited in solving stereotypes and acquiring abundant relevant knowledge about agricultural values, this study tried to test the effect of debate education for the change of value perception of early adolescents about agriculture and rural communities. Through the two weeks of a debate education course, the differences of perception changes between the experimental group and control group were analyzed. As a result, education on agriculture and rural communities through debate has a great influence on the change of value perception and thus, it could be used as a supplementary educational method for literacy education and field trip learning. Lastly, limitations and implications for the study is discussed.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2004

Foods contain various biologically functional components which contribute to our health. As shown in Table 1, bioregulatory function of food components are classified into five categories. In the enhancement of biodefense system, dietary fibers (DF), unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), antioxidants are effective. These components are also, effective in other categories. This means that food components are multifunctional. To maintain our health, effective use of multi-functional activity of food components is essential. (omitted)

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2012

Black light traps were used to measure the seasonal and geographical distribution of Culicoides spp. (biting midges or no-see-ums) at 9 cowsheds in the southern half of the Republic of Korea (ROK) from June through October 2010. A total of 25,242 Culicoides females (24,852; 98.5%) and males (390; 1.5%) comprising of 9 species were collected. The most commonly collected species was Culicoides punctatus (73.0%) followed by C. arakawae (25.7%), while the remaining 7 species accounted for <1.0% of all Culicoides spp. collected. The mean number of Culicoides spp. collected per trap night (Trap Index [TI]) was highest for C. punctatus (409.3), followed by C. arakawae (144.2), C. tainanus (4.1), C. oxystoma (1.2), C. circumscriptus (0.7), C. homotomus (0.6), C. erairai (0.4), C. kibunensis (0.3), and C. nipponensis (0.04). Peak TIs were observed for C. punctatus (1,188.7) and C. arakawae (539.0) during July and August, respectively. C. punctatus and C. arakawae have been implicated in the transmission of arboviruses and other pathogens of veterinar importance that adversely impact on animal and bird husbandry.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.65-67
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• 2010

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional intercellular organelle in which several posttranslational modification steps occurred such as protein folding, lipid biosynthesis, calcium storage and release. Perturbations that disrupt ER homeostasis lead to the misfolding of proteins in the ER lumen and up-regulation of ER signaling pathway called the unfolded protein response (UPR). Here, we have demonstrated that ageing changes the expression of ER chaperone and associated ER membrane kinases of IRE1, ATF6 and PERK.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.243-252
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• 2014

This study strengthens importance of farm land has possessed rurality. Thus the amenities of farm village were offered to the symbolical attributes of rurality and it was extracted four amenities attributes for valuing the amenities. Possessing the importance of rurality for agricultural and rural development and rural tourism evaluated each attribute by Choice Experiment(CE) for sustainable development make full use of rurality. Applying for Conditional-Logit model estimated the value of attributes then consumer's benefit feeling form each attributes was offered to the value of a unit change. Through this study, I wish to apply for the direction of rural development as important material and the compensation in the operation of agricultural output offering social benefit as political reference materials.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.463-481
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• 2022

Phosphorous (P) is considered to be one of the key essential elements demanded by crop plants. Approximately 70 - 90% of phosphatic fertilizers applied to crops are fixed in soil as Ca, Fe, and Al metal cations, which are insoluble and thus not readily available for plant uptake. Therefore, most soils are deficient in plant available P. This is usually rectified by applying phosphate fertilizers continuously, although this is not economically viable or environmentally acceptable. The present paper reviews the mechanisms involved with phosphate solubilization and mineralization by phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) with the associated factors that determine the success. PSMs are effectively involved in mediating the bioavailability of soil P. Their contribution includes mineralization of organic P solubilization of inorganic P minerals, and storing sizable amounts of P in biomass through different mechanisms such as the production of organic and inorganic acids, H₂S, siderophores, exopolysaccharides, and production of enzymes such as phosphatases, phytase, and phosphonatases/C-P lyases, which are capable of chelating the metal ions, forming complexes, and making plant available P. PSMs manifest a wide range of metabolic functions in different environments, resulting in significantly higher plant growth, enhanced soil properties, and increased biological activities. Therefore, development of bio-inoculants with efficient novel PSM strains and further investigations on exploring such strains from diverse ecological niches with multifunctional plant-growth-promoting traits are needed.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2012

We previously reported that the truncated Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase protein exhibits multifunctional activities, including cellulase, xylanase, and lichenase. DNA shuffling of the truncated Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ enzyme was performed to enhance the enzymatic activity of the multifunctional ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase. Two mutant enzymes, M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ that carries one mutation (P438A) and M21Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ that carries two mutations (A273T and P438A) were obtained. The enzymatic activity of the M21Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ double mutant was lower than enzymatic activity of the single mutant (M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$). However, both mutants displayed the enhancements in their enzyme activities that were ${\approx}1.3$- to 2.2-fold higher than the original enzymatic activity in Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$. In particular, the mutant M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ exhibited an approximate 1.5- to 2.2-fold increase in the cellulase, xylanase, and lichenase activities in comparison with the control (Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$). The optimum cellulase, linchenase, and xylanase activities of ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase were observed at pH 7.0, pH 7.0 and pH 6.0, respectively. These results, therefore, suggest that the amino acid residue Ala438 plays important roles in the enhancement of the activity of multifunctional ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase.