• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2022

This study aims to present primary data for habitat restoration and artificial breeding conditions of L. unmunsana by identifying the habitat conditions and the larvae's food sources. In order to investigate the habitat characteristics of the adult L. unmunsana and land snails, which are the primary food sources for the larvae, field surveys were conducted on a total of 10 habitats in south-central parts of Korea including Sanseongcheon, Jeonju. The results revealed that the L. unmunsana habitat in the Sanseongcheon area had a broadleaf forest with a multi-layered vegetation structure, adjacent water features, and the north/northeast/northwest slopes with little effect of artificial lighting. The adult L. unmunsana in the Sanseongcheon area appeared from the end of May to the end of June, and was especially intensively observed around the middle of June. The most active time was from 23:30 to 00:30 with a temperature range of 19~22℃ and higher than 80% humidity. The peak count of the observed adults L. unmunsana was a total of 774 on June 11, 2021. In the case of land snails, 11 families and 23 species were observed in 10 habitats of L. unmunsana, and Euphaedusa fusaniana was the most extensive and the most observed in the five survey areas. The land snails of L. unmunsana habitats are mostly found under the organic layers of leaves and a fallen tree branch in broadleaf forests, where a thick organic material layer buffers temperature changes and provides high humidity for various snails. These habitat conditions are suitable for the larva of L. unmunsana and land snails to inhabit, feed, hide and hibernate.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2023

Nonlinearity plays an important role in control systems and the application of design. For this reason, in addition to linear vibrations, nonlinear vibrations of the stepped nanobeam are also discussed in this manuscript. This study investigated the vibrations of stepped nanobeams according to Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory. Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory was used to capture the nanoscale effect. The nanoscale stepped Euler Bernoulli beam is considered. The equations of motion representing the motion of the beam are found by Hamilton's principle. The equations were subjected to nondimensionalization to make them independent of the dimensions and physical structure of the material. The equations of motion were found using the multi-time scale method, which is one of the approximate solution methods, perturbation methods. The first section of the series obtained from the perturbation solution represents a linear problem. The linear problem's natural frequencies are found for the simple-simple boundary condition. The second-order part of the perturbation solution is the nonlinear terms and is used as corrections to the linear problem. The system's amplitude and phase modulation equations are found in the results part of the problem. Nonlinear frequency-amplitude, and external frequency-amplitude relationships are discussed. The location of the step, the radius ratios of the steps, and the changes of the small-scale parameter of the theory were investigated and their effects on nonlinear vibrations under simple-simple boundary conditions were observed by making comparisons. The results are presented via tables and graphs. The current beam model can assist in designing and fabricating integrated such as nano-sensors and nano-actuators.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2023

In order to increase the extrusion production speed of aluminum, extrusion die cooling technology using liquid nitrogen has recently attracted a lot of attention. Increasing the extrusion speed increases the temperature of the bearing area of extrusion dies and the extrusion profile, which may cause defects on the surface of extruded profile. Extrusion die cooling technology is to directly inject liquid nitrogen through a cooling channel formed between the die and the backer inside the die-set. The liquid nitrogen removes heat from the die-set, and gaseous nitrogen at the exit of the channel, covers the extrusion profile of an inert atmosphere reducing the oxidation and the profile temperature. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cooling capacity by applying die cooling to extrusion of Al-Mn-based aluminum alloy flat tubes, and to investigate the effects of die cooling on the change in extrusion characteristics of flat tubes. Cooling capacity was confirmed by observing the temperature change of the extrusion profile depending on whether or not die cooling is applied. To observe changes in material characteristics due to die cooling, surface observation is conducted and microstructure and precipitate analysis are performed by FE-SEM on the surface and longitudinal cross section of the extruded flat tubes.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.341-358
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• 2024

This paper reports several plane-strain trapdoor tests conducted to investigate the effects of reinforcement on soil arching development under localized surface loading with a loading plate width three times the trapdoor width. An analogical soil composed of aluminum rods with three different diameters was used as the backfill and Kraft paper with two different stiffness values was used as the reinforcement material. Four reinforcement arrangements were investigated: (1) no reinforcement, (2) one low stiffness reinforcement R1, (3) one high stiffness reinforcement R2, and (4) two low stiffness reinforcements R1 with a backfill layer in between. The stiffness of R2 was approximately twice that of R1; therefore, two R1 had approximately the same total stiffness as one R2. Test results indicate that the use of reinforcement minimized soil arching degradation under localized surface loading. Soil arching with reinforcement degraded more at unloading stages as compared to that at loading stages. The use of stiffer reinforcement had the advantages of more effectively minimizing soil arching degradation. As compared to one high stiffness reinforcement layer, two low stiffness reinforcement layers with a backfill layer of certain thickness in between promoted soil arching under localized surface loading. Due to different states of soil arching development with and without reinforcement, an analytical multi-stage soil arching model available in the literature was selected in this study to calculate the average vertical pressures acting on the trapdoor or on the deflected reinforcement section under both the backfill self-weight and localized surface loading.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2024

Background: The gamma emission tomography (GET) device has been reported a reliable technique to inspect partial defects within spent nuclear fuel (SNF) of pin-by-pin level. However, the existing GET devices have low accuracy owing to the high attenuation and scatter probability for SNF inspection condition. The purpose of this study is to design and optimize a Yonsei single-photon emission computed tomography version 2 (YSECT.v.2) for fast inspection of SNF in water storage by acquisition of high-quality tomographic images. Materials and Methods: Using Geant4 (Geant4 Collaboration) and DETECT-2000 (Glenn F. Knoll et al.) Monte Carlo simulation, the geometrical structure of the proposed device was determined and its performance was evaluated for the ¹³⁷Cs source in water. In a Geant4-based assessment, proposed device was compared with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)-authenticated device for the quality of tomographic images obtained for 12 fuel sources in a 14 × 14 Westinghouse-type fuel assembly. Results and Discussion: According to the results, the length, slit width, and septal width of the collimator were determined to be 65, 2.1, and 1.5 mm, respectively, and the material and length of the trapezoidal-shaped scintillator were determined to be gadolinium aluminum gallium garnet and 45 mm, respectively. Based on the results of performance comparison between the YSECT.v.2 and IAEA's device, the proposed device showed 200 times higher performance in gamma-detection sensitivity and similar source discrimination probability. Conclusion: In this study, we optimally designed the GET device for improving the SNF inspection accuracy and evaluated its performance. Our results show that the YSECT.v.2 device could be employed for SNF inspection.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2017

해양 유정의 시추를 위한 드릴링이 진행되는 동안 원활한 드릴링 작업을 진행하기 위하여 드릴링 시스템을 순환하는 머드에 벌크가 Shear mixer을 통하여 첨가된다. 이러한 벌크 투입으로 조절된 머드의 물성치는 드릴링시스템 전반의 안정성에 영향을 주며, 머드와의 혼합이 이루어지는 Shear mixer의 성능개선은 전체 드릴링 시스템의 성능향상과 관계된다고 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Shear mixer내 혼상유동의 특징을 알아보기 위해 파이프형상의 관내 고체-액체 혼상유동 실험에서 측정된 고체 침전도결과(Gilles et al., 2004)를 시뮬레이션 결과와 비교검증을 수행한 후, 이를 통해 얻어진 관내 액체-고체 혼상유동 시뮬레이션 조건을 바탕으로 Shear mixer의 혼합효율을 개선시킬 수 있는 최적형상에 관한 시뮬레이션 기반 설계를 수행하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.881-887
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• 2014

Peltier 효과를 이용한 박막형 열전 냉각 모듈은 열전 재료에 의한 열 출입의 방향에 따라서 수직형 구조와 수평구조로 나누어진다. 이와 같은 박막형 열전 냉각 모듈의 성능은 기존의 벌크 형태의 냉각 모듈을 평가하기 위해 사용하는 모델을 이용하여 측정할 수 있다. 우리가 제조한 열전 박막을 모델에 적용하여 열전재료의 길이 변화에 따른 열 방출 성능을 평가 하여 보았다. 재료의 성능이 향상됨에 따라서 동일한 열 전기적 저항에서 최대 열 방출 성능은 $73.9W/cm^2$에서 $131.2W/cm^2$으로 크게 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 방사 형태로 $10{\mu}m$ 두께의 열전 재료와 전극들이 두께가 각기 다른 기판 위에 형성된 수평형 냉각 모듈을 설계하여 $10{\mu}m$ 두께의 $SiO_2$ 멤브레인 위에 열전재료가 형성된 열전 모듈에서 22 K의 온도 차를 해석결과로부터 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과로부터 열전 재료의 특성과 모듈의 열 전기적 저항은 필연적으로 짧은 열전 재료의 길이와 두께를 갖는 박막형 열전 모듈을 높은 효율의 모듈로 설계하기 위해 반드시 고려되어 되어야 할 요소임을 확인 할 수 있다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.503-510
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• 2006

Readout 회로는 검출기에서 발생되는 신호를 영상신호처리에 적합한 신호로 변환시키는 회로를 말한다. 일반적으로 감지소자와의 임피던스 매칭, 증폭기능, 잡음제거 기능, 및 셀 선택 둥의 기능을 갖추어야하며, 저 전력, 저 잡음, 선형성, 단일성(uniformity),큰 동적 범위(dynamic range), 우수한 주파수 응답 특성 등의 조건을 만족하여야 한다. Focal Plane array (FPA)용 자외선 영상 장비 개발을 위한 기술 요소는 첫째, 자외선 검출기(detector) 재료 및 미세 가공 기술 둘째, detector에서 출력되는 전기신호를 처리하기 위한 ReadOut IC (ROIC) 설계기술 그리고, detector 와 ROIC를 하이브리드 본딩하기 위한 패키지 기술 등으로 구분할 수 있다. ROIC는 영상장비 지능화 및 다기능화를 가능하게 하며, 궁극적으로 고부가가치 상품화를 위한 핵심부품이다. 특히, 고해상도 영상 장비용 ROIC의 개발을 위해서는 검출기 특성, 신호의 동적 범위, readout rate, 잡음 특성, 셀 피치(cell pitch), 전력 소모 등의 설계사양을 만족하는 고집적, 저 전력 회로설계 기술이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 칩 제작 기간 단축 및 비용의 절감을 위하여 $8\times8$ FPA용 prototype ROIC를 설계 및 제작한다. 제작된 $8\times8$ FPA용 ROIC의 단위블럭 및 전체기능을 테스트하며, ROIC 제어보드 및 영상보드를 제작하여 UART(Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) 통신으로 PC의 모니터에서 검출된 영상을 확인함으로써, ROIC의 동작을 완전히 검증할 수 있다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2013

본 연구는 실험계획법을 통하여 과산화수소로 발포된 석고 혼입 경량기포콘크리트로 통계적 분석을 실시하였다. 본 실험에서는 경량기포콘크리트를 구성하는 각 재료의 혼합비율을 실험인자로 설정하고, 실험을 통해 얻어진 반응변수에 대한 통계적 분석으로 역학적 특성을 평가 하였다. 실험인자는 석고혼입율, 물결합재비 및 발포제첨가비 이며, 반응변수는 겉보기밀도, 압축강도, 휨강도이다. 경량기포콘크리트의 배합은 반응표면설계의 Box-Behnken (B-B)계획법에 의해 총 15회의 실험점을 설정하였다. 본 연구결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 반응변수에 대한 각 설명인자 (석고혼입율, 물결합재비, 발포제첨가비)의 유의확률값은 유의수준 ${\alpha}$=0.05에서 유의한 것으로 추정되었다. 경량기포콘크리트의 겉보기밀도에 대한 반응표면 분석 결과, 물결합재비 와 발포제첨가비만 유의 (${\alpha}$=0.05)한 것으로 추정되었으며, 겉보기밀도와 기포량 및 함수율과의 관계는 반비례함을 확인 알 수 있었다. 경량기포콘크리트의 압축강도에 대한 반응표면 분석 결과, 물결합재비, 발포제첨가비 및 발포제첨가비의 제곱항이 유의 (${\alpha}$=0.05)한 것으로 추정되었다. 경량기포콘크리트의 휨강도에 대한 반응표면 분석 결과, 물결합재비 와 발포제첨가비만 유의 (${\alpha}$=0.05)한 것으로 추정되었다. 다중 반응 최적법을 통해 반응변수들의 목표값을 만족하는 최적조건 영역을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2016

Purpose - The parcel delivery service(courier) industry all over the world has been expanding its market so far, but its growth has been declining in recent years. In this situation, most parcel delivery companies are having trouble with managing themselves because of the pressure from the customer to increase service level and decrease the rate. The purpose of this study is to provide ways to improve competitive advantages of the parcel delivery service industry by evaluating the multi-period operating efficiency of Korea, Japan and global service providers. Research design, data, and methodology - The data for the period of 2011 to 2014 were collected from the annual reports published by parcel delivery companies. In this study, we analyze the marketability (revenue), profitability (operating profits), and management conditions (net profits) of parcel service companies by combining information on human resources (number of employees) and material resources (total assets and equity). Therefore, the number of employees, total assets, and equity are selected as input variables, and revenue, operating profits, and net profits as the output variables. In this study, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) is used to measure the comparative efficiency and MPI (Malmquist Productivity Index) is used to analyze the trend of change of the efficiency for a multi-year period. Results - The operational efficiency scores of medium-sized parcel delivery companies in Korea are higher than other larger competitors such as Korean, Japan and Global larger companies. As of 2014, Logen(1.878) was found to be the most efficient parcel delivery enterprise, followed by KGB (1.224), and Kyoungdong(1.002). Otherwise, Hanjin(0.235), CJ(0.262), Hyundai Logistics(0.657), DHL(0.611), UPS(0.766), FedEx(0.498), TNT(0.350), Yamato(0.762) and Sagawa(0.520), larger sized companies, were done inefficiently. The productivity of parcel delivery companies is influenced by endogenous factors as well as exogenous ones such as changes in business environment and technological advances. Conclusions - Korean medium-sized companies have relatively high efficiency scores in operation. That is why they still survive the competitive market in Korea where market restructuring on the industry has been expected to be conducted for many years. The reason why medium-sized couriers had higher efficient scores than larger couriers is that most of couriers spend more operating expenses versus unit price of delivery which is the amount of money that is needed in order to send a package by parcel service. So the delivery unit price must be taken into account by all the expenses associated with the cost of fuel, labor and maintenance expenses for facilities, etc. therefore, the unit price must be increased to strengthen business competitive power. In order for the industry to have more competitive advantage, the companies need to make profits by increasing demand volume and raising the delivery rate to provide high-quality delivery service to customers. And both endogenous and exogenous change must take precedence in order to strengthen their competitiveness.