• Composites Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.297-310
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• 2015

This study aims to develop efficient composite laminates for buckling load enhancement, interlaminar shear stress minimization, and weight reduction. This goal is achieved through cover-skin lay-ups around skins and stiffeners, which amplify bending stiffness and defer delamination by means of effective stress distribution. The design problem is formulated as multi-objective optimization that maximizes buckling load capability while minimizing both maximum out-of-plane shear stress and panel weight. For efficient optimization, response surface methodology is employed for buckling load, two out-of-plane shear stresses, and panel weight with respect to one ply thickness, six fiber orientations of a skin, and four stiffener heights. Numerical results show that skin-covered composite stiffened panels can be devised for maximum buckling load and minimum interlaminar shear stresses under compressive load. In addition, the effects of different material properties are investigated and compared. The obtained results reveal that the composite stiffened panel with Kevlar material is the most effective design.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.273-281
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• 2023

Recently, offshore structures for eco-friendly energy, such as wind and solar power, have been developed to address the problem of insufficient land space; in the case of energy generation, they are designed on a considerable scale. Therefore, the scalability of offshore structures is crucial. The Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO) developed multi-linked floating offshore structures composed of floating bodies and connection beams for floating photovoltaic systems. Large-scale floating photovoltaic systems are mainly designed in a manner that expands through the connection between modules and demonstrates a difference in structural response with connection conditions. A fluid-structure coupled analysis was performed for the multi-linked floating offshore structures. First, the wave load acting on the multi-linked offshore floating structures was calculated through wave load analysis for various wave load conditions. The response amplitude operators (RAOs) for the motions and structural response of the unit structure were calculated by performing finite element analysis. The effects of connection conditions were analyzed through comparative studies of RAOs and the response's maximum magnitude and occurrence location. Hence, comparing the cases of a hinge connection affecting heave and pitch motions and a fixed connection, the maximum bending stress of the structure decreased by approximately 2.5 times, while the mooring tension increased by approximately 20%, confirmed to be the largest change in bending stress and mooring tension compared to fixed connection. Therefore, the change in structural response according to connection condition makes it possible to design a higher structural safety of the structural member through the hinge connection in the construction of a large-scale multi-linked floating offshore structure for large-scale photovoltaic systems in which some unit structures are connected. However, considering the tension of the mooring line increases, a safety evaluation of the mooring line must be performed.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2018

In this article, an analytic non-classical model for the free vibrations of nanobeams accounting for surface stress effects is developed. The classical continuum mechanics fails to capture the surface energy effects and hence is not directly applicable at nanoscale. A general beam model based on Gurtin-Murdoch continuum surface elasticity theory is developed for the analysis of thin and thick beams. Thus, surface energy has a significant effect on the response of nanoscale structures, and is associated with their size-dependent behavior. To check the validity of the present analytic solution, the numerical results are compared with those obtained in the scientific literature. The influences of beam thickness, surface density, surface residual stress and surface elastic constants on the natural frequencies of nanobeams are also investigated. It is indicated that the effect of surface stress on the vibrational response of a nanobeam is dependent on its aspect ratio and thickness.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2017

This paper presents a unique pressure sensor design for environmental applications. The design uses a new geometry for a multi bossed beam-membrane structure with a SOI (silicon-on-insulator) substrate and a mechanical transducer. The Intellisuite MEMS CAD design tool was used to build and analyze the structure with FEM (finite element modeling). The working principle of the multi bossed beam structure is explained. FEM calculations show that a sensing diaphragm with Mises stress can provide superior linear response compared to a stress-free diaphragm. These simulation results are validated by comparing the estimated deflection response. The results show that, the sensitivity is enhanced by using both the novel geometry and the SOI substrate.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.15-23
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• 2022

This study investigated the effects of job stress, job attitude, and social support on the relationship between client violence and social worker job response. The multi-mediating effect of job stress, job attitude, and social support between client violence and social worker job response was empirically analyzed. 257 social workers in social welfare facilities were analyzed using SPSS. The following conclusions were drawn. First, there was a significant correlation between client violence, job stress, job attitude, social support, and job response variables. Client violence was affecting variables related to social worker job response. Second, job stress, job attitude, and social support had multiple mediating effects. The parallel mediation effect and the serial mediation effect were verified. Third, job attitude was found to be a variable of multiple mediating effects. Fourth, job stress and social support were found to be double mediating effect variables. In response, programs and manuals suitable for the type of social welfare facilities and the policy basis for preparing countermeasures for social workers were limited, and follow-up studies on various variables were suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.544-552
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• 2016

In this study, the self-esteem by grasping the adaptation state of the stress and school multi-cultural youth, social support, and analyzed the changes that appear in response to them coping with stress. By utilizing the structural equations for that, this study analyzed the relationship between the adaptation to stress and school multi-cultural youth, in terms of coping with stress, social support, and examined the effect of adjusting the self-esteem of the parameters. The results of this study were as follows. Stress multi-cultural youth, social support and self-esteem are affected. On the other hand, a significant effect on coping with stress was not detected. Subsequently, to cope with the stress analyzed, social support, self-esteem effects of the defined parameters revealed a relationship between the adaptation to all stresses and school life.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.242-249
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• 2021

Forage crop management is severely challenged by global warming-induced climate changes representing diverse a/biotic stresses. Thus, screening of valuable genetic resources would be applied to develop stress-tolerant forage crops. We isolated two NAC (NAM, ATAF1, ATAF2, CUC2) transcription factors (ANAC032 and ANAC083) transcriptionally activated by multi-abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and cold stresses) from Arabidopsis by microarray analysis. The NAC family is one of the most prominent transcription factor families in plants and functions in various biological processes. The enhanced expressions of two ANACs by multi-abiotic stresses were validated by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. We also confirmed that both ANACs were localized in the nucleus, suggesting that ANAC032 and ANAC083 act as transcription factors to regulate the expression of downstream target genes. Promoter activities of ANAC032 and ANAC083 through histochemical GUS staining again suggested that various abiotic stresses strongly drive both ANACs expressions. Our data suggest that ANAC032 and ANAC083 would be valuable genetic candidates for breeding multi-abiotic stress-tolerant forage crops via the genetic modification of a single gene.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.146-156
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• 2020

Two High Tensile Strength Steel (EH47) plates with thickness of 70 mm were butt-welded together by multi-pass Submerged Arc Welding (SAW), also the hardness and welding residual stress were investigated experimentally. Based on Thermal-Elastic-Plastic Finite Element (TEP FE) computation, the thermal cycles during entire welding process were obtained, and the HAZ hardness of multi-pass butt welded joint was computed by the hardenability algorithm with considering microstructure evolution. Good agreement of HAZ hardness between the measurement and computational result is observed. The evolution of each phase was drawn to clarify the influence mechanism of thermal cycle on HAZ hardness. Welding residual stress was predicted with considering mechanical response, which was dominantly determined by last cap welds through analyzing its formation process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.108-108
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• 2022

In this study, multispectral images of wheat according to soil water state were collected, compared, and analyzed to measure the physiological response of crops to environmental stress at the individual level. CMS-V multi-spectral camera(Silios Technologies) was used for image acquisition. The camera lens consists of eight spectral bands between 550nm and 830nm. Light Reflective information collected in each band sensor and stored in digital values, and it is converted into a reflectance for calculating the vegetation index and used. According to the camera manual, the NDVI(Normalized Difference vegetation index) value was calculated using 628 nm and 752 nm bands. Image measurement was conducted under natural light conditions, and reflectance standards(Labsphere) were captured with plants for reflectance calculation. The wheat variety used Gosomil, and the wheat grown in the field was transplanted into a pot after heading date and measured. Three treatments were performed so that the soil volumetric water content of the pot was 13~17%, 20~23%, and 25%, and the growth response of wheat according to each treatment was compared using the NDVI value. In the first measurement after port transplantation, the difference in NDVI value according to treatment was not significant, but in the subsequent measurement, the NDVI value of the treatment with a water content of 13 to 17% was lowest and was the highest at 20 to 23%. The NDVI values decreased compared to the first measurement in all treatment, and the decrease was the largest at 13-17% water content and the smallest at 20-23%. Although the difference in NDVI values could be confirmed, it would be difficult to directly relate it to the water stress of plants, and further research on the response of crops to environmental stress and the analysis of multi-spectral image will be needed.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.271-275
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• 2002

Rph1 and Gisl are damage-responsive repressors involved in PHR1 expression. They have two $C_{2}$H/ sub 2/ zinc finger motifs as putative DNA binding domains and N-terminal conserved domain with unknown function. They are also found in the human retinoblastoma binding protein 2 and the mouse jumonji- encoded protein. The repressors are able to bind to A $G_{4}$ sequence within a 39-bp sequence called upstream repressing sequence of PHR1 promoter (UR $S_{PHR1}$) responsible for the damage-response of PHR1. We report here that Rph1 is predominantly localized in the nucleus as examined by fluorescence microscopic analysis with GFP-Rph1 fusion protein. On the basis of the fact that the A $G_{4}$ sequence that is recognized by Rph1 and Gisl is also recognized by Msn2 and Msn4 in a process of stress response, we a1so tried to examine the in vivo function of A $G_{4}$ and the role of Msn2 and Msn4 in PHR1 expression. Our results demonstrate that Msn2 and Msn4 are actually required for the basal transcription of PHR1 expression but not for its damage induction. When A $G_{4}$ sequence was inserted into the minimal promoter of the cyc1-LacZ reporter, the increased LacZ expression was observed indicating its involvement in transcriptional activation. The data suggest that the A $G_{4}$ is primarily required for basal transcriptional activation of PHR1 or CYC1 promoter through the possible involvement of Msn2 and Msn4. However, since the A $G_{4}$ is also involved in the repression of PHR1 via Rphl and Gisl, it is proposed that A $G_{4}$ functions as either URS or upstream activating sequence (UAS) depending on the promoter context.t.