• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.235-253
• /
• 2011

The annual variation of mesozooplankton community in the Jangmok harbor of Jinhae Bay was studied in relation to environmental variables. Sampling was carried out weekly from January to December 2009. During the study periods, mesozooplankton community consisted of 44 taxa and the annual mean abundance was 8308 inds. $m^{-3}$. The maximum abundance was observed to be 50043 inds. $m^{-3}$ in August and the minimum in April with 1013 inds. $m^{-3}$. Of these, Penilia avirostris, cirripedia larvae, Evadne tergestina, Acartia omorii, Oikopleura s, Paracalanus parvus s. l., Eurytemora pacifica, Podon s, Oithona s, and Acartia steueri were observed as dominant species in Jangmok bay and they also contributed to 79% of total mesozooplankton. According to non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and cluster analysis based on the mesozooplankton community data from each season, the community was divided into three groups. The first group included appearence species in winter and spring season, which is mainly dominated the copepod such as A. omorii and E. pacifica. The second and third group was composed with observed species in summer and autumn, respectively. Based on the SIMPER (similarity percentages), P. avirostris in summer and cirripedia larvae in autumn were significantly dominated. Our results indicate that although the mesozooplankton abundances in Jangmok harbor fluctuated abruptly, its annual variation was strongly influenced by water temperature.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.123-134
• /
• 2007

Distribution patterns of sandy bottom macrobenthic communities were studied around the Hupo coastal area. The seasonal surveys were conducted at 15 chosen sites within a depth range of 10 to 50 m along 10 km of the coastline using a Smith-McIntyre grab $(0.05\;m^2)$ in 2005. Overall depth distribution following the direction of the offshore become deeper parallel to the coastline. A total of 319 macrobenthic species were sampled with a mean density of $1,972\;ind./m^2$, and mean biomass was 82.5 wet-weight $g/m^2$. The major individual-dominant species were three polychaetes Spiophanes bombyx ($436\;ind./m^2$), Scoletoma longifolia ($250\;ind./m^2$) and Magelona japonica ($170\;ind./m^2$), and bivalve Adontorhina subquadrata ($73\;ind./m^2$). Cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis based on Bray-Curtis similarity identified 2 major station groups which corresponded to macrobenthic faunal assemblages and their characteristic species. In addition, environmental conditions were significantly different between station groups. Group I contained mostly 20 and 50 m deep sites and was associated with sandy mud. Group I was characterized by high abundance of S. bombyx, S. longifolia, A. subquadrata. It was divided into two sub-groups (I-I and I-II) in relation to depth. Sub-group I-I was associated with deeper sites than sub-group I-II. Group II included mostly inshore area shallower than 15 m and was associated with coarse and medium sand. Group II was characterized by Lumbrinerides hayashii and Urothoe grimaldii japonica.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.313-323
• /
• 2007

Purpose: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with cardiovascular disease in Korea has rarely been studied, mostly due to the lack of a psychometrically validated disease-specific instrument. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a cardiovascular specific-HRQOL questionnaire (CD-QOL). Method: The CD-QOL was developed and validated as follows; item generation, pilot study, and psychometric tests. Patients were recruited from three-university hospitals. The patients were asked to complete the preliminary questionnaire comprising the content-validated items, SF-36, and CES-D. The NYHA and KASI classifications were used to classify the functional performance of the patients. The data was analyzed using correlation, factor analysis, multidimensional scaling, multitrait/multi-item matrix, ANOVA, and Cronbach's alpha. Result: Preliminarily, thirty-nine items were generated. Factor analysisextracted a five-factor solution with a total of twenty-two items. One item was deleted based upon the MDS. The remaining items were moderately correlated with the subscales of the SF-36 and associated with depression measured with the CES-D. The mean scores of patients in NYHA and KASI class I were significantly higher than those in NYHA and KASI class II or/and III, which suggested patients with better functional performance were likely to have a better HRQOL. Cronbach's alphas of the total and subscales were all greater than 0.70. Conclusion: The CD-QOL is a easily applicable instrument with excellent psychometric properties of content, criterion, factorial, convergent, and known-groups validity, and internal consistency reliability in Korean patients with cardiovascular disease.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.411-426
• /
• 2010

남해 연안에 출현하는 동물플랑크톤 군집의 계절 변화와 주요 분류군의 변동 양상을 파악하기 위해 2005년 5월부터 2006월 2월까지 사계절 동안 실시하였다. 사계절 동안 출현한 동물플랑크톤은 전체 74개 분류군이 출현하였고, 평균 출현 개체수는 2,426~23,793 indiv./$m^3$ 범위였으며, 이 중 N. scintillans가 가장 우점하는 분류군이었다. 동물플랑크톤 주요 분류군은 N. scintillans, A. omorii, A. erythraea, P. parvus s. l, 십각류 유생, Aidanosagitta crassa, 따개비 유생으로 나타났다. 여름철의 동물플랑크톤의 종 다양성 지수는 내만 해역에서 주로 높게 나타났으며, 가을철에 외만에 위치하는 조사해역에서 낮게 나타났다. 이것은 남해 연안의 동물플랑크톤 출현 개체수 변동이 계절에 따른 수온, 염분과 엽록소-a 농도, N. scintillans의 대량 증식에 따라서 변동할 수 있으며, 또한 계절에 따른 대마난류의 세력확장에 따라서 조절될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.594-602
• /
• 2020

지형과 고도가 논둑에 서식하는 토양성거미의 군집과 다양성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 지형의 영향평가를 위해 벼재배기에 산간지와 평야지에서 비교한 결과 거미의 군집구조가 달랐으며 발생밀도는 산간지보다 평야지에서 높았다. 늑대거미과가 가장 우점하였으며 이사고늑대거미(P. isago)의 발생밀도는 산간지보다 평야지에서 높았다. 거미군집의 발생은 국지(100 km²) 및 지역(1,000 km²) 범위에서 유사하였다. 고도의 영향과 관련하여 휴한기에 지형이 유사한 장수와 정읍 지역을 비교한 결과 발생밀도는 지역 간 차이가 없었으나, 긴마디늑대거미속(Pardosa spp.) 3종의 발생밀도는 정읍에서 높았다. 이러한 결과는 지형과 고도가 군집 수준에서 토양성 논거미의 다양성지수에 미치는 영향은 크지 않으나, 종 수준에서 논에 의존적인 늑대거미과의 우점종에 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제55권2호
• /
• pp.154-170
• /
• 2022

The zooplankton composition, abundance, community structure, and species diversity in the major commercial fishery species spawning grounds in the southern coast of Korea were investigated in this study. A total of 80 taxa were sampled, with the mean abundance range of 5,612-11,720 ind. m^-3 and the mean biomass range of 41.6-1,086.8 mg m^-3. The dominant species were Paracalanus copepodites, Paracalanus parvus s. l., Oithona copepodites, Paracalanus nauplii, Noctiluca scintillans, Oithona similis, and Ditrichocorycaeus affinis. The species diversity indices were highest in August, suggesting that diversity is influenced by neritic and oceanic warm-water species. A cluster analysis with non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) revealed three groups of zooplankton communities. The April and May samples clustered into Group A, having the highest mean total zooplankton abundance and lowest species diversity, consisting mainly of temperate species located in the middle region of the southern coast of Korea. Cluster Group B was from the early summer season (June) and contained the highest species diversity with some oceanic and neritic zooplankton species. Cluster Group C from the summer season (July and August) mainly comprised P. parvus s. l. and O. similis. The redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that abundance is positively correlated with salinity, and chlorophyll-a concentrations.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.181-193
• /
• 2023

Distribution changes in microalgae communities were studied in the Nakdonggang River at two sampling stations (St.1 Gyeongcheongyo Bridge (GB) and St.2 Daedong Wharf (DW)) at monthly intervals from January 2021 to November 2021. A total of 83 taxa included 82 species, 1 forma, belonging to 49 genera, 32 families, 21 orders, and 8 classes. The most important groups were Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta. The number of species ranged from 5 to 24 in GB, and from 9 to 21 taxa in DW. The contribution of Bacillariophyta to the total species richness was the highest during all survey periods, and Chlorophyta yielded the next highest value in the study area. The dominant taxa were Aulacoseira ambigua, A. ambigua f. japonica, and Ulnaria acus in this study. Cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis based on Bray- Curtis similarity identified 4 major groups, which corresponded to microalgae assemblages and their characteristic species. Correlation was analyzed through the CCA analysis. It was found that there was a correlation between the microalgae and environmental factors. It was revealed that the divided groups were distinguished because of the differences by the survey period. Therefore, seasonal change was judged as a major factor affecting the distribution of microalgae communities.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.25-53
• /
• 2013

국내 커피전문점 시장은 지난 1999년 스타벅스가 매장을 개설한 시점으로부터 10여년 이상의 시간이 경과하면서 양적으로도 급격한 성장을 지속하여 왔다. 최근에는 각 커피전문점 브랜드별로 경쟁이 가속화되면서 맛이나 서비스의 차이가 줄어드는 경향을 보이는 등 성숙기 시장의 특성을 보이고 있다. 경쟁이 매우 치열해지는 성숙기 시장에서는 제품 및 서비스 차별화와 가격 프리미엄의 확보를 위해서는 차별적인 브랜드 이미지를 구축하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구는 성숙기에 진입한 국내 커피전문점 시장의 주요 5개 브랜드에 대해 점포개성 척도를 사용하여 현재의 포지셔닝을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 실무적인 시사점을 제시하였다는 점에서 본 연구의 의의가 있다. 연구 결과, 소비자들은 커피전문점 브랜드를 국내 중소기업 전문브랜드와 외국 전문브랜드로 나누거나, 매장의 규모가 큰 매장이 다수인 브랜드와 소규모 매장이 많은 브랜드로 구분하여 인식하고 있다는 점, 그리고 소비자들이 이상적으로 생각하는 브랜드의 점포개성은 신뢰, 세련, 매력이라는 점을 발견하였다. 이와 같은 연구 결과를 바탕으로 파악된 각 커피전문점의 점포개성 이미지 강약점을 토대로 강점은 강화하고 약점을 보완하기 위한 마케팅 전략을 수립하고 실행해야 할 것이다.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.212-219
• /
• 2024

Background: This study explores the potential of discarded male layer embryos as a sustainable and non-GMO cell source for cultivated chicken meat production. The research aims to identify efficient methods for isolating muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) with high proliferative potential by conducting transcriptome analysis on thigh muscle tissues from both male and female chick embryos. Methods: Transcriptome analysis was performed on the thigh muscle tissues of male and female chick embryos, aged 12-13 days, (n = 4 each), to investigate the gene expression profiles and identify strategies for efficiently isolating MPCs. This approach aims to pinpoint techniques that would allow for the selection of MPCs with optimal growth and proliferation capabilities. Results: Using heatmap, hierarchical clustering, and multidimensional scaling (MDS), we found no significant sex-based differences in gene expression, except for the overexpression of the female-specific gene LIPBLL. The expression of muscle stem cell factors, including PAX3, PAX7, and other myogenic regulatory genes, showed no significant variation. However, to recover MPC-rich cells isolated from male thigh muscle, we found that by the pre-plating 7 stage, myogenesis-related genes, MYHs and MUSTN1 were minimally expressed, while the cell cycle arrest gene CDKN1A sharply increased. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that simple cell isolation directly from tissue is a more scalable and efficient approach for cultivated meat production, compared to labor-intensive pre-plating methods, making it a viable solution for sustainable research and resource recycling.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2017

이 연구는 포지셔닝 전략에 관한 연구로서 프랜차이즈 분식점 브랜드의 경쟁관계를 분석하고, 고객의 욕구를 충족시켜주는 선택속성이 무엇인지 파악하여 효율적인 포지셔닝 전략을 수립함으로 발전적인 마케팅 방향을 제시하였다. 요인분석을 통하여 고객들이 인지하는 프랜차이즈 분식점들의 선택속성은 총 25의 문항들은 총 3개의 요인으로(음식의 품질, 직원들의 서비스, 물리적 환경)으로 범주화 되었다. 이용동기에 집단 간 유의미한 차이가 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 일원배치분석(ANOVA)를 실시하여 Duncan을 통하여 사후분석하였고, 다차원척도법(MDS)을 통하여 브랜드 유사성, 선택속성과 브랜드 선호도를 검증하였다. 아딸은 음식, 서비스, 물리적 환경 속성에서 평균보다 높은 점수를 받았으며, 봉구스 밥버거는 서비스와 물리적 환경, 고봉민 김밥은 음식과 물리적 환경속성이 평균보다 높았다. 김밥천국은 음식, 서비스, 물리적 환경의 세 요인 모두에서 평균보다 낮게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 5개의 프랜차이즈 분식점에 대한 유용한 경쟁관계를 나타내는 포지셔닝 맵과 실용적인 제안을 제공하였다.