• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.379-389
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• 2005

Obstructive adenitis of the salivary gland following salivary stone or infectious disease of the gland and surrounding tissues is a common disease. It is often difficult to decide whether to perform total excision of the gland or to consider conservative treatment. The present study was designed to investigate histological, histochemical changes of submandibular gland after ligating the excretory duct for identifying the results of gland duct obstruction. A group of 40 rat of Sprague-Dawley weighing about $200{\sim}220gm$ were used in the present study. 30 rats had ligation of the main excretory ducts of submandibular glands just at the exit from the glands. For controls, 10 rats had a sham operation without duct ligation. They were inducted into euthanagia state by intracardial Ketamine injection in 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after the ligation. In each ligation period, 3 animals were used for ligation and one animal was for control. The submandibular glands were dissected out at sacrifice and stained with H&E, PAS, mucicarmine stain and histological examination were carried out under the light microscope. After examination and comparison of all specimens, the results were as follows: 1. In the features of H&E stain, acini disappeared by degrees after the ligation of the excretary duct and interstitial cells were displaced into fibrous connective tissue. Salivary gland had been atrophied with enlarging ducts and proliferating ductal cells. 2. Through total experimental period, a lot of vessels were observed and the atrophy of serous gland was severer than that of mucous gland. 3. The deep portion of submandibular glands showed severe degeneration rather than superficial portion of them after the ligation. 4. The changes which had enlarged ducts and proliferating ductal cells were observed in entire gland and more prominent in serous gland than mucous gland after the ligation. 5. Although PAS and mucicarmine reactions were decreased gradually after the ligation with the lapse of time, since 2 to 3 weeks they were strong positive reactions on entire gland, especially on duct-like structure. So, we can suggest that salivary gland will be atrophied but, survived acini will be redistributed around the ducts.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.413-420
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• 2002

Mercury is one of the most frequently used heavy metal in dental clinic. Mercury poisoning rises up when someone is exposed to mercury chronically. In 1818, Amalgam was used for dental restorative procedure, and after then study about mercury toxicity has begun. Clinical signs of mercury toxicity in oral & maxillofacial area were increases of salivation, metallic taste, swelling and pain of tongue, redness and ulceration of oral mucosa, and increased mobility and loss of teeth. After we injected mercury($HgCl_{2}$) into intraperitoneum of rat, studied about histopathological changes of submandibular gland cell. Experimental group was divided into two groups by amount of mercury. (Group 1 was 0.5mg/Kg of mercury injection, group 2 was 1.0mg/Kg of mercury injection.) 1. After 3days of intraperitoneal injection, black granules were observed at macrophage cell in both group. In group 2, author found hyperchromatism of nucleus, and vacuolization of cellular matrix and nucleus of acinar cell. 2. After 1week of intraperitoneal injection, author found severe vacuolization of nucleus and cellular matrix, and irregular granules around nuclear membrane at mucous cell and serous cell in both group. Vacuolization of nucleus and cellular matrix was seen at duct cell in group 2. 3. After 2weeks of intraperitoneal injection, author could found severe vacuolization of cellular matrix, and sometimes nucleus was positioned in central area of cellular matrix at mucous and serous cell in both group. Vacuolization of nucleus and cellular matrix was found at vascular endothelial cell in group 2. 4. After 4weeks of intraperitoneal injection, destruction and distortion of gland cells were distinct. Vacuolization and destruction of nucleus and cellular matrix was found at duct cell in group 2. After intraperitoneal injection of mercury, we found equanimity of mercury and destruction of cellular matrix at serous cell, mucous cell, and duct cell of submandibular gland. So, we thought that metallic taste of mercury poisoning patient would be due to excretion of saliva containing mercury.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2007

The lacrimal gland are compound tubule-acinar glands. The main lacrimal function is the production of the aqueous layer, the thickest and major constituent of the precorneal tear film. The lacrimal gland also has an important function in the defense system of the ocular surface, forming a part of the conjunctival-associated hymphoid tissue. The ultrastructural characteristics of the lacrimal gland of the rabbit were described. The lacrimal tissues of rabbits were processed through the conventional techniques for transmission electron microscopy. The secretory portions consisted of three cell types: 1. Serous cells with electron dense secretory granules. 2. Seromucous cells containing variable moderately electron dense secretory granules with flocculent material. 3. Mucous rolls containing mucous secretory granules. The serous cells were situated at the basal portion of acini, and they contained electron dense granules of variable densities and sizes. The seromucous cells contained a few protein secretory granules and more mucous secretory granules. The mucous cells contained even fewer protein secretory granules and exclusively mucous secretory granules. The epithelium of the intralobular ducts showed secretory granules, junctional complexes, and large basolateral intercellular spaces with lateral folds. These study might be helpful in determining inter-relationships, similarities and differences among the orbital glands of various physiological or pathological conditions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.183-197
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• 1991

After single fraction of 2, 5, 10 Gy irradiation on submandibular gland of 40 male rats, weighing 150gm, respectively, these animal were sacrificed two hours after 0.1㎎/g bromodeoxyuridine (Sigma) peritoneal injection in 1, 3, 7, 15 hours, 1, 3, 7 days after irradiation. And excised submandibular gland were fixed in Carnoy's and Bouin's solution for 2 hours. Paraffin sections were stained with H&E, and PAS for the observation of the change of salivary gland tissue, and with Feulgen for the study of the DNA distribution, and immunohistochemically stained with anti-bromodeoxyuridine (Sanbyo Co.) for detection of DNA synthetic cells in order to study the distribution of DNA synthetic cells of salivary gland tissue and endothelium after irradiation in 5 different sites of 6 slides on X 200 high power field. The results were as followings. 1. In PAS staining 3 days after 5Gy irradiation, decreased mucine secretion of serous cells were found, and 7 days after l0Gy irradiation, decreased mucine secretion of mucous cells were found. 2. In histopathologic features, degeneration of serous cells were found in 3 days after 2 Gy irradiation and there was little change in mucous cells and excretory duct cells. 3. In Feugen staining, 3 days after 2 Gy, 5 Gy irradiation, more high percentage of DNA synthetic cells were found in intercalated duct cells, striated duct cells and excretory duct cells than in BrdU staining. 4. In immunohistochemical features, DNA synethsis of serous cells and granular convoluted tubular cells abruptly decreased in early period after irradiation and showed no recovery in 7 days after irradiation but there was an increase in DNA synthesis of intercalated duct cells, striated duct cells and excretory duct cells, which have less S-phase cells comparatively, in 7 days after 2 Gy, 5 Gy irradiation. 5. In immunohistochemical features, the DNA synthesis of endothelial cells was continuously decreased after irradiation but showed slight increase in 7 days after 2 Gy and S Gy irradiation.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.329-343
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• 1998

Early wound healing responses in the skin of the Korean fire bellied toad, Bombina orientalis, were examined using histochemical , scanning and transmission electron microscopical techniques. Cutaneous wounds were induced by sharp razor blade , and maintained in special cages for up to 3 days. By this treatment whole parts of epithelium and dermis were profoundly affected. After injury, retraction of damaged surface of the skin was observed. At 3 hours after injury, poly-band was form by mucous substance. The wound skin consisted of mucous gland secreted mucous substance which flows into wound cavity and the wound area was sealed by mucous substance which form thick layer at 6 hours. It appeared that natural disposition showed acid and neutral mucous substance by reaction of PAS and Alcian blue (pH 2.5) staining. After formation of the poly-band, epithelial cells were formed by migration of regenerating epithelial cells. These cells moved over the wound surface by migration at 12 hours after wounding. Poly-band was much increased in thickness and migrating cells were completely formed wound closure at 24 hours post-wounding. After 72 hours regenerated epithelial layer consists of four or five cell layers which are similar to clear, granular, and spinous layer.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.215-218
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• 2012

Mucoceles are common benign cystic lesions of the oral cavity that develop following extravasation or retention of mucous material from the major or minor salivary glands. Mucoceles are usually located in the lower lip (60 to 70% of cases), and the floor of the mouth is only involved in 6 to 15% of cases. Submandibular gland mucocele is extremely rare but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of swelling at the submandibular triangle in young children. We present the rare case of a 16-month-old child who was diagnosed with bilateral submandibular gland mucocele, presenting as serial swellings in both submandibular regions. We removed the cystic mass with the submandibular and sublingual glands to prevent recurrence.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.547-550
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• 2001

Acinic cell carcinoma is a rare salivary gland carcinoma, usually being found in the parotid gland and is uncommon in the other major and minor salivary glands. The tumor cells consist of either serous or mucous acinar cells with few ductal or myoepithelial cell elements. The tumor is a low-grade malignancy with slow growth potential. Surgical therapy depends on tumor size and the extent of infiltration into neighboring tissues. Superficial parotidectomy or total parotidectomy is the initial method of therapy in case of acinic cell carcinoma on parotid gland. When regional neck lymph nodes are involved, the operation is combined with a neck dissection, or with radiation therapy. In the short follow up period, acinic cell carcinoma has good prognosis with 5 year survival rate after surgery is over 80%. In the long-term follow-up, however, there is a tendency to increase in recurrence or metastasis. We experienced a case of acinic cell carcinoma of parotid gland in a 57-year-old female, so we report it with literatures review.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.38
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• pp.35.1-35.5
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• 2016

Background: Mucous retention cyst refers to a cyst made by expansion due to the blockage of the salivary gland near the maxillary sinus, and it is surrounded by epithelial cells. Most of them are small; therefore, they cannot be found well and are frequently with antral polyp. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical prognosis of sinus bone graft in patients with mucous retention cyst. Methods: This study was performed retrospectively on 23 patients who had sinus bone graft. Group 1 was 8 patients (10 sinuses) who had a mucous retention cyst, and group 2 was 15 patients (17 sinuses) who had no pathologic history about the maxillary sinus. For these patients, sinus bone graft was performed using the lateral approach technique. The total 51 implants were placed 6.22 weeks on the average after sinus bone graft. Sinus membrane perforation during operation, postoperative complications, marginal bone loss after restorative function, implant success rate, and survival rate were analyzed. Results: There was no complication in group 1, and there were three complications in group 2. In group 2, two cases of implants failed. The types of postoperative complications consisted of two minor infections and one wound dehiscence. Two implants of total 51 implants were removed, and the survival rate of implants was 96.08 % (group 1 100 %, group 2 93.5 %). The total success rate of implants was 92.2 % (group 1 95 %, group 2 90.3 %). Conclusions: The clinical prognosis was not affected by the presence of mucous retention cyst.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.147-155
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• 2016

This study describes the cell type, ultrastructure and histochemical characteristics as a preliminary study for the research on integument of the smooth lumpsucker, Aptocyclus ventricosus in accordance with the physiological and environmental changes using light and electron microscopes. The SEM revealed the presence of well-developed finger printing structure in the skin surface. The skin surface of the smooth lumpsucker showed an irregular folds in cross section of light microscope. Integument is composed of outer epidermal and inner dermal layer. The epidermal layer is a stratified layer composed of epithelial cells, mucous cells, vacuolar cells, and granular cells. Epithelial cells are classified into superficial, intermediated, and basal cell. The superficial cells were the squamous with well-developed microridges on the free surface, and the microridges were covered with glycocalyx. The mucous cells of unicellular gland were mainly distributed in the apical layer of epidermis and contained mucosal materials of neutral glycoprotein. The vacuolar cells of unicellular gland were mainly distributed in the mid and basal layer of epidermis. The proportion of mucous cells and vacuolar cells were $7.0({\pm}1.07)%$ and $40.6({\pm}3.31)%$ of epidermal area, respectively. The granular cells contained membrane bounded secretory granules with high electron density and developed cell organelles in the cytoplasm. The dermal layer was loose connective tissue layer and composed of mainly collagen fibers. It also contained blood vessels and chromatophores of melanophores and reflecting platelets.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.178-185
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• 2023

This study was described the microscopic anatomy of male reproductive organs and spermatophore necessary for understanding the reproductive ecology of the long arm octopus Octopus minor. The long arm octopus was a species that has sexual dimorphism that can distinguish between sex based on the presence of hectocotylus. Male reproductive organs consisted of testis, primary spermatic duct, spermatic gland, secondary spermatic duct, spermatophoric gland and spermatophoric sac. Histologically, the testis was testicular tubule type and male germ cells showed a layered arrangement. The primary spermatic duct was a tube connecting the testis and spermatic gland, and consisted with epithelial layer and connective tissue. The spermatic gland was located between the primary and secondary spermatic duct, and the epithelial layer was composed of epithelial cells and mucous cells. Mucous cells reacted blue in the AB-PAS (pH 2.5) reaction and purple in the AF-AB (pH 2.5) reaction. The secondary spermatic duct was a short tube connecting spermatic gland and spermatophoric gland, and folds were developed in lumen. The spermatophoric gland consisted of numerous tubular glands and secretory cells had eosinophilic granules. The spermatophoric sac was shape of pouch, folds were developed in lumen, and vacuolar secretory cells were present in the epithelial layer. The spermatophore was 83.5 mm long and consisted of cap thread in anterior portion, ejaculatory apparatus and cement body in medial portion, sperm mass in posterior portion.