• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.150-155
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• 2018

This study was conducted to determine grazing intensity of growing Korean native goats(Capra hircus coreanae) on mountainous pasture. It was carried out to obtain basic information for improvement of mountainous pasture management and establishing feeding system of Korean native goat. A total of 20 goats were grouped by feeding systems [A mountainous pasture grazing group (Concentrated feed of 1.5% body weight, treatment 1, T1, n=10) and a barn feeding group (TMR, treatment 2, T2), n=10] to conduct study from April to September. The average forage productivity of the mountain pasture was $500.9{\pm}61.41kg/ha$. The average dry matter intake in T1 was 0.64 and the calculated grazing intensity was 21 head/ha. In productivity, when the two treatments(T1, T2) were compared, the dry matter intake was about two to three times the difference. The average daily gain per day during the experiment was 63.3 in the mountain pasture and 120 g in barn feeding. When grazing, considering mountainous pasture productivity it is necessary to increase the productivity through proper feeding. The feed costs of black goats raised by grazing on the grassland in the same period showed an average 75% reduction compared to barn feeding. As a result of this study, it can be expected that a considerable reduction of feed costs can be expected in the breeding of Korean native black goat using the mountain pasture.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.423-427
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• 2004

Seventy-six animals including cattle, sheep, horses, 6 species of zoo animals were employed for collection of fresh feces in order to detect verotoxigenic Esherichia coli (VTEC) by safe, quick and sensitive PCR-based molecular methods. Bacterial cell disruption with bead-beating followed by bacterial DNA purification with hydroxyapatide chromatography and gel filtration allowed DNA preparation from animal feces with high recovery and purity. A mountain goat was firstly shown by PCR and sequencing to shed verotoxin 2 gene (vt2) that was used to generate vt2 probe and second primer set for nested PCR to attempt more sensitive detection. Most sensitive nested PCR revealed that 45% of tested cattle and 47% of tested zoo animals were VTEC-positive, while least sensitive normal PCR detected VTEC from none of these animals except a mountain goat. Moderately sensitive detection by PCR in combination with hybridization suggested that the VTEC density varied between the VTEC-positive cattle.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2006

산양유제품은 산양의 산간 방목지에서 천연의 산야초를 먹는 먹이습성으로 인하여 웰빙식품의 개념으로 뿐만 아니라 산양유 조제식의 형태로 다시 소비되기 시작하고 있다. 우유와 산양유의 조성에는 주요 영양성분의 경우 특별한 차이를 보이지 않는다. 그러나 젖소와 산양의 젖은 케이신 마이셀의 공간구조, 케이신 단백질의 아미노산 조성, 마이셀의 크기, 마이셀의 미네랄 함량 등에 있어서 명백한 차이를 보인다. 산양유제품의 국내생산은 연중 착유가 어려워 소비자에게 연중 공급이 불가능한 문제가 중요한 점으로 대두되고 있다. 그 어려움 속에서 산양유 시장의 확대를 추구하기 위해서는 산양유 제조사들의 집중적인 홍보가 필요하다. 국내 소비시장의 특징은 산양유 소비형태가 주로 신선유로서 소비되며, 발효유로서는 일부만 소비된다는 점이다. 이러한 제품들은 주로 소규모 산양유가공회사에서 생산되며, 대규모 유가공회사에서는 소요량이 많은 산양조제분유 생산에 치중하고 있는 점 또한 특징이라고 할 수 있다. 앞으로 산양유제품의 확대를 위해서는 유가공기술분야의 전문인들에 의해서 한국소비자들에게 적합하지 않은 산양 특유의 불쾌한 냄새와 맛을 제거하는 연구와 기술이 개발되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.915-918
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the normal ocular fundus in 30 Korean native goats. The shape of two peaks of a mountain was shown in the tapetal fundus which was mostly greenish-blue color. The nontapetal fundus which was differentiated from the tapetal fundus, was generally a uniform shade with dark blue. The optic disc was nearly round and varied in color : orange, gray, tan and various combinations. It was mostly located at the junctional area of the nontapetal and the tapetal fundus. In the retinal vasculature, three or four major arterioles and two or three major venules emerged from the optic disc and the arterioles could be distinguished from the venules. The superior arteriole and venule in the tapetal fundus did not twist each other.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2019

The normal feeding approach of goats might be due to their precise anatomical and physiological characteristics of entity, which permit them to be highly selective, to eat legume silages and wild green grass. This review has been designed to consider the grazing behavior, fodder selection, and feed composition of goats. Various herbs and corns consumed by goats have numerous nutritive resources. Based on the general herbaceous intake activities and behavior of goats, they prefer wild grass such as grass grown in the steep hills than soft grass. Because the digestion capacity of cellulose feed has higher digestion level compared to other non-ruminants within rumen and it is advantageous to use wild forest or mountain grass which comprises high proportion of cellulose feed for goat. In South Korea, there are abundant feed resources for goats because of occupying large areas of mountains. Thus, goat production and feeding costs could be reduced if plants are used from the wild forest as a feed for goats relative to grassland grazing. Also, it is expected to contribute in improvement of goat farming with harmonious relationship between the grassland and wild forest while satisfying animal welfare and physiological desires of livestock.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2023

Jeju Sasa borealis (S. borealis) is indigenous to the Halla Mountain area of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. However, its dominance has retarded the development of other plant species and lowered biodiversity in this region. The aim of this study was to determine whether S. borealis silage (SS) supplementation affects the chemical composition and antioxidant activity in the fresh meat of Korean native goats (Capra hircus coreanae). The experiment was conducted on 12 Korean native goats at the finisher stage. The feeding groups were the Control (total mixed ration, TMR) and the Treatment (80% TMR + 20% SS). The animals were adapted for two weeks and then subjected to a six-month breeding experiment. Meat samples were excised from the neck, loin, rib, front leg, and hind leg of the slaughtered animals. The meat derived from the treatment group contained more taurine and anserine than that derived from the control group. Both groups did not significantly differ in terms of ω-6/ω-3 fatty acid ratio. The loin and front leg of the treatment group contained significantly higher vitamin E levels than those of the control group. DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP analyses disclosed that the loin and front leg had significantly higher antioxidant activity (p<0.05) than the other parts. Moreover, the loin and front leg cuts of the treatment group had higher antioxidant activity than those of the control group. The present study demonstrated that S. borealis supplementation could effectively improve Korean native goat meat quality.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.42-52
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• 1995

Anaplasmosis is most important tick-borne rickettsial diseases of domestic ruminant. with Anaptasma spp. as their respective causal agents. In order to the survey prevalence of anaplasmosis in Korean native goats, we examined the Giemsa's blood filrms from 552 grazing and 188 nongrazing-goats in Chonbuk area Namwon, Imsil and Sunchang. The conclusive diagnosis was made by observing the characteristic marginal or central bodies in the red blood cells. The infection rate of grazine and nongrazing-goats with Anaplasma spp. was 71.7% and 8.5%, respectively. In order to study about the therapeutic effects of drug for 40 grazing-oats infected with Anaptasma spp. in mountain-area, Berenil(diminazene acetate) was jntramuscularly injected (0.5㎖ /10kg B.W.). After 1 month, we don't detected the parasite in the blood films from 33 goats(82.5%), but no change of significant hematological values(PCV, ESR, WBC, RBC, MCH, MCHC, PLT, MPV, PDW and HB) was observed. These results indicated that the infection rate of Anaplasma spp. was higher on glazing than nongrazing-goats and Berenil as an antianaplasmal drug is recommended.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2021

본 연구는 흑염소를 통해 조릿대를 사료자원으로 이용하고 그 이용성 및 사료가치를 규명하기 위해 실행되었으며, 나아가 조릿대로 인한 한라산 종 다양성 저해문제를 완화하는데 도움을 주기 위하여 실시되었다. 공시가축은 4개월령 비거세 흑염소 12두를 공시하였다. TMR 사료에 조릿대 사일리지의 첨가수준을 다르게 하여 Control(TMR100%), T1(TMR 90% + 조릿대10%), T2(TMR80% + 조릿대20%), T3(TMR70% + 조릿대30%)로 처리하여 총 4가지의 처리구 사료를 각각 제작하였다. 4×4 Latin Square 설계로 실험을 진행하였으며, 총 4개의 스테이지를 구성하여 모든 개체가 모든 처리구를 거치도록 하였다. 일당증체량은 T2에서 142.38g/d로 다른 처리구에 비해 유의성이 인정되었다(P<0.05). 전체적으로 편차가 크게 나타나긴 하였으나, TMR만 급여했을 때 보다 조릿대 사일리지를 첨가하여 급여 한 T1, T2, T3 처리구에서 전반적으로 일당증체량이 높게 나타나는 경향을 보여 조릿대 사일리지의 급여는 육성기 흑염소에 있어서 증체량 향상에 도움이 되는 것으로 판단되었다. 사료요구율의 경우 T2에서 4.4g으로 대조구보다 유의적으로 낮은 수치를 나타내(P<0.05) 다른 처리구에 비해 효율적인 사료급여방식으로 판단되었다. 조릿대 첨가수준에 따른 처리구별 소화율의 유의성은 인정되지 않았으나 T2에서 조지방 및 조단백질, 건물소화율에 있어서 다른 처리구에 비해 비교적 높은 소화율을 보였다. 질소섭취량은 건물섭취량이 많았던 대조구에서 12.5g으로, T3의 11.0g에 비해 유의적으로 높은 섭취량을 나타냈다. 질소축적량은 처리구간 유의성은 인정되지 않았으나 T2구에서 높게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합해볼 때, 조릿대 사일리지는 흑염소의 조사료원으로 이용하는데 무리가 없을 것으로 사료되며, 적정량 급여한다면 증체량 및 사료요구율 개선 등 가축생산성 향상에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2015

It is estimated that there is a total of approximately 100,000 species in Korea. However, the number is currently about 30,000 and only 16,027 species are listed in the 'Species Korea' (as of December, 2014). Of the listed species, 51 species are designated as the Endangered Species Class I while 195 species are in the Class II, totaling 246 endangered species including 20 mammals. Under the circumstances that development (e.g., roads) is increasingly threatening the persistence of endangered mammals, it is significant to identify and preserve suitable habitats for them. In this context, evaluating the values of the suitable habitat environment would serve as essential information for development decision making. This study estimated the values of endangered mammals' forest habitats through spatialization of habitat services. In doing so, a species distribution model, Maximum Entropy Model (MaxEnt) was utilized for a group of endangered mammals including, mountain goat, wildcat, marten cat, and flying squirrel. To calculate the values per unit area, a benefit transfer method was used based on the point-estimate technique with the best available values estimated previously. The range of discount rate of 3.0 to 5.5 percent was applied taking the notion of social discount rate into account. As a result, the province with the highest values for endangered mammal habitats appeared to be Gangwon, followed by Gyeongbuk and Gyeongnam. The monetary values of the endangered mammal habitats were estimated to be 330 billion to 421 billion won per year.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.290-301
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• 1989

This is preliminary report on anthrax epidemic occurred in an island with about 100 residents. Since 1982 there had been sudden deaths among all kinds of domestic animals including cattle, dogs, ducks, chicken and goat but only a few among cats in an isolated island about three hours distance away by ferry boat from Mokpo city. From 1986 through 1988 nine human deaths and four patients occurred, which made the government intervene for investigation on June 25 1988. The epidemiological investigation consisted of interview survey and medical examination, medical record analysis, laboratory work to isolate the pathogens under the direction of hypothesis derived from the study and further confirmation of the pathogens by international institute. The summarized results are as followings: 1. According to the interview survey there were many deaths among domestic animals usually in cold and dry season such as January through March and September through November; 36 heads of cattle leaving one head, more than 40 hogs(all), hundreds of chicken leaving few alive, goats that had taken home from mountain and two or three cats out of around 40 had sudden deaths from 1982 till 1985, when the residents stopped to purchase and take them into the island anymore. Also there were eleven persons who had experienced the similar syndrome complex to those of admitted and expired patients and four of them revealed typical chest X-ray findings; from one of these four patients(Rho) B. anthracis is isolated. 2. Medical record on patients who had been admitted, showed common characteristics of the disease course. On admission they had either gastrointestinal or upper respiratory infection symptoms which invariably progressed to septicemic nature with pulmonary interstitial infiltration and mediastinal widening/bulging, and then to deadly acute respiratory distress syndrome. At the end stage chest X-ray revealed multiple bullous emphysema. One of another characteristics was oral ulceration with bleeding occurred in about 50% of the patients. Laboratory test results in common were leukocytosis with left shift and abnormal liver and kidney functions, particularly at the later stage of the illness. 3. Epidemiological characteristics was striking in that both mortality and incidence rates were high: the mortality rate was 8.7% average, male being three times higher than females but there was no distictive clustering by age group. The incidence rate for both sexes was 28.2% and there was no sex difference although a tendency of higher incidence among older ages was noticed. The highest mortality and incidence were observed in Won village where the first death of animal occurred and with the highest frequency among three villages of the island. 4. Among twelve bacilli species isolated from various specimens, two strains, one from patient and the other from soil where the recently died cow is hurried, were confirmed as B. anthracis by Pasteur Institute and CDC of USA(strain from soil). CDC reported that the strain did not produce capsule in bicarbonate media but reacted with the bacteriophage and one of five sera taken from the patients. Mode of transmission as well as incubation period of the agent has not been established yet, which needs further investigation in relation to the antigenic structure of the variant when it is confirmed.