• Title/Summary/Keyword: Multidisciplinary approach

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Deciphering the Genetic Code in the RNA Tie Club: Observations on Multidisciplinary Research and a Common Research Agenda (RNA 타이 클럽의 유전암호 해독 연구: 다학제 협동연구와 공동의 연구의제에 관한 고찰)

  • Kim, Bong-kook
    • Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.71-115
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    • 2017
  • In 1953, theoretical physicist George Gamow attempted to explain the process of protein synthesis by hypothesizing that the base sequence of DNA encodes a protein's amino acid sequence and, in response, proposed the nucleic acid-protein information transfer model, which he dubbed the "diamond code." After expressing interest in discussing the daring hypothesis, contemporary biologists, including James Watson, Francis Crick, Sydney Brenner, and Gunther Stent, were soon invited to join the RNA Tie Club, an informal research group that would also count biologists and various researchers in physics, mathematics, and computer engineering among its members. In examining the club's formation, growth, and decline in multidisciplinary research on deciphering the genetic code in the 1950s, this paper first investigates whether Gamow's idiosyncratic approach could be adopted as a collaborative research forum among contemporary biologists. Second, it explores how the RNA Tie Club's research agenda could have been expanded to other relevant research topics needing multidisciplinary approach? Third, it asks why and how the RNA Tie Club dissolved in the late 1950s. In answering those questions, this paper shows that analyses on the intersymbol correlation of the overlapping code functioned to integrate diverse approaches, including sequence decoding and statistical analysis, in research on the genetic code. As those analyses reveal, the peculiar approaches of the RNA Tie Club could be regarded as a useful method for biological research. The paper also concludes that the RNA Tie Club dissolved in the late 1950s due to the disappearance of the collaborative research agenda when the overlapping code hypothesis was abandoned.

The Effect of a Multidisciplinary Team Approach on the Rehabilitation of Stroke Survivors (뇌졸중 환자를 위한 팀접근 재활프로그램의 효과)

  • Cho, Bok-Hee
    • The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.137-151
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to develop a multidisciplinary team approach program for stroke survivors, and to identify its effects on their rehabilitation. The team was composed of 7 members: a rehabilitation nurse, a physician, a physical therapist, an occupational therapist, a therapeutic recreational therapist, a nutritionist, and a researcher. A quasi-experimental study was performed with 36 subjects: 18 in the experimental group and 18 in the control group, using a noneqivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The experimental group participated 4 times in rehabilitation programsfocused on information and emotional support provided by the rehabilation team-and received telephone counseling from the researcher. The control group did not receive any treatment. The selection criteria for the subjects in this study were: (a) patients who were diagnosed as having had an ischemic stroke within the last year, (b) patients free of any communication disorder, (c) and those having a primary caregiver who could assist in filling out the form assessing the level of ADL. The data were collected from patients who had been discharged from a tertiary hospital, between October 1st, 1999 and September 30th, 2000. The data were analysed by $X^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, ANCOVA, Wilcoxon's rank sum test, and Wilcoxon's signed rank test using an SAS program. The results were as follows: 1. In terms of physical variables (blood pressure, grasp power, and ADL) 1) There was a significant difference in blood pressure between the two groups (systolic pressure P= .012, diastolic pressure P= .050). 2) There was also a significant difference in grasp power between the two groups (affected side : P= .012, unaffected side : P= .010). 3) There was no significant change in the level of ADL between the two groups. 2. In terms of psychosocial variables (depression, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and social activities) 1) There were no significant differences between the two groups. However, all four psychosocial variables showed a tendency to improve in the experimental group, while only two variables (depression and self-efficacy) showed a simalar tendency in the control group. 2) The level of social activities in the control group decreased significantly after a month (P= .050). 3. The level of life satisfaction improved in both groups, but no significant difference was found. Stroke has high recurrence rate and requires considerable follow-up care. The program used in this study was developed and designed for stimulting the rehabilitation process of stroke survivors. Through the program period of one month (meetings were held weekly), a positive effect was detected in physical variables, although the psychosocial variables did not improve significantly. In retrospect, a one month period may not be an adequate length of time to improve the psychosocial variables, as the stroke survivors were complicated cases, and most of them were elderly. Further research is therefore recommended by increasing the length of program, so that its effect can be more noticeable.

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The Biological Approach of Chronic Pain (만성동통에 대한 정신시체의학적 접근 -생물학적 접근-)

  • Oh, Byoung-Hoon
    • Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.91-97
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    • 1995
  • Pain is a complex symptom consisting of a sensation underlying potenial disease and associated emotional state. Acute pain is a reflex biological response to injury, in contrast, chronic pain consists of pain of a mininum of 6 months duration and associates with physical, emotional past experience, economic resources of the patient, family and society. Moreover, chronic pain is characterized by physiological affective and behavioral responses that are quite different than those of acute pain. The different type of stimuli exciting pain receptor are mechanical, thermal and chemical stimli and chronic pain are concerned with three of all stimli. The major three components of pain central(Analgesia) system in the brain and spinal cord are 'periaqueductal gray area of the mesencephalon', 'the raphe magnus nucleus' and 'pain inhibitory complex located in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord'. But unfortunately, the central biochemical mechanisms of chronic pain are not clearly defined. To proper management of chronic pain, comprehensive urderstanding as a psychosomatic aspect and multidisciplinary therapeuti-team approach must be emphasized.

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Perspectives on Agricultural Concerns and Rural Community Development : A Qualitative Approach for Distribution Dimention (농업 ${\cdot}$ 농촌 지역사회개발에 대한 관점)

  • Shin, Yun-Ho
    • Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.91-96
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    • 1997
  • 미래사회의 농업-농촌은 다양성과 복합성을 지닌 도시화된 형태로의 변화를 예견해 볼 수 있다. 이는 인력개발, 기술개발, 시설개발, 문화개발 및 환경개발 및 환경개발 등 그 영역과 요구 또한 구체화되고 다양화되는 추세에 비추어 볼 수 있다. 이 연구는 연구자의 관점(qualitative approach)에서 농업-농촌사회 개발 전문가들의 개발 진행과 그 영역들은 무엇이며 어느 영역들에 개발비중을 두었는 지를 알아 보는 데 있었다. 11명의 농업 및 농촌 지역 개발 전문가들의 개발관점은 그 중요성과 영역의 다양성에서 공통점과 차이점이 있었다. 즉, 인력개발과 경제개발 영역에서 공통점으로 보였으며, 환경영역 및 문화영역에서 다소의 차이가 있었다. 이제 농업-농촌개발은 "instead of"의 개발접근이 지양되면서 "as well as"의 다각적 접근(multidisciplinary approach)이어야 한다. 또한, 개발의 개념은 성장(growth)이 아닌 유지(keeping)와 진행(process)의 차원에서 이해되어야 한다.

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Analysis of Asthma Patient Nursing Process Based on the Systems Thinking of Nursing Students (간호대학생들의 시스템 사고 기반 천식환자 간호과정 분석)

  • Kim, Hyeon-Young;Oh, Hyun SuK;Yun, Eun Kyoung
    • Korean System Dynamics Review
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.55-69
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze nursing students' proficiency with ST(Systems Thinking) approach concerning asthma patient nursing process. For this study, 20 nursing students created causality cognitive maps which were consisted of the contents of 'asthma nursing care'. The word association and causality cognitive map were used to estimate ability of the ST. As a result, the students failed to understand the nursing process with the ST approach, or alternatively they applied low level ST approach and had a lower understanding of it. The findings of this study suggest that the development of a ST-based nursing educational program in order for nursing students to improve their ST ability as well as knowledge integration for multidisciplinary practice.

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The Effect of Trauma Team Approach on the Management of Hemodynamically Unstable Pelvic Bone Fracture: Retrospective Comparative study

  • Cho, Won-Tae;Cho, Jae-Woo;Kim, Jinil;Kim, Jin-Kak;Oh, Jong-Keon;Kim, Hak Jun;Kim, Namryeol;Cho, Jun-Min
    • Journal of Trauma and Injury
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.139-145
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: The major pelvic trauma results in high mortality with associated fatal other injuries. During early stage of resuscitation, multidisciplinary approach is essential to improve the survival and outcomes. This study aims to report the effect and positive outcome of the trauma team approach on the management of hemodynamically unstable pelvic bone fracture. Methods: This retrospective review included all patients with hemodynamically unstable pelvic bone fracture admitted between March 2007 and December 2015. Patients were divided into group A, which comprised those admitted before the trauma team approach was started, and group B, which comprised those admitted after the approach was started. The advanced trauma life support protocol was followed for all patient. The comparisons between the two groups were based on medical records. Study variables included demographics, initial vital sign, injury severity score, fracture type, and injury mechanism. We analyzed the outcomes in each group with respect to the time interval for doctors' arrival, total length of stay in the emergency department (ED), time interval for computed tomography evaluation, 24-hour mortality, time interval for definitive fixation, and definitive fixation in the time-window of opportunity. Results: Fifty-three patients met the inclusion criteria. No statistically significant differences in demographic data existed between the two groups. The time interval for doctors' arrival (min, $63.09{\pm}50.48$ vs $21.48{\pm}17.75$; p=0.038) and total length of stay in the ED (min, $269.33{\pm}105.96$ vs $115.49{\pm}56.24$; p=0.023) were significantly improved. The 24-hour mortality was not significantly different between the two groups.(%, 14.3 vs 12.0; p=1.000) However, the time interval for definitive fixation and definitive fixation in the time-window of opportunity showed better results. Conclusion: The trauma team approach has positive effects, which include initial resuscitation through multidisciplinary approach and shortening the time interval to definitive fixation, on the management of hemodynamically unstable pelvic bone fracture.

Post discharge care of prematurity (미숙아의 퇴원 후 관리)

  • Yoon, Hye Sun
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.50 no.1
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    • pp.14-19
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    • 2007
  • Advances in neonatal care have been responsible for the improved survival of prematurity but have not resulted in decreased morbidity. Once the high-risk infants is discharged from the hospital, his or her many special care needs do not cease. A well-coordinated multidisciplinary approach is essential in the follow-up care of these infants. Special attention must be given to their growth and nutrition, immunization, vision and hearing, and sequelae of illnesses experienced during the neonatal period. The role of pediatrician in helping these infants attain their full physical, neurodevelopmental, emotional, and psychosocial potential by providing optimal care is invaluable.

Optimal Design of Straight Noise Barriers Using Genetic Algorithm (유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 직선 방음벽의 최적 설계)

  • 하지형;최태묵;조대승
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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    • 2001.11a
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    • pp.127-132
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    • 2001
  • A successful design approach for noise barriers should be multidisciplinary because noise reduction goals influence both acoustical and non-acoustical considerations, such as maintenance, safety, physical construction, cost, and visual impact. These various barrier design options are closely related with barrier dimensions. In this study, we have proposed an optimal design method of straight noise barriers using genetic algorithm, providing a barrier having the smallest dimension and achieving the specified noise reduction at a receiver region exposed to the industry and traffic noise, to help a successful barrier design.

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High stakes anesthesia: Anesthetic considerations and implications for complete dental extraction in a patient with complex comorbidities

  • Panchamia, Rohan K.;Samuels, Jon D.
    • Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.167-173
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    • 2019
  • This case report describes a frail, middle-aged woman with multiple comorbidities who was scheduled to undergo extraction of all remaining teeth in anticipation of cardiac quadruple valve intervention. Dental and anesthetic management of the patient are discussed. Medical care of the patient with a high burden of comorbidities requires a multidisciplinary approach even for a routine dental procedure.