• 미술이론과 현장
• /
• 제9호
• /
• pp.7-31
• /
• 2010

In this paper, I examine the development of the second stage of Chicano muralism and compare it with the first stage of the Chicano Mural Movement that was born out of the Civil Rights Movement. I then discuss the different aspects of the first stage in relation to the birth of institutionalized public art and question how Chicano murals influenced public art and, conversely, how mainstream public art transformed some of the attitudes and practices of Chicano muralism. Chicano murals initially functioned as a political mouthpiece for Chicano's human rights and as a tool to recover the Chicano people's cultural pride and legacy. However, the murals gradually developed into public art projects supported by the city or federal governments, who regarded them as an economic way to effectively communicate with the community. In this process of institutionalization, muralists became increasingly concerned with aesthetic quality and began to work more systematically. For example, amateur artists or community participants who produced the earlier murals were transformed into mural experts. Chicano essentialism and the politically volatile themes used previously were phased out and the new murals began to incorporate diverse subjects and people, for example, native culture, Blacks, and women. This phenomenon reflected the changing emphasis on multicultural understanding. This kind of institutionalization did not always draw positive results. Inadequate funds were the primary concern over the actual subject and creation of the mural work. Artists reduced the strong political metaphors and aestheticized the mural forms. However, their work was productive as well: thorough research on wall conditions and painting techniques was conducted and new processes and designs were developed. This paper examines the murals created for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, Judy Baca's works, and the Balmy Alley Mural Environment project in San Francisco's Mission District. Works by Las Mujeres Muralistas in Mission District, in particular, show case colorful patterns and the Latin American indigenous culture, exploring new interpretations of old icons and design. They challenged the stereotypical depictions of females and presented alternative visual languages that revised the male-centered mural aesthetics and elaborated on the aesthetics of Rasquachismo.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.395-418
• /
• 2009

Appeared in the 1970s he started the global warming problem of carbon reduction, unlike the expected withdrawal of the United States was anticipated to be nominal stripping. However, EU mainly carbon market, buy and sell rights to be disposed of evolution was born. In fact, the current reduction of the Kyoto Protocol, and Korea will be designated as the bureau had been scheduled. However, due to economic recession in Korea's status as exempt countries have enjoyed a considerable period. Global warming is a problem in earnest, however, the United States to participate in one or more such discussions since 2013, clearly this will begin the international order. And international order that is more stringent than expected, and is expected to be strong. Then, however, an interesting thing to justify protection of the environment in some countries to protect domestic industry, the movement is visible is the side. In fact the WTO since the conclusion of all non-tariff trade barriers were abolished. However, recently, New Round of the delay based on reciprocity and fair trade in the framework of environmental protection to justify the movement to protect the domestic industry has been captured. These trends are not friendly, never in Korea. The rationale is that these regulations are enforced, many of our countries and countries with significant trade transactions and the enforcement points. And South Korea's automotive, semiconductors, ships, etc. The main products are much discussed in the international regulations are being referred to as the target point is due. Korean government to actively participate in the international situation and efforts to explore new markets, said yesterday, and 'Low Carbon, Green Growth' was declared. And the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) recommendations of the best 30% reduction target was present. This is nothing different about this objection is true. A more fundamental solution to faithfully perform the reduction targets, while the development of environmentally friendly products and the incidence of international standards through the development and expansion of new growth engines, Indeed we are expected to be a fundamental methodology.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 1999

Japanese welfare legislation for the disabled was enacted via Law 283 on December 26. 1956. The push for such legislation at the national level had gown concurrent with development of Japan's post-war economy Korean welfare law for disabled was made 22 years later and was again amended in 1989. The current legislation promotes and supports the legal welfare of the Koran disabled. The following are the results of a comparison between Korean and Japanese accessibility facilities and welfare law; 1) Japan's developement of disabled people's welfare law is inextricably linked to the development of disabled people's advocacy and the human rights movement. In addition, welfare policy has shifts its mandate from rehabilitation to independent living. It follows that local altitudes will play a pivotal role in further policy initiatives. Korean disabled people's welfare policy emerged hand in hand with economic recovery and development following the Korean War. By 1977 a special education law was enacted which-like it Japanese counterpart-promoted the education of disabled children. 2) Accessibility facilities were developed privately movement. The disabled faced constant and systematic disadvantages in public/private buildings and transportation systems. A general lack of cultural awareness and information relating ti these problems prevailed. These included-hut were by no means limited to sign language (for hearing the impaired) and braille(the language of blind). However, new attitudes and improvements have since emerged and new laws have resulted in the publication of Korean 'White Book' outlining the everyday problems faced by the disabled. In addition, mort convenient access facilities have been constructed in public and private buildings. In closing, legal support for the disabled, senior citizens and pregnant women continues to be improved by newer legislation enacted tin April 6, 1977.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2018

본 논문은 문화예술이 갖는 '기억의 재생과 잠재된 변화 욕구에 대한 민중들의 의지를 불러내는 매개자'로서의 기능과 역할에 주목하였다. 진보적 문화예술 활동이 광주민주화운동을 기점으로 사회변화의 기폭제가 되었다는 판단에서 이들 사이의 상관성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 다시 말해 광주민주화운동을 기점으로 조직화된 민중문화 혹은 민중예술이 한국사회의 변화에 어떠한 영향을 주었는지 확인하고자 한 것이다. 문화에 대한 정의는 너무 광범위하여 특정할 수는 없지만 여기서 문화는 5.18민주화운동이라는 특정한 사건에서 시작하여 한국 민주주의 발전이라는 사회변화의 지속 과정에 치열하게 참여했던 일련의 행위에 초점을 맞추고자 했다. 그런 점에서 민중문화운동과 민중예술인들이 한국사회의 문화를 바꾸는데 기여한 바는 충분히 평가되어야 한다고 판단한다.

• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.273-282
• /
• 2016

최근 교통약자의 이동권에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있으나 대부분 제도적 시설 공급측면에 치중되어 일시적 이동상의 불편함만을 해소할 뿐이며 실제 교통약자에게 향상된 이동편의를 제공하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 교통약자의 보행에 영향을 미치는 경사로, 계단과 같은 물리적 장애 요소들을 고려하여 교통약자 유형별 최적경로를 탐색하는 기법을 제안함으로써 교통약자의 이동편의를 직접적으로 향상시키고자 한다. 선행연구 및 관련 제도를 분석하여 교통약자의 보행에 방해가 되는 보행장애요소를 선정하고 계층적의사결정법(Analytic Hierarchy Process; AHP)을 이용하여 각 보행장애요소의 상대적 중요도를 산정하였으며 마지막으로 퍼지 시스템을 통하여 교통약자의 보행에 방해되는 정도를 나타내는 링크별 보행방해도를 도출한다. 보행방해도를 바탕으로 거리 요소를 포함한 보행 경로비용을 계산하고 이 값이 최소가 되는 경로를 다익스트라 알고리듬을 통해 탐색함으로써 교통약자 유형별 최적 경로를 제공한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 기법을 적용하여 도출된 19개 경로를 대상으로 실제 현장 실험을 통하여 각 경로에 대한 만족도 설문조사를 수행하였고 이를 통해 실제 교통약자의 이동에 편의를 향상하는 유의미한 경로가 도출되었음을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 최적경로 탐색 기법이 내비게이션 서비스에 적용된다면 교통약자의 이동복지향상을 도모할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 산업노동연구
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.95-136
• /
• 2018

전세계적으로 불안정 노동자들이 증가하면서 이들의 열악한 노동권 및 노동조건이 이슈가 되고 있지만 이들의 이익을 어떻게 대변할 것인가는 여전히 논란이 되고 있다. 노동자들의 노동권 보장 및 향상을 위한 제도적 장치는 노동조합이지만, 특정 작업장 또는 기업 중심의 노동조합은 고용안정성을 결여한 노동자들의 노동권익을 온전히 대변하기 어렵기 때문이다. 이에 최근 불안정 노동자들을 대표하는 독자적인 기구로서 커뮤니티유니온이 미국, 영국, 일본 등지에서 등장하고 있다. 이는 기업이나 작업장이 아닌 지역을 기반으로 노동자 개인이 직접 가입하는 방식을 취하는 조직형태로, 실업자와 구직자, 소규모 작업장에 일하거나 단기계약 혹은 간접고용 노동자들을 포괄하는 데 적합한 것으로 알려져 있다. 한국에서는 1997년 금융위기 이후 비정규직, 단기 계약직 등 불안정 노동자들이 급증하면서 이들의 노동권을 보장하기 위해 청년유니온, 아르바이트노동조합, 예술인소셜유니온, 뮤지션유니온 등 기존과는 다른 새로운 형태의 커뮤니티유니온이 등장하고 있다. 이들은 불안정노동자들의 노동권익 보장을 위해 여러 활동을 전개하고 있으며, 최근 학계에서도 이러한 새로운 노동조합형태를 규명하려는 시도가 시작되고 있다. 본 연구는 대안적 노동조합 논의에 기여하고자 한국에서 자생한 여러 대안노동조합을 비교분석하고자 한다. 대표적 대안조직인 청년유니온과 아르바이트노동조합의 조직간 동질성과 이질성을 규명함으로써 한국의 대안노동조합조직의 방향성 논의를 위한 초석을 마련하는 데 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 커뮤니티유니온에 대한 이론적 논의에서 시작하여, 커뮤니티유니온의 5가지 특성(멤버십 구조 및 조직구조, 인정투쟁, 관심 범위, 다른 조직과의 연대, 저항 및 활동 방식)을 중심으로 두 조직을 비교 및 평가할 것이다. 궁극적으로 본 연구는 커뮤니티유니온이 한국사회에서 앞으로 어떻게 발전하게 될지 그 가능성을 모색하고자 한다.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.23-43
• /
• 2015

In most of the world, the current trend in information technology is for open data movement that promotes transparency and equal access. An opposite trend is observed in China, which has the world's largest Internet population. The country has implemented sophisticated cyber-infrastructure and practices under the name of The Golden Shield Project (commonly referred to as the Great Firewall) to limit access to popular international web services and to filter traffic containing 'undesirable' political content. Increasingly, tech-savvy Chinese bypass this firewall and use Twitter to share knowledge on censorship circumvention and encryption to collectively troubleshoot firewall evasion methods, and even mobilize actions that border on activism. Using a mixed mythological approach, the current study addresses such networked knowledge sharing among citizens in a restricted web ecosystem. On the theoretical front, this study uses webometric approaches to understand change agents and positive deviant in the diffusion of censorship circumvention technology. On policy-level, the study provides insights for Internet regulators and digital rights groups to help best utilize communication networks of positive deviants to counter Internet control.

• 복식
• /
• 제66권6호
• /
• pp.110-121
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop high value-added uniform design in response to climate change, and produce high sensitivity uniforms that conserve the energy of its wearers. The scope of the study encompassed entire production stage from the product planning stage to developing a prototype to collecting consumer ratings to securing intellectual property. The results of the study are as follows. First, the material was developed that maximizes insulation by replicating human body heat radiation and raising the temperature by 5 degree Celsius. Second, through Time to Market system, a luxurious synthetic wool material was developed, and warm effect was achieved. Third, pattern design engineering for easy movement and design development allowed the realization of uniform design that is compatible indoors and outdoors as well as respond to highly active climate change. Fourth, Fifth, the developed design was registered and intellectual property rights were obtained.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.257-276
• /
• 2007

도서관계, 연구 집단, 출판계로 구성되는 학술정보 유통시스템의 주요 관심사항은 학술지이며, 각각의 이해집단이 학술지에 거는 기대와 전략, 보상과 권리보호에 대한 서로의 입장에는 상당한 괴리가 존재한다. 이러한 입장 차이가 결국 오픈 액세스 잡지와 오픈 액세스 아카이빙을 전략적 수단으로 하는 오픈 액세스 운동을 가시화시키고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 오픈 액세스의 동향과 한계를 정리하고, 쟁점을 분석하고자 한다. 특히 오픈 액세스의 중심에서 그 당위성과 필요성을 논하던 국내외 문헌정보학 분야 오픈 액세스의 현주소를 분석하는데 목적이 있다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.131-141
• /
• 2013

Matters related to the right to be forgotten started the dispute Europe to introduce it first when Data Protection Directive established in 1995 proceeded revision. Relating to this, diverse disputes proceed on responding to personal information protection and internet laws in our nation. Especially as our National Assembly submitted the law regarding the promotion of information and communication network use and protection of information and amendment of copyright, it is necessary to look into the movement on introduction of law of right to be forgotten closely in detail. EU which attempted the institutionalization for the first time, relating to review of General Data Protection Regulation, proposed opinions such as the necessity to define subjects of personal information concretely and specifically and or protection target and balanced consideration on freedom of expression which is constitutional value. In the case of our nation, there was legislation attempt to introduce the regulation but it was limited in the form of fallen effectiveness without concrete and detailed review on internet law. To solve such problems, it is necessary to look into issues and matters to be considered required to accept right to be forgotten closely and discuss possibility of introducing right to be forgotten, conflicts between fundamental rights becoming issue, effect of goal achievement of personal information protection through the system introduction, and other rational acceptance method.