• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.59-62
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• 2013

Man-in-the-barrel syndrome (MIBS) is a clinical syndrome of bilateral upper limb weakness with normal lower extremity function. It can be caused by various neurological conditions such as bilateral cerebral hypoperfusion, syringomyelia, motor neuron disease, or cervical myelopathies. We report a patient with MIBS after cervical spinal cord ischemia. It is postulated to be caused by ischemic insults of anterior spinal artery from repeated and prolonged neck extension.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.617-625
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• 2015

In this paper, a steering control system for the path tracking of autonomous vehicles is described. The steering control system consists of a path tracker and primitive driver. The path tracker generates the desired steering angle by using the look-ahead distance, vehicle heading, and a lateral offset. A method for applying an autonomous vehicle to path tracking is an advanced pure pursuit method that can reduce cutting corners, which is a weakness of the pure pursuit method. The steering controller controls the steering actuator to follow the desired steering angle. A servo motor is installed to control the steering handle, and it can transmit the steering force using a belt and pulley. We designed a steering controller that is applied to a proportional integral differential controller. However, because of a dead band, the path tracking performance and stability of autonomous vehicles are reduced. To overcome the dead band, a dead band compensator was developed. As a result of the compensator, the path tracking performance and stability are improved.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2014

Local steroid injections are widely used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in the management of carpal tunnel syndrome. The median nerve injury is the most serious complication in association with carpal tunnel injections although the incidence is low. A median nerve injury will be presented with shooting pain at the injection time along with other sensory distortion, motor weakness and muscle atrophy. The management includes a conservative treatment and a surgical exploration. Carpal tunnel injections should be used at a minimum only. If such steroid injection is required, an appropriate needle positioning is vital for the nerve injury prevention. The patient should not be heavily sedated and should be encouraged to inform experiences of numbness/paresthesia during the procedure immediately.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.539-546
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• 2004

Conventional robot manipulators actuated by motors with the speed reducer such as the harmonic drive have weakness in the load capacity, since the speed reducer does not have enough strength. To overcome this, a new type of the robot actuator based on the four-bar-link mechanism driven by the ball screw was proposed and constructed. Also, a new type of a revolute-jointed robot manipulator composed of the developed actuators was developed. The base axis is actuated by the motor with the conventional speed reducer, but the other axes are actuated by the proposed actuators. The kinematics and dynamics of the robot were analyzed, and the performance test of the robot was made. Through the test results, the performance of superior load capacity versus the robot weight is shown.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 2020

Benign monomelic amyotrophy (BMA) is a benign motor neuron disease in which amyotrophic change is confined to either the upper or the lower extremities. Numerous cases of BMA have been reported from Japan and India. However, only a few cases have been reported from other regions, including South Korea. Here we report a rare case of late-onset BMA in Korean male using conventional diagnostic approach with magnetic resonance imaging and electromyography. The patient received ten sessions of manual therapy, which focused on strengthening of the left ankle. At two-month follow up, weakness was still isolated to the patient's left ankle. There were no signs of disease progression.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.245-250
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• 1976

A 33 year-old man was admitted with chief complaints of severe sharp pain on left upper interscapular region and motor weakness of left arm for 9 days. He had a history of blunt trauma over left shoulder about 3 years ago. Physical examination showed a ping pong ball sized mass which was located at the left supraclavicular area and was firm, fixed, and nonpulsatile. No bruit or murmur was obtained over the mass. Ipsilaterally, radial, ulnar, and brachial pulse were very weak and ptosis and anhidrosis were noticed. Neurologic examination revealed moderate or severe weakness of flexion and extension of left elbow, wrist and fingers, and anesthesia of the skin in left C8-T1 dermatome and hypalgesia in left C6-C7 dermatome. Retrograde aortography demonstrated complete obstruction of left subclavian artery. An exploratory operation was performed through the left 4th intercostal space. It was found that the mass was a left subclavian aneurysm of traumatic false type. Proximal and distal ligation of the aneurysm were applied and the sac was partially removed. The continuity of the subclavain artery was established by the use of a 6mm. Dacron graft from the root of the subclavian to the axillary artery. Postoperatively the patient was improved from the circulatory and neurologic disturbances.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.670-676
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• 2005

The purpose of this case study is to present a case of oculolmotor nerve palsy due to midbrain infarction improved by acupuncture and herb medicine. Oculomotor nerve palsy is a disorder associated with dysfunction in the third cranial nerve, which causes eye movement disorder, diplopia and ptosis. The patient, who was diagnosed with Benedikt's Syndrome(Red Nucleus Syndrome), was given oriental medical treatment. Benetikt's Syndrome has the various symptoms of weakness on one side(contralateral) and eye movement disorder, ptosis, diplopia(ipsilateral) etc., but research on Benetikt's Syndrome or midbrain infarction is scant. Results of this study suggest a role for conservative therapy with herb medicine and acupuncture to treat oculomotor nerve palsy(eye movement disorder, ptosis, diplopia, etc., ipsilateral) and right motor weakness(contralateral) due to midbrain infarction. Further research into oriental medical treatment for such disorders will be forthcoming.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.1080-1084
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• 2000

Spinal neurenteric cyst results from the persistence of an abnormal communication between endodermal and ne-uroectodermal layer. Embryologically, neurenteric cyst is derived from endoderm that is fused with the developing notochord during the third week of gestation. It is a rare malformation that lead to spinal cord compression. The patient is 19-year-old male presented with chest pain, paresthesia and progressive weakness in his low extremities(grade II/II). Preoperative MR imaging revealed intradural extramedullary cyst with intracystic hemorrhage in T1 and T2 level that is ventrally located and compressed the spinal cord. Involved vertebral bodies were scalloped and fused. The cystic tumor were totally removed through costotransversectomy approach. Postoperatively, motor weakness of the low extremities were improved to the level of grade IV/V. And chest pain and paresthesia were gradually disappeared. Postoperative MR imaging showed the decompression of the thoracic spinal cord. Histologic examination revealed a ciliated columnar epithelial neurenteric cyst. The pre- and postoperative clinical, radiological features of a case of upper thoracic neurenteric cyst is described with review of literature.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.162-165
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• 2014

Idiopathic hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis (IHSP) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disorder characterized by marked fibrosis of the spinal dura mater with unknown etiology. According to the location of the lesion, it might induce neurologic deficits by compression of spinal cord and nerve root. A 58-year old female with a 3-year history of progressive weakness in both lower extremities was referred to our institute. Spinal computed tomography (CT) scan showed an osteolytic lesion involving base of the C6 spinous process with adjacent epidural mass. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an epidural mass involving dorsal aspect of cervical spinal canal from C5 to C7 level, with low signal intensity on T1 and T2 weighted images and non-enhancement on T1 weighted-enhanced images. We decided to undertake surgical exploration. At the operation field, there was yellow colored, thickened fibrous tissue over the dura mater. The lesion was removed totally, and decompression of spinal cord was achieved. Symptoms improved partially after the operation. Histopathologically, fibrotic pachymeninges with scanty inflammatory cells was revealed, which was compatible with diagnosis of idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis. Six months after operation, motor power grade of both lower extremities was normal on physical examination. However, the patient still complained of mild weakness in the right lower extremity. Although the nature of IHSP is generally indolent, decompressive surgery should be considered for the patient with definite or progressive neurologic symptoms in order to prevent further deterioration. In addition, IHSP can present as an osteolytic lesion. Differential diagnosis with neoplastic disease, including giant cell tumor, is important.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2008

Background: Acute brachial plexitis is an acute idiopathic inflammatory disease affecting brachial plexus, which is characterized by initial severe pain in shoulder followed by profound weakness of affected arm. This is a retrospective study to evaluate the clinical and electrophysiological profile of acute brachial plexitis. Methods: Sixteen patients with acute brachial plexitis were sampled. The electrodiagnostic studies included motor and sensory nerve conduction studies (NCSs) of the median and ulnar, sensory NCSs of medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerves, and needle electromyography (EMG) of selected muscles of upper extremities and cervical paraspinal muscles. The studies were performed on both sides irrespective of the clinical involvement. Results: In most of our patient, upper trunk was predominantly affected (14 patients, 87.50%). Only two patients showed either predominant lower trunk affection or diffuse affection of brachial plexus. All had an acute pain followed by the development of muscle weakness of shoulder girdle after a variable interval ($7{\pm}8.95$ days). Ten patients (62.50%) had severe disability. In NCSs, the most frequent abnormality was abnormal lateral antebrachial cutaneous sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs). On needle EMG, all the patients showed abnormal EMG findings in affected muscles. Conclusions: In this study, pain was the presenting feature in all patients, and the territory innervated by upper trunk of the brachial plexus was most frequently involved. The most common NCS abnormality was abnormal SNAP in lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve. Our findings support that the electrodiagnostic test is useful in localizing the trunk involvement in acute brachial plexitis.