• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.174-184
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• 2022

3D human pose estimation models can be classified into a multi-view model and a single-view model. In general, the multi-view model shows superior pose estimation performance compared to the single-view model. In the case of the single-view model, the improvement of the 3D pose estimation performance requires a large amount of training data. However, it is not easy to obtain annotations for training 3D pose estimation models. To address this problem, we propose a method to generate pseudo ground-truths of multi-view human pose data from a multi-view model and exploit the resultant pseudo ground-truths to train a single-view model. In addition, we propose a multi-view consistency loss function that considers the consistency of poses estimated from multi-view images, showing that the proposed loss helps the effective training of single-view models. Experiments using Human3.6M and MPI-INF-3DHP datasets show that the proposed method is effective for training single-view 3D human pose estimation models.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.813-829
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• 2022

In multi-view subspace clustering, how to integrate the complementary information between perspectives to construct a unified representation is a critical problem. In the existing works, the unified representation is usually constructed in the original data space. However, when the data representation in each view is very diverse, the unified representation derived directly in the original data domain may lead to a huge information loss. To address this issue, different to the existing works, inspired by the latest revelation that the data across all perspectives have a very similar or close spectral block structure, we try to construct the unified representation in the spectral embedding domain. In this way, the complementary information across all perspectives can be fused into a unified representation with little information loss, since the spectral block structure from all views shares high consistency. In addition, to capture the global structure of data on each view with high accuracy and robustness both, we propose a novel low-rank approximation via the tight lower bound on the rank function. Finally, experimental results prove that, the proposed method has the effectiveness and robustness at the same time, compared with the state-of-art approaches.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.859-871
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose an algorithm that generates multi-view images by grid-mesh based image domain warping using occlusion mask and various image features obtained from the stereoscopic images. In the proposed algorithm, we first extract image saliency map, line segments and disparity saliency map from stereo images and then get them through a process that improves the quality of extracted features. This process is accomplished in two steps. In the first step, reliability of disparity saliency map on object boundary regions is enhanced by using occlusion information. And in the second step, we enhance the quality of image features in terms of temporal consistency by using temporal consistency information for stereo images. With these enhanced features, multi-view images are generated by grid-mesh based image domain warping technique. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than existing algorithms in terms of visual quality.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.10B
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• pp.1070-1075
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose new depth estimation and intermediate view synthesis algorithms for three-dimensional video generation. In order to improve temporal consistency of the depth map sequence, we add a temporal weighting function to the conventional matching function when we compute the matching cost for estimating the depth information. In addition, we propose a boundary noise removal method in the view synthesis operation. after finding boundary noise areas using the depth map, we replace them with corresponding texture information from the other reference image. Experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm improved temporal consistency of the depth sequence and reduced flickering artifacts in the virtual view. It also improved visual quality of the synthesized virtual views by removing the boundary noise.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.329-342
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• 2015

The present paper aims at developing a method to accommodate multi-surface concrete plasticity from the point of view of a consistency concept applied to general tangent operators. The idea is based on a Taylor series expansion of the actual effective stress at the stress point corresponding to the previous accumulated true stresses plus the current increment values, initially taken to be elastic. The proposed algorithm can be generalized for any multi-surface criteria combination and has been tested here for typical cement-based materials. A few examples of application are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the multi-surface technique as used to a combination of Rankine and Drucker-Prager yield criteria.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.6
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• pp.803-814
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• 2008

Product line architectures include variable parts to be selected according to product specific requirements. In order to derive architectures that are valid for a particular product from product line architectures, variabilities of product line architectures must be systematically managed. In this paper, we adopt an approach to variability management of product line architectures through an explicit mapping between a feature model and product line architecture models. If this mapping is incorrect or there exists inconsistency among product line architectural elements, variabilities of product line architectures cannot be managed correctly. Therefore, this paper formally defines product line architectural models in terms of conceptual, process, deployment, and module views, and mapping relationships between the feature model and the architectural models. Consistency rules for correct variability management of product line architectures are defined in terms of consistency in each of product line architecture model, consistency between different architectural view models, and consistency between a feature model and product line architectural models. These consistency rules provide a theoretical foundation for deriving valid product architecture from product line architectures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.148-153
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• 2009

Few methods have dealt with segmenting multiple images with analogous content. Concurrent images of a scene and gathered images of a similar foreground are examples of these images, which we term consistent scene images. In this paper, we present a method to segment these images based on manual segmentation of one image, by iteratively propagating information via multi-level cues with adaptive confidence. The cues are classified as low-, mid-, and high- levels based on whether they pertain to pixels, patches, and shapes. Propagated cues are used to compute potentials in an MRF framework, and segmentation is done by energy minimization. Through this process, the proposed method attempts to maximize the amount of extracted information and maximize the consistency of segmentation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on several sets of consistent scene images and provide a comparison with results based only on mid-level cues [1].

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.450-462
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• 2009

So far, many methods for segmenting single images or video have been proposed, but few methods have dealt with multiple images with analogous content. These images, which we term consistent scene images, include concurrent images of a scene and gathered images of a similar foreground, and may be collectively utilized to describe a scene or as input images for multi-view stereo. In this paper, we present a method to segment these images with minimum user input, specifically, manual segmentation of one image, by iteratively propagating information via multi-level cues with adaptive confidence depending on the nature of the images. Propagated cues are used as the bases to compute multi-level potentials in an MRF framework, and segmentation is done by energy minimization. Both cues and potentials are classified as low-, mid-, and high- levels based on whether they pertain to pixels, patches, and shapes. A major aspect of our approach is utilizing mid-level cues to compute low- and mid- level potentials, and high-level cues to compute low-, mid-, and high- level potentials, thereby making use of inherent information. Through this process, the proposed method attempts to maximize the amount of both extracted and utilized information in order to maximize the consistency of the segmentation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on several sets of consistent scene images and provide a comparison with results based only on mid-level cues [1].

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.147-187
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• 2008

Online game researchers focus on the flow and factors influencing flow. Flow is conceptualized as an optimal experience state and useful explaining game experience in online. Many game studies focused on the customer loyalty and flow in playing online game, In showing specific game experience, however, it doesn't examine multidimensional experience process. Flow is not construct which show absorbing process, but construct which show absorbing result. Hence, Flow is not adequate to examine multidimensional experience of games. Online game is included in hedonic consumption. Hedonic consumption is a relatively new field of study in consumer research and it explores the consumption experience as a experiential view(Hirschman and Holbrook 1982). Hedonic consumption explores the consumption experience not as an information processing event but from a phenomenological of experiential view, which is a primarily subjective state. It includes various playful leisure activities, sensory pleasures, daydreams, esthetic enjoyment, and emotional responses. In online game experience, therefore, it is right to access through a experiential view of hedonic consumption. The objective of this paper was to make up for lacks in our understanding of online game experience by developing a framework for better insight into the hedonic experience of online game. We developed this framework by integrating and extending existing research in marketing, online game and hedonic responses. We then discussed several expectations for this framework. We concluded by discussing the results of this study, providing general recommendation and directions for future research. In hedonic response research, Lacher's research(1994)and Jongho lee and Yunhee Jung' research (2005;2006) has served as a fundamental starting point of our research. A common element in this extended research is the repeated identification of the four hedonic responses: sensory response, imaginal response, emotional response, analytic response. The validity of these four constructs finds in research of music(Lacher 1994) and movie(Jongho lee and Yunhee Jung' research 2005;2006). But, previous research on hedonic response didn't show that constructs of hedonic response have cause-effect relation. Also, although hedonic response enable to different by stimulus properties. effects of stimulus properties is not showed. To fill this gap, while largely based on Lacher(1994)' research and Jongho Lee and Yunhee Jung(2005, 2006)' research, we made several important adaptation with the primary goal of bringing the model into online game and compensating lacks of previous research. We maintained the same construct proposed by Lacher et al.(1994), with four constructs of hedonic response:sensory response, imaginal response, emotional response, analytical response. In this study, the sensory response is typified by some physical movement(Yingling 1962), the imaginal response is typified by images, memories, or situations that game evokes(Myers 1914), and the emotional response represents the feelings one experiences when playing game, such as pleasure, arousal, dominance, finally, the analytical response is that game player engaged in cognition seeking while playing game(Myers 1912). However, this paper has several important differences. We attempted to suggest multi-dimensional experience process in online game and cause-effect relation among hedonic responses. Also, We investigated moderate effects of perceived complexity. Previous studies about hedonic responses didn't show influences of stimulus properties. According to Berlyne's theory(1960, 1974) of aesthetic response, perceived complexity is a important construct because it effects pleasure. Pleasure in response to an object will increase with increased complexity, to an optimal level. After that, with increased complexity, pleasure begins with a linearly increasing line for complexity. Therefore, We expected this perceived complexity will influence hedonic response in game experience. We discussed the rationale for these suggested changes, the assumptions of the resulting framework, and developed some expectations based on its application in Online game context. In the first stage of methodology, questions were developed to measure the constructs. We constructed a survey measuring our theoretical constructs based on a combination of sources, including Yingling(1962), Hargreaves(1962), Lacher (1994), Jongho Lee and Yunhee Jung(2005, 2006), Mehrabian and Russell(1974), Pucely et al(1987). Based on comments received in the pretest, we made several revisions to arrive at our final survey. We investigated the proposed framework through a convenience sample, where participation in a self-report survey was solicited from various respondents having different knowledges. All respondents participated to different degrees, in these habitually practiced activities and received no compensation for their participation. Questionnaires were distributed to graduates and we used 381 completed questionnaires to analysis. The sample consisted of more men(n=225) than women(n=156). In measure, the study used multi-item scales based previous study. We analyze the data using structural equation modeling(LISREL-VIII; Joreskog and Sorbom 1993). First, we used the entire sample(n=381) to refine the measures and test their convergent and discriminant validity. The evidence from both the factor analysis and the analysis of reliability provides support that the scales exhibit internal consistency and construct validity. Second, we test the hypothesized structural model. And, we divided the sample into two different complexity group and analyze the hypothesized structural model of each group. The analysis suggest that hedonic response plays different roles from hypothesized in our study. The results indicate that hedonic response-sensory response, imaginal response, emotional response, analytical response- are related positively to respondents' level of game satisfaction. And game satisfaction is related to higher levels of game loyalty. Additionally, we found that perceived complexity is important to online game experience. Our results suggest that importance of each hedonic response different by perceived game complexity. Understanding the role of perceived complexity in hedonic response enables to have a better understanding of underlying mechanisms at game experience. If game has high complexity, analytical response become important response. So game producers or marketers have to consider more cognitive stimulus. Controversy, if game has low complexity, sensorial response respectively become important. Finally, we discussed several limitations of our study and suggested directions for future research. we concluded with a discussion of managerial implications. Our study provides managers with a basis for game strategies.