• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.1223-1236
• /
• 2014

With the extension of wireless technology, vehicular ad hoc networks provide important services for the dissemination of general data and emergency warnings. However, since, the vehicle topology frequently changes from a dense to a sparse network depending on the speed of the moving vehicles and the time of day, vehicular ad hoc networks require a protocol that can facilitate the efficient and reliable dissemination of emergency messages in a highly mobile environment under dense or intermittent vehicular connectivity. Therefore, this paper proposes a new vehicular broadcast protocol, called BL-CAST, that can operate effectively in both dense and sparse network scenarios. As a low overhead multi-hop broadcast protocol, BL-CAST does not rely on the periodic exchange of beacons for updating location information. Instead, the location information of a vehicle is included in a broadcast message to identify the last rebroadcasting vehicle in an intermittently connected network. Simulation results show that BL-CAST outperforms the DV-CAST protocol in terms of the end-to-end delay, message delivery ratio and network overhead.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.163-168
• /
• 2003

현실 세계에서 자동차, 비행기, 태풍의 이동 등과 같이 시간에 따라 연속적으로 위치 및 모양이 변화하는 객체를 이동 객체라 한다. 이와 같은 이동 객체 정보를 다루기 위해서는 연속적으로 변화하는 정보를 저장해야 하며, 이로 인해 대용량 정보를 효과적으로 다루기 위한 색인이 필요하다. 특히, LBS를 제공을 위한 GPS 환경에서의 차량 관리 시스템 등에서는 이동 객체 관리를 위해 빠른 검색을 필요로 한다. 그리고, 기존의 이동 객체 색인은 대부분 R-트리의 구조를 가지기 때문에, 데드 스페이스 및 오버랩 등 R-트리의 문제점을 갖게 되고, 고려하는 초점에 따라 이 문제가 더 커진다. 따라서, 이 논문에서는 PDA를 활용한 차량 추적 시스템을 개발하고, R-트리의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 MP-트리 노드 연산 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 노드 연산 기법은 하위 노드의 경계 정보를 순서대로 저장함으로써, 데드 스페이스 및 오버랩으로 인한 불필요한 검색 비용과 분할 비용을 줄이고, 특정 시점 질의 및 시공간 범위 질의를 효과적으로 처리한다. 기존 이동 객체 색인과 비교한 실험으로부터 이동 객체 질의 처리 및 공간 활용에 대해 노드 연산이 유용하게 쓰임을 확인하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2013

All-wheel steering (AWS) system is applied to articulated vehicles to reduce turning radius. The swing-out suppression algorithm is applied to AWS ECU, a key component of AWS system. The swing-out suppression algorithm applied to AWS ECU has a problem when velocity of vehicle is changed. In this paper, new algorithm based on moving distance that solve velocity problem is proposed. The HILS simulation and the test articulated bus is used to validate algorithm.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.204-213
• /
• 2016

A differential game theory based approach is used to develop an automated maneuver generation algorithm for Within Visual Range (WVR) air-to-air combat of unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs). The algorithm follows hierarchical decisionmaking structure and performs scoring function matrix calculation based on differential game theory to find the optimal maneuvers against dynamic and challenging combat situation. The score, implying how much air superiority the UCAV has, is computed from the predicted relative geometry, relative distance and velocity of two aircrafts. Security strategy is applied at the decision-making step. Additionally, a barrier function is implemented to keep the airplanes above the altitude lower bound. To shorten the simulation time to make the algorithm more real-time, a moving horizon method is implemented. An F-16 pseudo 6-DOF model is used for realistic simulation. The combat maneuver generation algorithm is verified through three dimensional simulations.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2002

An acoustic finite element model of a bridge is developed to evaluate the noise generated by the traffic-induced vibration of the bridge. The dynamic response of a multi-girder bridge, modeled by a 3-dimensional frame element model, is analyzed with a 3-axle 8 DOFs truck model and a 5-axle 13 DOFs semi-trailer. The flat plate element is used to analyze the acoustic pressure due to the fluid-structure interactions between the vibrating surface and contiguous acoustic fluid medium. The radiation fields of noise with a specified distribution of vibrating velocity and pressure on the structural surface are also computed using the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral. Although the noise produced by the bridge vibration is not serious in itself, which is below the audible frequency range, it should be considered as an interaction problem between vehicle noise and bridge vibration noise in order to evaluate the traffic noise around the bridge.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.354-361
• /
• 2002

This paper propose section properties factor to generate stress history for fatigue analysis and safety inspection of steel bridge. A methodology is described for the computation of numerical stress histories in the steel truss bridge, caused by the vehicles using section properties factor. The global 3-D beam model of bridge is combined with the local shell model of selected details. Joint geometry is introduced by the local shell model. The global beam model takes the effects of joint rigidity and interaction of structural elements into account. Connection nodes in the global beam model correspond to the end cross-section centroids of the local shell model. Their displacements are interpreted as imposed deformations on the local shell model. The load cases fur the global model simulate the vertical unit force along the stringers. The load cases fer the local model are imposed unit deformations. Combining these, and applying vehicle loads, numerical stress histories are obtained. The method is illustrated by test load results of an existing bridge.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2000.07a
• /
• pp.58-61
• /
• 2000

In this paper, we describe an effective method to enhance the color night images with spatio-temporal multi-scale retinex focused to the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications such as in the single CCD based Electronic Toll Collection System (ETCS). The basic spatial retinex is known to provide color constancy while effectively removing local shades. However, it is relatively ineffective in night vision enhancement. Our proposed method, STMSR, exploits the iterative time averaging of image sequences to suppress the noise in consideration of the moving vehicles in image frame. In the STMSR method, the spatial term makes the dark images distinguishable and preserves the color information day and night while the temporal term reduces the noise effect for sharper and clearer reconstruction of the contents in each image frame. We show through representative simulations that incorporating both terms in the modeling produces the output sequential images visually more pleasing than the original dim images.

• IE interfaces
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 1995

Automated Storage and Retrieval System (AS/RS), which is an element of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM), is a widely used material handling equipment with conveyors and Automatic Guided Vehicles (AGVs). Until now the evaluation of operational policies of AS/RS and control algorithms is done theoretically or by computer simulations. In this study, a real-time control and communication software for an AS/RS is developed for actually moving AS/RS miniature. A PC-based real-time operational program can control the AS/RS directly through the communication port. The operational system has additional functions such as storage/retrieval management, inventory management, statistics management, and protocol simulation. The communication protocol simulator of S/R machine can be used for the controller of an S/R machine.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2003

This paper presents the formulation of a new bridge-vehicle system with validation using the field data. Both pitching and twisting modes of the vehicle are considered in the contribution of the dynamic effects in the bridge responses. A heavy vehicle was hired as a control vehicle with known axle weight, axle spacing and spring coefficients. The measured responses were generated from the control vehicle running at a particular speed at a test span at Ma Tau Wai Flyover. The measured responses were acquired using strain gauges installed beneath the girder beams of the test bridge. The simulated responses were generated using BRVEAN that is a self-developed program based on the proposed bridge-vehicle system. The validation shows that the bridge model is valid for representing the test bridge and the governing equations are valid for representing the motion of moving vehicles.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.491-496
• /
• 2004

The oscillation of the fluid caused by external forces is called sloshing, which occurs in moving vehicles with contained liquid masses, such as aircraft. cars and liquid rocket and so on. This sloshing effect could be a severe problem in vehicle stability and control. So, various baffles are used in order to reduce the sloshing. The Lagrangian, Eulerian and ALE numerical method is widely used on the analysis of sloshing presently. But, these numerical methods are needed so many CPU time. In this study, for the reduction of the sloshing analysis time, me multi.layer perceptron artificial neural network is introduced and analysis results are presented.