• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2015

Purpose - This study examines a bundling effect on production and distribution in a patent-protected industry. Despite the heavy use of bundling strategies in the information and technology industry, literature has paid scant attention to bundling of intellectual property rights. This study examines a theoretical exploration of the bundling effect on licensing behavior. Research design, data, and methodology - To address this behavior, we build a simplified model consisting of three stages: 1) bundling decision, 2) licensing agreement, and 3) competition. The subgame perfect Nash equilibrium is applied to the model. Results - A single-patent holder with superior technology grants its own license to the multiple-patent firm, thereby leaving the market. Anticipating the single right holder's licensing strategy, the multiple-patent firm offers a bundle, making the single-right holder's bargaining position weaker. Conclusions - Bundling is an effective business strategy, resulting in multiple products for a firm as it faces other firms with single-product lines in each market. Taking advantage of the multi-patent or multi-product lines, the firm utilizes the bundling strategy obtaining better technology from the standalone single-patent firms.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.47-64
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• 2019

We analyze and study competition in differentiated product market using public data source. Understanding competitive market structure is critical for firms to assess how their products compete against other firms in a given market. In this paper, we estimate consumer demand, extend clout and vulnerability framework, and study competition among multi-product manufacturers in differentiated product market. For our empirical analysis, we adopt choice-based aggregate demand model and estimate consumer demand while accounting for unobserved product characteristics. Once we estimate consumer demand, we compute full price elasticity matrix and investigate intra- and inter- manufacturer substitutions among consumers. This research offers a framework for marketers to analyze and understand market structures, leading them to informed decisions.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2019

This article analyzes the effects of regulation that restrict the conglomerate firms to participate in the public procurement of software. The regulation was implemented in 2013, and this article analyzes five years of firm performance before and after 2013 through DID (difference-in-difference method). In particular, this article analyzes how restrictions on conglomerate firms' participation in public software procurement affect middle and small firms performance. As a result, small-size firms achieve relatively positive results in private sector revenues compared to mid-size firms. However, there was no significant difference between the mid-size and small-size firms in profit margin. This study implies that the new policy is needed to improve the small and medium-size firms revenues on the private market by leveraging the public procurement market which restricted the conglomerate firms to participate. This can be done by complementing the regulation in line with servitization paradigm.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.363-382
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• 2010

It should be unthinkable to not provide water at survival of any living things. Water is too a basic element for development for a country. Currently, the global market of mineral water is growing rapidly. This study, I conceptualized mineral water as bottled water. In particularly, bottled water has seen huge global growth for the last few years. The annual growth rate of the market in the period 2005-2009 was 5.9%. Following a surge in obesity and subsequent health and wellness trends, many consumers are switching from sugary soft drinks to healthier alternatives. Therefore, the global bottled water market is one area which has big potential for growth, but price competition is getting intensified among multi-national and domestic firms. Korean providers too are faced with strong competition in growing domestic market. The bottled water market has presence of multinational provider like Nestle, Danone and Coca-Cola, which collectively account for 35.1% of the world market share in 2009. On the basis of a market orientation approach, this article looks at changing environments in the world mineral water industry and attempts to describe foreign market entry strategy of the Korean mineral water industry. The market orientation provides strong norms for learning from customers and competitors, is instrumental in creating a superior value for buyers, innovating successfully, and generating excellent firm performance. So firms should consider a strategic planning in basis on market orientation before they enter foreign markets. Some discussions were made about managerial implications for Korean bottled water providers.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 1999

This paper presents a model of competitive positioning and pricing of new products in a multi-segmented market. The segments in the market are located on a multi-dimensional discrete attribute space with fixed demands. Firms launch products sequentially on the attribute space, incurring fixed and variable costs, and then decide on their product prices. Each firm acts to maximize its profit. Market share of a firm is determined by the position and price of Its product. We provide sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of Nash equilibrium Another equilibrium concept is Introduced and related to the Nash equilibrium. A heuristic algorithm based on genetic algorithms is designed to obtain the Nash equilibrium.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.496-500
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• 2015

International construction projects are inherently more risky than domestic projects with multi-dimensional uncertainties that require complementary risk management at both the country and project levels. However, despite a growing need for systematic country evaluations, most studies have focused on project-level decisions and lack country-based approaches for firms in the construction industry. Accordingly, this study suggests data-driven approaches for evaluating countries using two quantitative models. The first is a two-stage country segmentation model that not only screens negative countries based on country attractiveness (macro-segmentation) but also identifies promising countries based on the level of past project performance in a given country (micro-segmentation). The second is a multi-criteria country segmentation model that combines a firm's business objective with the country evaluation process based on Kraljic's matrix and fuzzy preference relations (FPR). These models utilize not only secondary data from internationally reputable institutions but also performance data on Korean firms from 1990 to 2014 to evaluate 29 countries. The proposed approaches enable firms to enhance their decision-making capacity for evaluating and selecting countries at the early stage of corporate strategy development.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.153-170
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• 2020

Purpose - As the US-China trade war intensifies and lasts long time, there is growing concern about its potential effects on the global economy. In particular, for the countries like Korea that have a large economic dependence on the economy of the two countries, the US-China trade war may have a great repercussion in many ways. The aim of this paper is to investigate the global productivity and market structure implications of the US-China trade war for Korea, as well as for other surrounding countries and regions. Design/methodology - In this paper, we develop a full multi-country/region multi-sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of global trade incorporating heterogeneous workers and firms in individual skill levels and used technologies. We then calibrate the model using a global Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) dataset extracted from the recently released GTAP 10 Database, and assess the potential effects of the US-China trade war on the aggregate real productivity and the market structure for Korea, as well as for other surrounding countries and regions. Findings - We show that the US-China trade war may largely affect the aggregate productivity in each sector in each country/region, as well as the global market structure through entry and exit of firms, which results finally in considerable changes in the industrial comparative advantage of each country/region. Though the effects are diverse sector by sector, the results show that Korea may also be affected significantly: concerning the real productivity implications, it is shown that the machinery industry may be affected the most negatively; on the other hand, it is shown that the number of exporting firms may decrease the most in the other transports industry. Originality/value - As the US-China trade war intensifies, many studies have tried to estimate the possible implications, and for this usually the CGE models have largely been used as the standard tool for evaluating the impacts of changes in trade policies. Standard CGE models, however, cannot be used to assess the global productivity and market structure implications due to the symmetric and simplified base assumptions. This paper is the first to analyze and quantify the possible impacts of the US-China trade war on the aggregate productivity and global market structure using a CGE model incorporating endogenous skill-technology assignment of heterogeneous workers and firms.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2022

Purpose - We investigate how firms transfer financial risks to employees in a form of flexible employment contracts and layoffs. Design/methodology/approach - Based on the literature on the prevalence of shareholder value ideology and the associated 'risk shift', we examined how stock price volatility is associated with a firm's use and hiring of nonstandard employees, and the number of employees lay-offed. We test our hypotheses using a longitudinal, multi-source, dataset of Korean firms from 2003 to 2011. Findings - We found support for the relationship between stock price volatility and flexible employment contracts and layoffs after controlling for actual risks such as increased debt or decreased sales. However, we found that the relationship is moderated by the power of professional CEOs relative to that of shareholders, in that powerful CEOs are more likely to transfer the external risks, i.e. stock price volatility, to employees. Research implications or Originality - This study contributes the emerging stream of literature that explore the effect of stock market pressures and governance structures on human resource management.

• 산업공학
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.112-120
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• 2007

As the market rapidly changes, the speed of new product development is highlighted as a critical element which determines the success of firms. While firms endeavor to accelerate the development speed, frequent iterations in a development process hinders the effort of acceleration. For this reason, many previous researches tried to find the optimal structure of the development process which minimizes the number of iterations. However, such researches have a limitation in that they can be applied to only a single-project environment. In a multi-project environment, waiting time induced by lack of resources also delays the process as well as the iterations do. In this paper, we propose dynamic sequencing method focusing on both iterations and waiting time for reducing the durations of development projects in a multi-project environment. This method reduces the waiting time by changing the sequence of development tasks according to the states of resources. While the method incurs additional iterations, they are expected to be offset by the reduced waiting time. The results of simulation show that the dynamic sequencing method dramatically improves the efficiency of a development process. Especially, the improvement is more salient as projects are more crowded and the process is more unbalanced. This method gives a new insight in researches on managing multiple development projects.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.3-21
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• 1992

기술경쟁과 생산경쟁에 범위(範圍)의 경제(經濟)가 존재하고, 두 기업이 생산경쟁에서 전략적(戰略的) 대체관계(代替關係)에 있는 경우 경쟁기업간의 기술경쟁(技術競爭)은 적극적인 양상을 띠게 된다. 생산단계의 경쟁자를 견제하기 위환 전략적 대응으로 기술경쟁단계(技術競爭段階)에서 과잉된 기술투자(技術投資)와 기술이전(技術移轉)이 유발되는 것이다. 또한 과잉된 기술경쟁은 제품가격(製品價格)의 급속한 하락(下落)으로 연결된다. 이와 같은 맥락에서 최근 보도 된 바 있는 국산화 신제품에 대한 외국기업의 저가공세(低價攻勢)는 과점적(寡占的) 시장(市場)에서 나타나는 자연스런 현상으로 이해할 수 있다. 또한 기술경쟁단계에서 기술개발투자(技術開發投資)와 기술이전(技術移轉)은 전략적(戰略的) 대체관계(代替關係)뿐만 아니라 전략적(戰略的) 보완관계(補完關係)를 가질 수 있다. 이와 같이 대조적인 전략적 대응관계가 가능하기 때문에 국산화(國産化) 노력(努力)을 견제하고 국내시장(國內市場) 점유율(占有率)을 유지하기 위해 저가공세를 취하는 외국기업에 대한 대응방안(對應方案)으로 검토되고 있는 수입품에 대한 조정관세(調整關稅), 국산화 신제품에 대한 수요창출(需要創出), 기술투자의 채산성 보장을 위한 보조금지급(補助金支給) 등과 같은 정책변수(政策變數) 활용(活用)이 바람직한가를 사전적으로 규정하기는 어렵다. 즉 전략적 무역(산업)정책이론에서 주장하는 것처럼 관세부과(關稅賦課)나 보조금지급(補助金支給)이 국내기업의 시장점유율(市場占有率)과 기술투자규모(技術投資規模)를 향상 증대시키는 것은 아니라는 것이다.