• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.299-308
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• 2010

The indirect approach for measuring the bridge frequencies from the dynamic responses of a passing vehicle is a highly potential method. In this study, the effect of road surface roughness on such an approach is studied through finite element simulations. A two-dimensional mathematical model with the vehicle simulated as a moving sprung mass and the bridge as a simply-supported beam is adopted. The dynamic responses of the passing vehicle are solved by the finite element method along with the Newmark ${\beta}$ method. Through the numerical examples studied, it is shown that the presence of surface roughness may have negative consequence on the extraction of bridge frequencies from the test vehicle. However, such a shortcoming can be overcome either by introducing multiple moving vehicles on the bridge, besides the test vehicle, or by raising the moving speed of the accompanying vehicles.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.911-915
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• 2004

Recently, several experimental techniques for identifying the noise sources distributed over a moving vehicle are being developed and used in order to design a low noise vehicle. The beamforming method, which uses phase information between several microphones to localize the source position, is proved to be one of the promising techniques applicable even under complicated test environments. In this study a beamforming algorithm is developed and applied to measure the dominant noise sources on a passenger car moving at constant speed. Unlike the acoustic signals from a stationary noise source, the sound generated from a moving source is distorted due to the Doppler effects. The sound pressure are measured with an spiral array system composed of 26 microphones and a pair of photo sensors are used to measure the. vehicle speed. The information about the speed and relative position of the vehicle are used to eliminate the Doppler effects from the measured pressure signal by using a de-Dopplerization algorithm. The noise generated from a moving vehicle can be grouped in many ways, however, tire noise and the noise generated from the engine are distinguishable at the speeds being tested.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권2호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2020

As a vehicle moves on multiple equal-span beams at constant speed, the running vehicle would be subjected to repetitive excitations from the beam vibrations under it. Once the exciting frequency caused by the vibrating beams coincides with any of the vehicle's frequencies, resonance would take place on the vehicle. A similar resonance phenomenon occurs on a beam subject to sequential moving loads with identical axle-intervals. To reduce both resonant phenomena of a vehicle moving on guideway girders, this study proposed an additional feedback controller based the condensed virtual dynamic absorber (C-VDA) scheme. This condensation scheme has the following advantages: (1) the feedback tuning gains required to adapt the control currents or voltages are directly obtained from the tuning forces of the VDA; (2) the condensed VDA scheme does not need additional DoFs of the absorber to control the vibration of the maglev-vehicle/guideway system. By decomposing the maglev vehicle-guideway coupling system into two sub-systems (the moving vehicle and the supporting girders), an incremental-iterative procedure associated with the Newmark method is presented to solve the two sets of sub-system equations. From the present studies, the proposed C-VDA scheme is a feasible approach to suppress the interaction response for a maglev vehicle in resonance moving on a series of guideway girders.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2012

In this paper we propose the method that detects moving objects in autonomous navigation vehicle using LRF sensor data. Object detection and tracking methods are widely used in research area like safe-driving, safe-navigation of the autonomous vehicle. The proposed method consists of three steps: data segmentation, mobility classification and object tracking. In order to make the raw LRF sensor data to be useful, Occupancy grid is generated and the raw data is segmented according to its appearance. For classifying whether the object is moving or static, trajectory patterns are analysed. As the last step, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is used for tracking the object. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can accurately detect moving objects.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2006

In this paper, an analytical and experimental study was performed in order to determine the effects of interaction between vehicle and structure. Results presented in the paper show that analytical method including moving load effect can investigate the trend of structural response due to dynamic interaction between vehicle and structure. The wheel tracking machine fitted with 2-axle test vehicle can demonstrate more accurate dynamic interaction between vehicle and structure than the wheel tracking machine fitted without 2-axle test vehicle.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.816-827
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• 2009

This paper deals with a bearing faults localization technique based on holographic approach by visualizing sound radiated from the faults. The main idea stems from the phenomenon that bearing faults in a moving vehicle generate impulsive sound. To visualize fault signal from the moving vehicle, we can use the moving frame acoustic holography [Kwon, H.-S. and Kim, Y.-H., 1998, "Moving Frame Technique for Planar Acoustic Holography," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Vol. 103, No. 4, pp. 1734${\sim}$1741]. However, it is not easy to localize faults only by applying the method. This is because the microphone array measures noise(for example, noise from other parts of the vehicle and the wind noise) as well as the fault signal while the vehicle passes by the array. To reduce the effect of noise, we propose two ideas which utilize the characteristics of fault signal. The first one is to average holograms for several frequencies to reduce the random noise. The second one is to apply the partial field decomposition algorithm [Nam, K.-U., Kim, Y.-H., 2004, "A Partial Field Decomposition Algorithm and Its Examples for Near-field Acoustic Holography," J. of Acoust. Soc. Am. Vol. 116, No. 1, pp. 172${\sim}$185] to the moving source, which can separate the fault signal and noise. Basic theory of those methods is introduced and how they can be applied to localize bearing faults is demonstrated. Experimental results via a miniature vehicle showed how well the proposed method finds out the location of source in practice.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.821-848
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• 2014

This paper presents a novel method to carry out monitoring of transport infrastructure such as pavements and bridges through the analysis of vehicle accelerations. An algorithm is developed for the identification of dynamic vehicle-bridge interaction forces using the vehicle response. Moving force identification theory is applied to a vehicle model in order to identify these dynamic forces between the vehicle and the road and/or bridge. A coupled half-car vehicle-bridge interaction model is used in theoretical simulations to test the effectiveness of the approach in identifying the forces. The potential of the method to identify the global bending stiffness of the bridge and to predict the pavement roughness is presented. The method is tested for a range of bridge spans using theoretical simulations and the influences of road roughness and signal noise on the accuracy of the results are investigated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.151-170
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• 2002

Moving force identification is a very important inverse problem in structural dynamics. Most of the identification methods are eventually converted to a linear algebraic equation set. Different ways to solve the equation set may lead to solutions with completely different levels of accuracy. Based on the measured bending moment responses of the bridge made in laboratory, this paper presented the time domain method (TDM) and frequency-time domain method (FTDM) for identifying the two moving wheel loads of a vehicle moving across a bridge. Directly calculating pseudo-inverse (PI) matrix and using the singular value decomposition (SVD) technique are adopted as means for solving the over-determined system equation in the TDM and FTDM. The effects of bridge and vehicle parameters on the TDM and FTDM are also investigated. Assessment results show that the SVD technique can effectively improve identification accuracy when using the TDM and FTDM, particularly in the case of the FTDM. This improved accuracy makes the TDM and FTDM more feasible and acceptable as methods for moving force identification.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.681-688
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• 2009

This paper deals with a bearing faults localization technique based on holographic approach by visualizing sound radiated from the faults. The main idea stems from the phenomenon that bearing faults in a moving vehicle generate impulsive sound. To visualize fault signal from the moving vehicle, we can use the moving frame acoustic holography [H.-S. Kwon and Y.-H. Kim, "Moving frame technique for planar acoustic holography," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103(4), 1734-1741, 1998]. However, it is not easy to localize faults only by applying the method. This is because the microphone array measures noise (for example, noise from other parts of the vehicle and the wind noise) as well as the fault signal while the vehicle passes by the array. To reduce the effect of noise, we propose two ideas which utilize the characteristics of fault signal. The first one is to average holograms for several frequencies to reduce the random noise. The second one is to apply the partial field decomposition algorithm [K.-U. Nam, Y.-H. Kim, "A partial field decomposition algorithm and its examples for near-field acoustic holography," J. of Acoust. Soc. Am. 116(1), 172-185, 2004] to the moving source, which can separate the fault signal and noise. Basic theory of those methods is introduced and how they can be applied to localize bearing faults is demonstrated. Experimental results via a miniature vehicle showed how well the proposed method finds out the location of source in practice.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.155-170
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• 2019

This paper presents a novel test method for the galloping of iced conductor using wind generated by a moving vehicle which can produce relative wind field. The theoretical formula of transiting test is developed based on theoretical derivation and field test. The test devices of transiting test method for aerodynamic coefficient and galloping of an iced conductor are designed and assembled, respectively. The test method is then used to measure the aerodynamic coefficient and galloping of iced conductor which has been performed in the relevant literatures. Experimental results reveal that the theoretical formula of transiting test method for aerodynamic coefficient of iced conductor is accurate. Moreover, the driving wind speed measured by Pitot tube pressure sensors, as well as the lift and drag forces measured by dynamometer in the transiting test are stable and accurate. Vehicle vibration slightly influences the aerodynamic coefficients of the transiting test during driving in ideal conditions. Results of transiting test show that the tendencies of the aerodynamic coefficient curve are generally consistent with those of the wind tunnel tests in related studies. Meanwhile, the galloping is fairly consistent with that obtained through the wind tunnel test in the related literature. These studies validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the transiting test method. The present study on the transiting test method provides a novel testing method for research on the wind-resistance of iced conductor.