• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권5_2호
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• pp.501-518
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• 1998

Mt. Paektu(2,749.6m)m the biggest mountain in Northeast Asia, located on the border line of Korea and China is characterized as an aspite with broad gentle mountain area and rich biota. however, it seems that the study of forest vegetational feature or vegetation zones in the whole area of this mountain is not yet sufficient in spite of contribution by many investigators. in this paper thermal climatic approach was carried out for the determination of vegetation zones of the mountain with the meteorological data of four stations including Cheonjj and various vegetational data. the application of Warmth Index and/or coldness Index(Kira 1977) for the determination of forest vegetation boundary was useful also here, and their boundaries largely coincided with those of thermal indicies obtained in the Korean Peninsula(Yim and Kira, 1975), including the lapse rate of air temperature along increasing elevation. However, in the mountain the boundary of vegetation zones in not clear like those of mountains in Korea. It may be due so the topographic differences between this area and the Korean Peninsula. Besides, the broad ecotones between different vegetations in this area support the vegetation continum concept rather than the unit concept, and the limit of timber line or tree line reflects various hypothesis(Steven and fox 1991). Therefore, for the explantion of vegetation zone of this area should be considered topography or soil condition, for example, as known the hierachy of ecological units (zonobiomes, orobiomes and pedobiomes, Walter, 1973).

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제38권5_2호
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• pp.163-175
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• 2010

This study is based on the viewing characteristics of mountain landscapes. It investigates whether the current landscape management-related regulations are efficient in terms of the viewing characteristics of the mountain landscape against Bukhansan Mountain in which the conventional landscape management techniques were used. In addition, some viewing characteristics of mountain landscapes, such as distance from the view point to the target mountain, angle of elevation, altitude, gradient, have been analyzed and 3 cases of viewing condition have been simulated. The following results were obtained: i) Mountain landscapes can be managed up to 7~8 times of the mountain height with a $5{\sim}9^{\circ}$ of elevation angle. ii) In the Natural Landscape District which is situated on the hillside, it is reasonable to include altitude, gradient as criteria for regulation. iii) According to a simulation of the construction permit height by viewing distance, it was confirmed that buildings can be constructed up to 111.55m when viewing the 20% ridge, 150.75m when viewing the 50% ridge and 189.05m when viewing the 70% ridge. iv) The construction permit height varies depending on the landscape analysis method that is used and the application conditions. It is therefore unfair to apply height limit regulations to all buildings without considering the geographical features or viewing characteristics. v) It is unreasonable to apply 2~3 management techniques to the same area for landscape management. Therefore, we recommend the Focused Landscape Management Area based on the landscape master plan as a integrating mountain landscape management techniques.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.15-30
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• 2021

This study tried to reveal distribution of incision rate and the factors from fluvial terrace deposits on the western and eastern slopes in the Middle Sobaek Mountain Range, using OSL age dating and topographical analysis. An average incision rate of 0.220 m/ka was estimated in the western slope streams, while the streams on the eastern slope showed a lower average incision rate of 0.121 m/ka. These results seem to indicate that the study area experienced an asymmetric uplift. Patterns of incision rate in the study area were different from those in the Northern Sobaek Mountain Range, probably suggesting that the Sobaek Mountain Range experienced spatially different uplift patterns. Among the factors, which were considered to influence on distribution of incision rate in the study area (e.g., altitude of sampling point, distance from divide, distance from axis, channel width, and bedrock type), distance from axis showed the strongest relationship with incision rate. Therefore, uplift is thought to be the most significant factor in distribution of incision rate in the Middle Sobaek Mountain Range.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2014

2014년 에콰도르의 툰구라와 화산폭발, 2010년 아이슬란드 에이야프야틀라이외쿠틀 화산폭발 등과 같이 최근 화산활동으로 인한 재해피해가 증가하고 있으며 이에 대한 대책마련이 시급한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 현재 폭발 위험성이 높은 활화산 중 하나인 백두산을 대상으로 객관적 관측자료와 과학적인 방법에 근거하여 재해위험지역 분석을 실시하였다. 첫 번째로 중국학자 Liu Ruoxin의 연구에 근거하여 1215(${\pm}15$)년 백두산 화산 대폭발 화산재해 데이터를 참조하여 백두산지역의 지진관측자료와 화산지역 형태변화 관측자료, 화산지역 유체지구화학관측자료, 사회경제 통계데이터를 이용해 재해유발요소, 잠재적인 재해유발환경, 피해대상의 취약성을 종합적으로 평가하였다. 평가결과를 토대로 대상지역에 대한 백두산화산재해위험등급분포도를 산출하였으며, 그 결과 백두산화산재해위험등급을 4단계로 체계화하였다. 분석결과 백두산화산재해위험등급은 중심부에서 주변으로 갈수록 점차 등급이 낮아지는 것으로 분석되었으며 1,2급 위험지역은 화산폭발 시 위험도와 피해가 클 것으로 예상되는 고위험지역으로, 3,4급 위험 지역은 화산재해위험이 상대적으로 낮은 지역으로 나타났다. 또한 같은 강도의 화산재해요소의 작용하에서는 연구지역의 서쪽지역이 받는 위험성이 동쪽지역보다 높은데 이는 비교적 낮은 잠재적인 재해유발환경의 안정성과 높은 피해대상 취약성에 의해 결정됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.395-409
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• 2023

Long-span suspension bridges have tunnel anchor systems to maintain stable cables. More investigations are required to determine how closely tunnel excavation beneath the tunnel anchor impacts the stability of the tunnel anchor. In order to investigate the impact of the adjacent tunnel's excavation on the stability of the tunnel anchor, a large-span suspension bridge tunnel anchor is utilised as an example in a three-dimensional numerical simulation approach. In order to explore the deformation control mechanism, orthogonal tests are employed to pinpoint the major impacting elements. The construction of an advanced pipe shed, strengthening the primary support. Moreover, according to the findings the grouting reinforcement of the surrounding rock, have a significant control effect on the settlement of the tunnel vault and plug body. However, reducing the lag distance of the secondary lining does not have such big influence. The greatest way to control tunnel vault settling is to use the grout reinforcement, which increases the bearing capacity and strength of the surrounding rock. This greatly minimizes the size of the tunnel excavation disturbance area. Advanced pipe shed can not only increase the surrounding rock's bearing capacity at the pipe shed, but can also prevent the tunnel vault from connecting with the disturbance area at the bottom of the anchorage tunnel, reduce the range of shear failure area outside the anchorage tunnel, and have the best impact on the plug body's settlement control.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.498-500
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• 2009

When we urgently need to develop and supply an alternative energy, wind power is growing with much interest because it has relative low cost for generating power and small area for wind turbine. To estimate the wind power resource, it is necessary to make an observation first. Although the large wind farm and resources are near coast and mountain area, the wind energy in urban area has the strong thing of direct access to power generator. In this study, we estimate the probability of wind energy in urban mountain area using A2C (Atmospheric to CFD) model, which is used for horizontally urban scale phenomena. In the steady state results, the site C is most suitable for wind power in the point of the only wind speed. But, estimating the TKE and vertical wind shear, the site B is showing the better results than the site C.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.483-488
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• 2002

Suspended sediment outflows mainly by natural situation and artificial action and affects in down-stream. This research studied suspended sediments origination in forests size and mountain stream for natural situation, density for artificial action, and measured the size and possible quantity of suspended sediments origination and studied obstruction method of the generation by artificial action. As the result, I found that the size of generation is about 2~3% of forest size and the forest size which is affecting bare area of valley is about 1∼2ha. In addition, possible outflow segments quantity by artificial facilities is assumed to be maximum 200ton/ha and abstract of mountain incline for mountain development needs minimize bare area valley by make right angle with minimum size.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.343-355
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• 1995

본 연구는 면단위의 산촌지역 구분지표를 규명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 구분지표는 산촌지역의 특성을 대변할 수 있고, 시대변화에도 안정적인 인자를 선정하여 통계적인 검증과정을 통하여 설정하였다. 분석결과, 산촌지역의 구분지표로서 '임야율 70% 이상으로서 평균해발고 250m 이상이거나, 또는 평균해발고 400m이상인 지역'을 확정하였다. 이러한 구분지표에 의한 산촌지역은 전 국토면적의 32.2%, 전인구의 3.6%를 포함하는 국토공간상의 위치를 차지하고 있으며, 다른 지역에 비하여 인구 과소화가 극심하고 농업기반이 취약하다는 특징을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.208-219
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• 2014

This work aims to establish the landscape ecological countermeasures to improve the sustainability of urban mountain forest and to enrich the biodiversity in twenty mountains of the Seoul Metropolitan City. Landscape ecological analysis was conducted based upon various criteria, such as area and elevation of mountains, flora, naturalized plants, vegetation, forest types, mountain trails, and public facilities. Various measures were suggested for the better maintenances of floristic diversity, introduced plants, vegetation and forest types of urban mountain forests. Sustainable recommendations for land use adminstration were developed for the preparations of a climate change-adapted urban mountain forests, as well as rational managements of ecosystem, walking trails, and public facilities within mountain forest. Rich and diverse natural vegetation as well as high floristic diversity were reported at mountains with higher elevations, larger area size, and rich landscape diversity. Mountains with low elevation, small size with easy public access, however, might require an urgent action to decrease the burdens by anthropogenic disturbances and urban development.

• 기술사
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2010

The development of the mountain areas is the economic solution to the forest-mountain region that is becoming more hollw by the day. It can also be said as providing a rest area for those that live in the cities who long for their child-hood memories. This development will bring the vitalization of the regional economy and the balanced development of the national land planning. In order to bring the continuous development of the mountain areas, educating a dedicated professional forest-mountain expert is a must.