• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.19 no.2 s.63
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• pp.19-28
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• 2005

The present paper outlines the numerical investigation of the incident wave interactions with fully submerged and floating dual double hull pontoon/vertical porous membrane breakwaters. Two dimensional five fluid-domains hydro-elastic formulation was carried out in the context of linear wave body interaction theory to study the wave interaction with the double hull of pontoon-membranes. The submerged circular pontoon is consisted of double hulls, which is filled with water in the void space between the outer structure and inner solid buoyant structure. Hydrodynamic characteristics of the proposed system with dual floating double-hull-pontoons filled with water have been studied numerically for the various incident waves. This study is a beginning stage research for the dual double hull porous pontoons/vertical porous membranes breakwaters which is ideally designed in order to suppress significantly the transmitted and reflected waves simultaneously.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

Korean traditional house has inherented construction characteristics that contain human requirements with the adaptation to nature's order. As for traditional buildings, there are a lot of facilities like palaces, Buddhist temples, Confucianism architectures, government facilities, etc. Among them, housing construction is not only closely connected to our lives, but also plays an important role to connect our lives from the past to present. The master room in a traditional korean house is responsible for playing a center role of the residential life which implies the traditional values responsible for multi-functions and it is also the sphere of the living space. Therefore, this thesis considers the residential environmental adjustment method and the behaviors centered around the main buildings of Jeonnam Province. And also investigates the main reason for windows and doors formation. From this, we would like to further evaluate the master room life, and the inner space constructions following the spacial and organizational analysis of windows and doors. We would like to analyze the space organization methods, environmental adjustment methods and the usages of traditional buildings. Using the modern interpretation as basis, we would like to use the foundation materials to reflect single family housing plans.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.3 s.56
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• pp.118-125
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• 2006

A number of the retail and traditional market customer is decrease, whereas that of the supermarket in department-store customers is increase. This case suggests that customers have a preference for much more comfortable and pleasant shopping places And making a reasonable purchase in the supermarkets where we can find various goods and price zone, is now garden variety. It is a current course that once the manager ask an architect for multi-functional space design in department-store and then the architect compose a team and start to design. Of course, the team of planner thinking manage give the design team the basic material data such as commerce analysis and the use of each layer in the department store but, the design team solve the assignment by architectural form, functional space plan and the limited architecture law, After establishing general design for architecture, we can ask shopping-mall distribution, products display and interior design of the interior design team. so it is inevitable that the interior design team concerning M$\cdot$D can find lots of complementary factors with architecture design. The purpose of this study is analyzing the differences of architecture design, which has to accept the limited law and interior design concerning M$\cdot$D, satisfying the structure and the law in the future design for the department-store. Also the purpose of this thesis is suggestion the items architects and interior designers research into together to make the inner space ideally.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.785-793
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• 2017

The guidelines for the district unit planning(DUP) of detached houses in the area of Misagangbyeon-City (MISA) do not consider the characteristics of the region. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the blocks and parking lots of the detached houses area. The research results can be summarized as follows: 1) Detailed design guidelines are provided for apartment homes in MISA, but not for detached houses. 2) Apartment home and multi-family house parking lot equivaluation calculations exist in the DUP guidelines, however there are no regulations related to detached houses and the problem of parking for these residents is worsening which causes tension. 3) The DUP guidelines stipulate that the outer wall material of multi-family houses must be glass, however this is a dangerous material for use on the first floor, because cars that park close to this wall. 4) There is a significant risk to elementary and kindergarten students who must walk along the road in the inner blocks where cars are driving quickly. 5) There are a number of issues involved when planning parking lots without considering the characteristics of the area. The local government uses the traditional parking lot codes without considering the current regional characteristics, whereas the number of cars has dramatically increased. 6) The pedestrian mall is not currently being used for pedestrians, because it is full of parked cars due to the lack of parking space.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.2 s.119
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• pp.196-217
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• 2007

During the last decade, Los Angeles Koreatown experienced unprecedented changes transforming it from an immigrant ethnic enclave into a transnational economic space. Alongside of the city government's redevelopment plans and local Korean Americans' grass-root efforts to regenerate Koreatown, transnational Korean actors have aggressively invested in property as well as business sectors. However, despite these multi-scaled geographic transitions, Koreatown remains one of the poorest and most crime-infested inner-city communities in the City of Los Angeles. This paper, based on a 'place-based' bottom-up approach, investigates contradictory geographies of Koreatown in which multi-scaled network of hegemonic transnational, urban and local development actors has developed representational, unlived economies. This research points out that the recent urban regeneration of Koreatown has not only excluded but also exploited local community members such as transnational Korean/Latino workers in the area. This paper conclusively suggests that the sustainable future of Koreatown's development would stem from place-based community consciousness that crisscrosses racial and ethnic boundaries.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.461-467
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• 2017

Shrimps infected with WSSV(White Spot Syndrome Virus) generally exhibit white spots in their inner space of carapaces as an acute clinical sign. In an effort to identify the correlation between this acute clinical sign and the condition, the index factors (RNA/DNA concentration and ratio, trypsin activity) were analyzed. A total 580 farmed Fenneropenaeus chinensis and 130 Lithopenaeus vannamei were collected from western and southern fifteen outdoor ponds in Korea. The status of the white spot pathology was divided into four stages (stage 0, stage I, stage II, and stage III), in accordance with the clinical signs as to the size and area of white spots. A significant decrease in RNA concentration and RNA/DNA ratio for multi-infected fleshy prawn (WSSV and vibrio sp.) occurred during the stage III (the whole carapace is covered with a white spot). In particular, RNA/DNA ratio was significantly lower as $1.47{\pm}0.04$ than other groups. A similar trend was also found in the single infection (WSSV), but the decrease was less than the multi-infection. In the species comparison, both species were vulnerable to the multi-infection, but L. vannamei was more sensitive than F. chinensis(ANOVA, p<0.05): A significant decrease in RNA concentration and RNA/DNA ratio was first found in stage II for the former species, while it was found in stage III for the latter species. Trypsin activity was also showed a similar tendency with nucleic acid variation. Multi-infected shrimp showed drastically decrease of trypsin activity. According to the results, clinical signs of the white spot under carapace have an only physiological effect on shrimp if they covered entirely with white spots.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2016

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are too compact to be resolved by any existing optical telescope facility, making it difficult to understand their structure and the emission processes responsible for their huge energy output. However, variability, one of their characteristic properties, provides a tool to probe the inner regions of AGN. Blazars are the best candidates for such a study, and hence a considerable amount of effort is being made to investigate variability in these sources across the electromagnetic spectrum. Here, using the Mt. Abu infrared observatory (MIRO) blazar monitoring program, we present intra-night, inter-night, and long term aspects of the variability in S5 0716+71, 3C66A, and OJ 287. These stars show significant variability on short (a few tens of mins, to a few hours, to a few days) to long term (months to years) timescales. Based on the light travel time argument, the shortest variability timescales (micro-variability) provide upper limits to the size of the emission region. While S5 0716 shows a very high duty cycle of variability (> 80 %), 3C66A shows a much lower intra day variability (IDV) duty cycle (< 20 %). All three show rapid variations within 2.5 to 3.5 hr, which, perhaps, are generated near the vicinity of black holes. Assuming this, estimates of the masses of the black holes are made at ~10⁹, 8×10⁸, and 2.7×10⁹ M_⨀ for S5 0716+71, 3C66A, and OJ 287, respectively. Multi-wavelength light-curves for the blazar PKS 1510-089 are discussed to infer the emission processes responsible for the recent flaring episodes in this source.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.88-97
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• 2009

In these days, it attracts our attention to create a green outdoor environment around the building block in urban area. Green space and permeable ground covering are increased by laws and regulations. According to these trends, variety researches for improving outdoor environment are accomplished at this moment. However, the problems for outdoor environment such as heat island effect and air contaminant in urban area are still reported. The purpose of this study is to examine the variables to affect the formation of outdoor thermal environment by quantitative analysis. As a initial study, in this paper, the effect of ground composition on changes of surface temperature and heat flux in multi-residential building were analyzed by field measurement and numerical simulation. Through field measurement, the surface temperature and heat flux of artificial ground in multi-residential building in Suwon city were measured. The result showed that the surface temperature was decreased by about $20^{\circ}C$ with afforestation of artificial ground compared with those of concrete covering. Moreover, the inner temperature of artificial ground was changed as same behaviors of outdoor temperature changes to depths of 20cm. In simulation, the effect of soil types and depth of artificial ground on the changes of the surface temperature and heat flux were analyzed. As results, the natural soil ground was more effective against lowering the surface temperature than any other cases in the analyzed cases.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.77-88
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• 2003

This paper proposes a solution algorithm for solving a multi-class analytical DTA model. In the DTA model, three traveler classes are classified according to different assumptions of traveler's route choice behavior: including fixed route, Stochastic Dynamic User Optimum(SDUO), and Dynamic User Optimum(DUO). To solve this DTA model, variables of link flow and exit flow are represented solely by inflow. The resulting Linear Program(LP) subproblem in the inner iteration is solved as a typical time-dependent shortest route problem over a physical network. Accordingly, the required time-space network expansion in solving DTA models is no longer needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.37-44
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• 1999

A number of the retail and traditional market customer is decrease, whereas that of the supermarket in department-store customers in is increase. This case suggests that customers have a preference for much more comfortable and pleasant shopping places And making a resonable purchase in the supermarkets where we can find various goods and price zone, is now garden variety. It is a current course that once the manager ask an architect for multi-functional space design in department-store and then the architect compose a team and start to design. Of course, the team of planner thinking manage give the design team the basic material data such as commerce analysis and the use of each layer in the department store but, the design team solve the assignment by architectural form, functional space plan and the limited architecture law. After establishing general design for architecture, we can ask shopping-mall distribution, products display and interior design of the interior design general design for architecture, we can ask shopping-mall distribution, products display and interior design of the interior design team. so it is inevitable that the interior design team concerning M·D can find lots of complementary factors with architecture design. The purpose of this study is analyzing the differences of architecture design, which has to accept the limited law and interior design concerning M·D, satisfying the structure and the law in the future design for the department-store. Also the purpose of this thesis is suggestion the items architects and interior designers research into together to make the inner space ideally.