• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.60-72
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• 2020

The Inscribed stones of Hanyangdoseong has been weathered for a long time because of external environment and living organisms. To establish a long-term conservation-management strategy for the inscription stones, the material characteristics of the inscription stones of Naksan Mountain Area were identified, and its deterioration state was diagnosed. Consequently, it was confirmed that the Inscription stones of Naksan Mountain Area mainly comprised coarse-to medium-grained pinkish granite and biotite granite, and, in part, comprised reddish granite, quartz porphyry, and aplite. Presently, the Inscription stones of Naksan Mountain Area, Hanyangdoseong, is undergoing a considerable decrease in physical properties because of physical, chemical, and biological weathering. Moreover, it has been confirmed that the type of damage, such as blistering, soiling, and dicolouration, on the surface shows a significantly high deterioration rate, and that conservation treatment might be required in future. In addition, because the possibility of damage recurrence is high even after the treatment, the conservation state must be regularly monitored.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2003

Boeun-gun is hard to develop, because of large numbers of mountains and vast distribution of limited development districts. However it is easy to access from the entire country, and there are large conservation area such as national park and dams. Short-term plans such as attraction of tourists can be established using these advantages. Long-term plans can be planed with stable establishment of continuous considerations and supports. These supports will be rewarded while it demands some time and costs. Private owned mountains can be converted from negligence upkeep of property to utilization of mountains with basic consideration of mountain conservation. This may contribute the essential function of mountain.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.305-311
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• 1997

Dermaptera was investigated, examined and reviewed in taxonomy and for distribution in Youngnam region. Based on the data, the local species groups were measured to choose priority-conservation-area by taxonomic root weighting and distribution analysis at 232 geographical conservation units. Eleven species belonging to 4 families and 8 genera were recorded mounting up to 68.75% of species diversity known in Korea. Found remarkably were the rare and endangered Challia fletcheri Burr at Sobaek Mountain National Park, and unusually Anisolabis maritima (Bonelli) in Taegu, Euborellia pallipes (Shiraki) at Island Geoje and E. plebeja (Dohrn) at Hwanho near Pohang. The highest species diversity was found at the temple Huibang area at Sobaek Mountain National Park with 8 species, which was measured also as the primary priority-conservation-area with 83.41 % of accumulated taxonomic root weighting indices in percentage. Geoje and Hwanho both measured as 12.18% of accumulated taxonomic root weighting index in percentage and complimentary to Sobaek Mountain National Park but supporting 5 and 3 species, respectively. The priority goes to the geographical conservation unit supporting higher species richness between two geographical conservation units in comparison. By the rule, the second priority-conservation-area should be Geoje and the third Hwanho. It is, thus, demonstrated how 11 species can be all conserved by choosing 3 priority-conservation-areas out of 232 geographical conservation units to maintain maximum species in minimum areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.133-144
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• 2009

This study intends to suggest the improvements for the legal systems related to the conservation of mountain ridge areas. The 4 legal systems directly related to the conservation of mountain ridge areas are reviewed and the current conditions of adaptive reuse of mountain areas and destroy cases in Hwasung are examined. For solving the problems on the basis of the analysis, three proposals for the improvement on legal systems are suggested. First, the integration of present dual legal systems related to adaptive reuse of mountain areas on the assumption that the related criteria and provisions should be amended, second, activation of the legal systems such as natural landscape district and natural landscape review to make up for the laws related to adaptive reuse of mountain areas, third, the enactment and application of the ordinances related with the 'mountain area management law'.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.14
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• pp.1-34
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• 1993

1. Metallurgical Properties of Iron artifacts excavated from Yangju-Mountain fortress were studied for the scientific conservation and metallurgical history of ancient Iron artifacts.2. Iron artifacts form Yangju-Mountain fortress were found to be the products of having well-established Carburizing and remelting technique in that period.3. These artifacts seem to be manufactured from very pure ores, because very pure ferrite structure and low impurity.4. Especially evidence of very suitable carburizing technic well-established and usealloying method of Fe-C system on purpose were found.5. Cast iron artifacts were found to be eutectic composition (4.31%) having lowestmelting point in Fe-C system.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.308-315
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate mountain stream water and air temperatures, area, latitude, altitude, and forest coverage in headwater catchments located in Kangwon-do, Mid-eastern Korea from 2015 to 2017. Daily mean value of mountain stream water temperature was approximately $6^{\circ}C$ lower than the daily mean value of air temperature on the monitoring sites during the observation period. Monthly mean value of mountain stream water temperature increased with increasing monthly mean value of air temperature from May to August during the observation period. Seasonal variations of mountain stream water temperature were dependent on air temperature rising and falling periods. Correlation analysis was conducted on mountain stream water temperature to investigate its relationship with air temperature, area, latitude, altitude, and forest coverage of air temperature rising and falling periods. The correlation analysis showed that there exists a relationship (Correlation coefficient: -0.581 ~ 0.825; p<0.05), particularly the air temperature showed highest correlation with mountain stream water temperature. Regression equations could be developed due to contribution of air temperature to affect mountain stream water temperature (Correlation coefficient: 0.742 and 0.825; p<0.01). Therefore, a method using various parameters based on air temperature rising and falling periods, could be recommended for predicting mountain stream water temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.16-27
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• 2020

This study presented a plan for the establishment of conservation areas and the ecological management of those areas in the stream based on the Marxan with Zones Program for a Jungrangcheon Stream in downtown Seoul. The application of the Marxan with Zones Program included the stage of planning unit setting, application of mapping indices, numerical correction for repetitive analysis, creation of scenario-specific optimizations through analysis, analysis of sensitivity by scenario, review, and the selection of optimal plans among the scenarios considered. As a result of the establishment of a conservation area near Jungrangcheon Stream, which has several watershed areas, including an upper-middle-class wildlife protection zone, which was previously designated and managed as a conservation area, and the migratory protection zone downstream of Jungrangcheon Stream were designated as key conservation areas. A number of wild birds were observed in the upper reaches of Jungrangcheon Stream, adjacent to the forests of Suraksan Mountain and Dobongsan Mountain. The downstream area is a habitat for migratory birds that travel along the stream and the adjacent river ecosystem, including the Hangang River confluence and Cheonggyecheon Stream confluence. Therefore, the upper and lower reaches of Jungrangcheon Stream are connected to forest ecosystems such as Dobongsan Mountain, Suraksan Mountain, and Eungbongsan Mountain, as well as urban green area and river ecosystems in the basin area, which influence the establishment of conservation areas. This study verified the establishment and evaluation of existing conservation areas through the Marxan with Zones Program during the verification of the conservation areas and was presented as in-stream management and basin management method to manage the basin areas derived from core conservation areas determined through the program.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.25
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• pp.155-170
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• 2004

Jonam mountain is located in Gung nam Hamangun gayaeup, and it is 139.4m above sea. Most of Haman area consists of hill and mountains and Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc,Quercus acutissima Carruth, Quercus variabilis Bl, Quercus mongolica Fisch and Robiniapseudoacacia L are distributed. Sungsan mountain fortress wall is designated as a national historical spot 67th and our laboratory excavated and surveyed Sungsan mountain fortress wall from 1991 to 1994.Especially, we confirmed mud layer in 1992 and excavated wooden remains such as wooden strip with inscription and so on. Also, wooden strip with inscription and the wooden remains of the type which is various such as brush, knife, various club, vessel, awl were excavated in 2002.After classifying remains on the spot, they were washed. We found three pieces of wooden strip during washing, and three pieces of wooden strip during conservation processing. Also, we confirmed others. Until now, we have processed 8000 wooden remains, and we are processing about 1500wooden remains.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.26
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• pp.13-24
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• 2021

Two wooden fish excavated from Wiryeseong Fortress on Seonggeosan Mountain in Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do Province were frail due to their deterioration within the burial environment. To prevent further deformation, conservation treatment was conducted on them to strengthen the wooden materials and stabilize the dimensions. Prior to the conservation treatment, the species of wood was determined to be pine and infrared Irradiation on the patterns remaining on the wooden fish revealed that they were depictions of carp. For conservation treatment, the wooden fish were impregnated with PEG #3, 350 in a water solution with a 40% concentration, followed by freeze-drying.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 2010

This study is for Hanbuk Mountain Range within Gyeonggi province which is to propose the conservation plan by each damage pattern through site survey of the mountain range. The damage patterns are classified by siding, pointing and lining. The total damaged area is 103 areas: The siding pattern is damaged by developing farmland, mineral and quarry mining, dam, large scale development complex and cemetery park; The pointing pattern is including the development of road, transmission tower and way and mountaineering trail; The construction of electricity and communication facility, military facility, mobile communication station, heliport and shelter. The damages by developing road and large scale development complex are the most cause, and military facility, dam and reservoir, and residential area are the main causes, respectively. One of the compromised situation Hanbuk-Mountain Range usage as per section 7 section (18.45%), 12 section (18.45%) is the largest number of compromised has been surveyed, undermine the situation if you look at the usage by the road 25 locations (24.22%), military facilities and dam and reservoir to undermine this 11 established respectively (10.68%) were the most undermine. Therefore, this research propose the conservation plan as follow: first, need to understand, educate and publicize on Hanbuk-Mounatin Range; second, manage through the regulations and ordinance of Gyeonggi province; third build and expand the law for protecting Baekdu-Great Mountain Range.