• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.155-159
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to determine physiological and mechanical factors effecting on the pregnancy rates following artificial insemination in dairy cattle. Estrus for artificial insemination of cows was checked whether the outflow of mucus from the elements was out flow or not. There were no significant difference of gestation rates with mucus release (31.76%) and without mucus release (24.03%). The pregnancy rates were 39.02% in 10~20mm of follicle size group and 27.08% (p<0.05) in 20~30mm diameter of the follicles. There were not different pregnancy rates between twice inseminated dairy cattle and more than 3 times inseminated cattle. The pregnancy rate was 28.57% under automatic milking system. In contrast, under artificial milking system pregnancy rate was 56.85%. Two systems significantly (p<0.05) were different. These results suggest that pregnancy rates were not effected by physiological system, but mechanical condition.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2020

Chronic inflammatory airway diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, are associated with excessive mucus production. Hence, the regulation of mucus production is important for the treatment of upper and lower airway diseases. Eupatilin is a pharmacologically active ingredient obtained from Artemisia asiatica Nakai (Asteraceae) and exerts potent anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities. In the present study, we investigated the effect of eupatilin on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced MUC5AC and MUC5B expression in human airway epithelial cells. We found that eupatilin treatment significantly inhibited PMA-induced mucus secretion in PAS staining. In addition, qRT-PCR results showed that eupatilin dose-dependently decreased the mRNA expression of MUC5AC in human airway epithelial cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence assay also showed that PMA-induced protein expression of MUC5AC was inhibited by eupatilin treatment. Finally, we investigated MAPKs activity after stimulation with PMA using western blot analysis in human airway epithelial cells. The results showed that eupatilin downregulated the levels of phosphorylated p38, ERK, and JNK. In summary, the anti-inflammatory activities of eupatilin, characterized as the suppression of MUC5AC expression and secretion in human airway epithelial cells, were found to be associated with the inhibition of p38/ERK/JNK MAPKs signaling pathway of MUC5AC secretion.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 1979

백합에 대한 수은, 구리 및 카드뮴의 독성정도를 구명하기 위하여 $1978.6.28\~7.15$간 정수식으로 실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 수은 및 구리 용액에는 농도가 커질수록 점액을 분비하는 개체가 많아졌으나 카드뮴용액과 정상해수에 투입한 백합은 점액을 방출하지 않았다. 1mg/l 농도의 수조에서 15시간후에 분비한 점액은 수은에서는 $42.9\%$, 구리에서는 $14.3\%$ 나타냄으로서 수은이 구리보다 혐기도가 더 컸다. 농도와 사망률과의 관계에서 96시간후에 반치사농도(96hr-LC50)는 수은 0.67mg/l, 구리 7.04mg/l, 카드뮴 7.10mg/l, 로서 독성의 순위는 수은-구리-카드뮴이었다. 또한 각수조에서 $50\%$의 폐사를 일으키는데 소요한 시간(Lethal Tim 50)은 일반적으로 농도가 클수록 L. T.50값이 작아짐으로서 일정 농도에서는 노출시간이 반응을 유발시키는 자극이 되고 있으며 실제 중금속의 40mg/l에서 L.T.50값은 수은 55.8시간, 구리 104.8시간, 카드뮴 111.9시간으로서 동일농도에서는 수은-구리-카드뮴순으로 사망이 일어 났음을 밝혔다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2020

본 연구는 금화규의 화장품 소재로 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 금화규 동결건조추출물 용액의 점도가 첨가농도에 따라 모두 증가하였으며, 염기성 수성용매로 추출한 WF에서 높은 점성이 확인되었다. 금화규 10%의 실험군 emulsion과 동결건조 달팽이 점액 10%의 대조군 emulsion을 제작하여 점도 비교 결과 WF 실험군의 증가율이 12만 9200 cPs로 가장 높았다. 피부 탄력과 수분측정 실험 결과 금화규 추출물이 달팽이 점액보다 높았다. 본 연구를 통하여 금화규 동결건조추출물이 피부의 탄력, 수분 효과가 있는 것으로 확인하였으며, 금화규가 지닌 천연적 특성을 고려한 추출법이 화장품 원료로서의 높은 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.339-351
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• 1999

Excess secretion of goblet cell stimulated by inhalation anesthetics have side effects during operation or postoperative care. Mucosubstances, which are almost secreted by goblet cells in the epithelium of the respiratory tract, are secreted by a direct irritation of inhalation anesthetics. This study was carried out to compare the differences of mucus secretion on lower respiratory tract stimulated by ethyl ether, halothane and isoflurane. Total of 24 rabbits were used as experimental animals. The trachea and the 1st bronchi were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. After embedding in paraffin, the specimens were sectioned to a thickness of 6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, and PAS-H, Alcian blue pH 2.5 and Alcian blue pH 1.0 stains were performed for the observation of the composition and the quantity of the mucus. The results were as follows; Ethyl ether and isoflurane irritated the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. Ethyl ether irritated more than isoflurane. Halothane irritated the mucous membrane, but its effect was minimal and had little influences during operation. In the specimens stained with PAS-H, Alcian blue pH 2.5 and Alcian blue pH 1.0, the mucosubstance lining the cilia and in the goblet cells of the trachea and 1st bronchi were the strongly PAS-H reactive mucosubstances, moderately Alcian blue pH 2.5 and Alcian blue pH 1.0. The PAS-H reactive mucosubstance were polysaccharides, neutral mucopolysaccharides, mucoproteins, glycoproteins and glycolipids. Trachea was easily affected than bronchi by inhalation anesthetics. Consequently, it is suggested that because halothane does not irritates respiratory mucosal secretion, its application may be efficient to the depressed respiratory system.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.135-143
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• 1998

산업 발달과 더불어 경제가 발전하고 있으나, 그것에 따른 매연의 증가로 인해 호흡기 질환으로 고생하고 있는 환자가 날로 늘어나고 있는 실정으로 임상에서 특히 많이 발생되는 만성 호흡기질환 중 호흡기 조직 자체에 손상을 일으킬 수 있는 질환이 많기에, 이에 소자도담강기탕이 인위적으로 호흡기 조직을 손상시킨 것에 대해 얼마나 효과가 있는지 알아보고저 본실험을 하였는 바, 방법은 흰쥐를 대상으로 $SO_2$를 흡인시킨 후 5일간, 그리고 $SO_2$ 흡입 전 10일과, 흡입 후 5일간 연속으로 소자도담강기탕을 경구투여하여 기관상피 및 전액분비세포를 관찰하여 유의한 효과를 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.76-87
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• 2008

Objectives: In this study, the author investigated whether Haengso-tang (HST) and Chwiyeon-tang (CHT) affect both in vitro mucin secretion and MUC5AC gene expression in airway epithelial cells and in vivo mucin secretion from animal model for airway mucus hypersecretion. Materials and Methods: Confluent HTSE cells (non-labeled) were chased for 30 min in the presence of HST and CHT to assess the effects of the agents on mucin secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with removal of oriental herbal medicine extract from each agent-treated sample by centrifuge microfilter. Also, the effects of the agents on TNF- or EGF-induced MUC5AC gene expression in human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were investigated. The author also induced hypersecretion of airway mucus by exposure of rats to SO2 for 3 weeks. Effects of orally-administered HST and CHT during 1 week on in vivo mucin secretion from tracheal goblet cells of rats were assessed using ELISA. Results: (1) HST significantly decreased in vitro mucin secretion from cultured HTSE cells. However, CHT did not affect in vitro mucin secretion from HTSE cells; (2) CHT significantly inhibited the expression levels of EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC gene in NCI-H292 cells. However, HST did not affect the expression levels of EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC gene in NCI-H292 cells; (3) CHT significantly inhibited hypersecretion of in vivo mucin. However, HST did not affect hypersecretion of in vivo mucin. Conclusion: These results suggest that CHT can not only affect the secretion of mucin but also the expression of the mucin gene and could be helpful for treating pulmonary disease caused by secretion of mucin.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.970-975
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• 2010

Because Lonicerae Flos has effects of antiinflammatory and antioxidant, we studied an effect of Lonicerae Flos on reflux esophagitis (RE) through those effects. Rats were treated with three different dosages of LF (500, 250 and 125 mg/kg) orally for 14 days before pylorus and forestomach ligation. Six hrs after pylorus and forestomach ligation, we dissected a stomach and examined a stomach volume, gastric acid output, pepsin release in the stomach, total hexose, sialic acid in stomach tissue and histamine contents of sera. The results were compared with an ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (once orally, 1hr before operation, 30 mg/kg) treated group in which the effects on RE were already confirmed. Lonicerae Flos extract (LE) reduced gastric volumes compared to RE control. This indicate that LE protect a stomach mucosa by depressing of gastric acid release and corresponse with a reducing histamine content of serum. And LE decreasd a volume of pepsin in stomach compraed to RE control, LE increased contents of total hexose and sialic acid based on esophageal and gastric mucus. This indicated that an increased mucus by LE protected inflammation of esophagus mucosa and gastric mucosa induced by gastric acid. So, LE suppressed a gasric acid by decreasing a pepsin release in stomach, suppressed an injury of esophagus inducted by gastric acid with increasing esophageal mucus and a minimum dose of LE to RE was 250 mg/kg. The results suggest that antioxidant effects of LF could attenuate the severity of reflux esophagitis and prevent the esophageal mucosal damage, and validate its therapeutic use in esophageal reflux disease.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.247-257
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• 2008

To understand the activity of non-specific defence factors in cultured Sebastes, the antibacterial effect of the serum, skin mucus and homogenate of various organs from cultured oblong rockfish (Sebastes oblongus) and rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli) against pathogenic bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio anguillarum, and Streptococcus sp. was compared with that of flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus) and seabass(Leteolabrax japonicus). And the activities of proteolytic enzyme, chitinolytic enzyme and haemolycin as non-specific defence factor were investigated on the oblong rockfish and rockfish. Samples from oblong rockfish showed the highest antibacterial activity by lysoplate assay on agar plate mixed with pathogens, followed in descending order by rockfish, seabass, and flounder. Turbidimetric assay was carried to evaluate the lysozyme activity of fish samples against lyophilized cells of Micrococcus lysodeiktikus. The serum, kidney, liver, stomach, intestine and eyeball of oblong rockfish and the mucus and gill of rockfish appeared to have the highest lysozyme activity among the fish strains investigated. All samples except skin mucus, liver, and eyeball of oblong rockfish and rockfish showed proteolytic enzyme activity. Chitinolytic enzyme activity was showed in random sampling and haemolytic activity was remarkable in oblong rockfish. Therefore, Sebastes strain was proved to have effective defense mechanisms based on the antibacterial activities, and lysozyme, proteolytic enzyme, chitinolytic enzyme, and haemolycin were considered to act as the non-specific defence factor of Sebastes.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.807-813
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the acupuncture points and the The Meridians and Collaterals which are often applicable to Allergic Rhinitis treatment and to help us do a clinical diagnosis. In my discretion, to study Allergic Rhinitis, investigating rhinitis, syuffy nose and nasal mucus is essential. And 1 investigated the acupuncture points and The Meridians and Collaterals and dialectic patterns which are useful for the acupuncture and moxibustion treatment. 1 also investigated the correlation of the acupuncture points, and The Meridians and Collaterals and other dialectic patterns. The order of frequency in use of The Meridians and Collaterals is The Governor Vessel, The Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming, The Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang and the order of frequency in moxibustion is The Governor Vessel, The Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming. In the acupuncturation of stuffy nose, there are 33 points, and the order of frequency in use is LU2O, GV23, LU4, GBI 5, GV2O, BL7, GV22. In the acupuncturation of nasal mucus, there are 21 points, and the order of frequency in use is LU2O,, GV23, GVl6, GV26, BLl2, GV2O, GB2O. It is thought that acupuncture points LU2O, GV23, LU4 can go through the nasal cavity and remove wind fever. And those are used for the face and the five sensory organs diseases. It means that those acupuncture points have similar efficacy. It is thought that The Meridians and Collaterals of The Governor Vessel, The Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming, The Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang go on a patrol near nose and cure nose disease.