• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2004

The present experiment was carried out to study the pathogenesis of Newcastle disease(ND), ND virus (NDV) antigens and genes in various organs from NDV inoculated chickens were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Immunohistochemically, NDV antigens were detected in the spleen, thymus, cecal tonsil, proventriculus, trachea and lungs at 12 hour post-inoculation (hpi). Viral antigens were localized mainly in the cytoplasm of lymphocytes and macrophages. After 48 hpi, clinical findings of the affected chickens were open-mouth breathing, conjunctivitis, watery diarrhea and edema around the eye and neck. After 72 hpi, chickens showed muscular tremor, paralysis of the legs and wings, and coma. Histopathological results consist of multi-focal necrosis with hemorrhages in lymphoid aggregates of the intestinal tracts, necrosis of the lymphoid tissues, neuronal degeneration and necrosis, and perivascular cuffing. Using RT-PCR, virus genes were detected in the spleen and proventriculus at 48 hpi, and in the brain at 60 hpi.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 1985

Since the fact was known that mouth breathing resulted from the adenoid hypertropy causes malocclusion, many investigators have studied nasopharynx and adenoid in order to clarify the role in relation to the effect on face and occlustion and the development of airway. The author analyzed 13 items in longitudinal cephalometric roentgenograms of 17 boys and 19 girls taken from the age of 7 to 12. The results were as follows. 1. The means and standard deviation for the measured items were obtained. 2. The continual growth of nasopharyngeal cavity was more affected by the height than the depth. 3. The size of adenoid was larger in males than in females, especially on R, $D-AD_2$. 4. Airway percentage was highest in boys at age 10 and girls at age 9. 5. The items showed significant differentiation between males and females were airway percentage, posterior height, $D-AD_1,\;D-AD_2$, and R.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2022

A 14-year-old castrated male Persian cat presented with a 2-week history of respiratory difficulty. On physical examination, the patient showed intermittent open-mouth breathing and thoracic auscultation revealed wheezing. Thoracic radiographs revealed a narrowed upper airway and pulmonary infiltration. Computed tomography detected a mass occluding the lumen of the trachea at the level of the entrance to the thorax, a mass causing right main bronchus stenosis, and a nodule on the right caudal lung lobe. Bronchoalveolar lavage cytology tentatively diagnosed a carcinoma. Tracheal mass resection was performed through tracheostomy. Histopathology confirmed the presence of tracheobronchial carcinoma. The survival time after diagnosis was 10 months, during which time the cat underwent tracheostomy, debulking by endotracheal tube, and tracheal stent placement procedures in combination with toceranib phosphate adjuvant chemotherapy.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.89-96
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the types of mouthguards athletes who play contact sports use as well as their perceived discomfort of wearing them in order to analyze the relationship with wearing frequency so as acquire basic data for the development of more user-friendly mouthguards. Methods: The participants, who completed a self-report questionnaire, included 70 contact sports athletes, including high school contact (rugby and boxing) sport department affiliated athletes located in the city of Daejeon. Results: Breathing (p<0.01), fitting (p<0.05), ease of wearing (p<0.01), occlusion (p<0.05), and fatigue in muscles (p<0.05) were positively correlated with wearing frequency. Furthermore, the recognition of the mouthguards was not significantly correlated with wearing frequency. Conclusion: To prevent oral and maxillofacial trauma, multi-directional studies are imperative to develop mouthguards, which are comfortable and cost-efficient.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2023

A 5-year-old neutered male domestic short-haired cat presented with acute dyspnea characterized by open-mouth breathing and stridor for 2 days. Direct visualization via laryngoscopy revealed diffuse laryngeal swelling and severe thickening of the vocal folds bilaterally; thus, the upper respiratory tract was obstructed owing to severe edema. Neutrophil infiltration was found on fine needle aspiration of the larynx cytology, and no discrete mass with polyp or neoplasia was identified on diagnostic imaging. The cat was diagnosed with acute obstructive laryngitis, and a tracheostomy tube was immediately installed. After 17 days of treatment with steroids, doxycycline and azithromycin, the swollen larynx gradually improved, and there was no recurrence of laryngitis or respiratory obstruction. A feline upper respiratory polymerase chain reaction panel revealed Mycoplasma felis infection; however, it could not be determined whether it was pathogenic or opportunistic. Herein, we report a case of obstructive laryngitis in a cat. When respiratory obstruction due to acute laryngitis is identified, a good prognosis is expected with rapid and appropriate treatment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.6 s.77
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• pp.637-648
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• 1999

Finishing is usually accomplished about four to seven months before the removal of orthodontic appliance in order to achieve ideal occlusion and excellent aesthetics. This process, called finishing, is the key to obtain excellent final results. Some of orthodontists believe it can be accomplished at the final stage of orthodontic treatment, and they complete it without their special rationale and criteria for finishing. However, it should be considered as a part of the total treatment plan from the beginning to end, and a guideline for finishing, which is based on rationale and criteria for the removal of orthodontic appliance, is needed to obtain the desired results. The guideline should include a checklist for finishing. This checklist is divided into four categories: occlusal, aesthetic, periodontal, and habitual factors. Occlusal fators include alignment, marginal ridge discrepancy, interproximal contact, anterior inclination, posterior inclination, over-jet over-bite, arch fen and functional occlusion. Aesthetic factors include gingival form, crown fen crown width, and crown length. Periodontal factors include root angulation, bone level, and black hole in periodontal factors. Habitual factors consist of mouth breathing, tongue position at rest, tongue thrust, lip biting, nail biting, and finger sucking

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.338-344
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of children's tonsil size on the behavior during pediatric dental sedation. The sedation records of thirty five children were examined in this study. All the sedations had been performed using chloral hydrate/hydroxyzine, nitrous oxide/oxygen or/and submucosal midazolam, and the subjects were divided into 4 groups according to their tonsil size using Brodsky's tonsil classification. The results were as follows: 1. The patients with enlarged tonsils showed negative behaviors in all behavior rating aspects(sleep, movement, crying, overall behavior) during sedation than those with normal tonsils(p<0.05). 2. Enlarged tonsils were correlated with mouth breathing(p<0.05) but not with snoring and coughing(p>0.05) during sedation. 3. For the patients with enlarged tonsils, significantly higher doses of midazolam were administered during sedation than for those with normal tonsils(p<0.05).

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.93-98
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• 2005

The mean and RMS velocity field of the respiratory gas flow in tile human airway was studied experimentally by particle image velocimetry(PIV). Some researchers investigated the airflow for the mouth breathing case both experimentally and numerically. But it is very rare to investigate the airflow of nose breathing in a whole airway due to its geometric complexity. We established the procedure to create a transparent rectangular box containing a model of the human airway for PIV measurement by combination of the RP and the curing of clear silicone. We extend this to make a whole airway including nasal cavities, larynx, trachea, and 2 generations of bronchi. The CBC algorithm with window offset (64*64 to 32*32) is used for vector searching in PIV analysis. The phase averaged mean and RMS velocity distributions in Sagittal and coronal planes are obtained for 7 phases in a respiratory period. Some physiologic conjectures are obtained. The main stream went through the backside of larynx and trachea in inspiration and the frontal side in expiration. There exist vortical motions in inspiration, but no prominent one in expiration.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.341-347
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• 2010

This paper reports is a descriptive study for analyzing the knowledge level and educational condition of dental hygiene students regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). This study was implemented from May 24, 2010 to June 4, 2010. The results were as follows: 1. The score was low for the knowledge level of CPR (3.72 out of 8.0). 2. The knowledge level of CPR was higher in the students with heart disease in their family than in those without(t=5.725, P<0.05). 3. While students had a high percentage of correct answers e.g. 93.5% and 73.8% for the mouth-to-mouth CPR and hand position in pressing the upper part of the belly, they had low percentage of correct answers, e.g. 8.2%, 28.9%, 25.4%, and 49.2% for consciousness and breathing check, maintaining the airway and the time to brain damage from a heart attack, respectively. 4. The students used TV(55.2%) and the Internet(20.1%) as the medium for observing CPR. 5. 60.2% of students did not have any training in CPR. 6. More than 90.0% of students required training in CPR. Most of the students requested CPR training when they attended middle and high school. They had hoped to receive CPR training at school or a specialized training organization. In conclusion, the knowledge level of CPR of dental hygiene students is low, and the need for training and participation is high. Therefore, dental hygiene students should receive CPR training.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.571-577
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• 2018

Bicycle riders complain of many inconveniences when wearing glasses, sunglasses and masks. The disposable fine dust mask has been developed to resolve such inconveniences of bicycle riders. The scope of research is limited to the fiber which generates one-time static electricity and the shape of the mask due to the characteristic of fine dust mask. The purpose is to design and make the fine dust mask with a simple production process. The new disposable fine dust mask has secured enough space of the mask in front of the mouth by longitudinal folding and minimized stuffiness by maintaining the shape of the folded part to prevent touching the mouth even by heavy breathing. The streamlined sponge is attached at the part of nose support and the area of the cheek has been expanded to be about 2.5cm wider than ordinary masks to improve tight seal at the side. In addition, a new disposable fine dust scarf mask has been developed to block ultraviolet rays for the face and neck while filtering fine dust with the tight fine dust mask.