• Title/Summary/Keyword: Motor skill training

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The Effect of Motor Skill Training on Motor Function and Cerebellar Development After Alcohol Exposure in Neonatal Rats (운동기술훈련이 태아알코올증후군 흰쥐 모델의 소뇌 발달과 운동기능에 미치는 영향)

  • Koo, Hyun-Mo
    • Physical Therapy Korea
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.50-58
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study was to test that motor skill training enhance motor function and cerebellar development. Using an animal model of fetal alcohol syndrome-which equates peak blood alcohol concentrations across developmental period-critifical periods for the effect of alcohol on body and cerebellar weigh was examined. The effect of motor skill training on motor function and cerebellar development of rat exposed alcohol on postnatal days 4 through 10 were studied. Newborn rats were assigned to one of two groups: (1) Control group (CG), via artificial rearing to milk formula and (2) experimental groups (EG), via 4.5g/kg/day of ethanol in a milk solution. After completion of the treatments, the pups were fostered back to lactating dams, and wearing they were raised in standard caged until they were postnatal 48 days. Rats from experimental group of postnatal treatment then spent 10 days in one of two groups: Experimental group II (EGII) was had got motor skill training (training traverse a set of 6 elevated obstacles) for 4 weeks. Experimental group I (EGI) was not trained. Before sacrificing, the rat got examined two behavioral test, body weigh and cerebellar weigh, then coronal sections were processed. The section was investigated the Purkije cell in the cerebellum using light microscope. The results of this study were as follows. 1. In body weight test, the outcome of alcohol groups were significantly lower than the normal group. 2. In cerebellar weight test, the outcome of EGI were significantly lower than CG and EGII. 3. In motor behavioral test, the outcome of EGI was significantly lower than NG and EGII. 4. In Purkinje cells counting test, the outcome of EGI was significantly lower than the NG and EGII. These result suggest that improved motor function induced by motor skill training after postnatal exposure is associated with dynamically altered expression of Purkinje cells and that is related with cerebellar function. Also, these data can potentially serve as a model for therapeutic intervention.

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Motor Skill Learning on the Ipsi-Lateral Upper Extremity to the Damaged Hemisphere in Stroke Patients

  • Son, Sung Min;Hwang, Yoon Tae;Nam, Seok Hyun;Kwon, Yonghyun
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.212-215
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: This study examined whether there is a difference in motor learning through short-term repetitive movement practice in stroke survivors with a unilateral brain injury compared to normal elderly participants. Methods: Twenty-six subjects who were divided into a stroke group (n=13) or sex-aged matched normal elder group (n=13) participated in this study. To evaluate the effects of motor learning, the participants conducted a tracking task for visuomotor coordination. The accuracy index was calculated for each trial. Both groups received repetitive tracking task training of metacarpophalangeal joint for 50 trials. The stroke group performed a tracking task in the upper extremity insi-lesional to the damaged hemisphere, and the normal elder group performed the upper extremity matched for the same side. Results: Two-way repetitive ANOVA revealed a significant difference in the interactions ($time{\times}group$) and time effects. These results indicated that the motor skill improved in both the stroke and normal elder group with a tracking task. On the other hand, the stroke group showed lesser motor learning skill than the normal elder group, in comparison with the amount of motor learning improvement. Conclusion: These results provide novel evidence that stroke survivors with unilateral brain damage might have difficulty in performing ipsilateral movement as well as in motor learning with the ipsilateral upper limb, compared to normal elderly participants.

A Literature Review on the Evaluation of and Interventions for Children's Motor Function (아동의 운동기능 평가 및 중재방법에 관한 문헌 고찰)

  • Sa, Jae-Deok;Park, Hae Yean
    • Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.53-74
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    • 2021
  • Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine foreign literature on the evaluation and interventions for motor functions in children. Methods : Studies in this review were identified by searching the PubMed, Cochrane Library (Embase) databases from those published form January 2010 to March 2020 using the following keywords: "motor function test" or "motor function measure" or "movement assessment" or "motor proficiency test" or "motor scale" or "motor skill" and children. Results : Of the total 37 identified studies, 14 analyzed evaluations, 23 analyzed interventions, all of which were randomized control trials. Studies on evaluations were increasingly more common, in contrast to studies on interventions for motor functions. The most frequent field of research was rehabilitation. The studies on evaluations included the AIMS and MABC-II, and GMFM was the most frequently used intervention. Interventions were most commonly used in task-oriented training (six studies). Conclusion : This study aimed to provide a basis for therapists to choose effective motor function evaluation and interventions for clinical trials by analyzing studies related to interventions for and evaluation of motor function in children.

Comparison of Motor Skill Acquisition according to Types of Sensory-Stimuli Cue in Serial Reaction Time Task

  • Kwon, Yong Hyun;Lee, Myoung Hee
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.191-195
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether types of sensory-stimuli cues in terms of visual, auditory, and visuoauditory cues can be affected to motor sequential learning in healthy adults, using serial reaction time task. Methods: Twenty four healthy subjects participated in this study, who were randomly allocated into three groups, in terms of visual-stimuli (VS) group, auditory-stimuli (AS) group, and visuoauditory-stimuli (VAS) group. In SRT task, eight Arabic numbers were adopted as presentational stimulus, which were composed of three different types of presentational modules, in terms of visual, auditory, and visuoauditory stimuli. On an experiment, all subjects performed total 3 sessions relevant to each stimulus module with a pause of 10 minutes for training and pre-/post-tests. At the pre- and post-tests, reaction time and accuracy were calculated. Results: In reaction time, significant differences were founded in terms of between-subjects, within-subjects, and interaction effect for group ${\times}$ repeated factor. In accuracy, no significant differences were observed in between-group and interaction effect for groups ${\times}$ repeated factor. However, a significant main effect of within-subjects was observed. In addition, a significant difference was showed in comparison of differences of changes between the pre- and post-test only in the reaction time among three groups. Conclusion: This study suggest that short-term sequential motor training on one day induced behavioral modification, such as speed and accuracy of motor response. In addition, we found that motor training using visual-stimuli cue showed better effect of motor skill acquisition, compared to auditory and visuoauditory-stimuli cues.

Extraction of Motor Modules by Autoencoder to Identify Trained Motor Control Ability

  • LEE, Jae-Hyuk
    • Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.15-19
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: This pilot study aimed to clarify features of motor module during walking in exercise experts who experienced lately repeated training for sports skill. To identify motor modules, autoencoder machine learning algorithm was used, and modules were extracted from muscle activities of lower extremities. Research design, data and methodology: A total of 10 university students were participated. 5 students did not experience any sports training before, and 5 students did experience sports training more than 5 years. Eight muscle activities of dominant lower extremity were measured. After modules were extracted by autoencoder, the numbers of modules and spatial muscle weight values were compared between two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the minimal number of motor modules that explain more than 90% of original data between groups. However, in similarity analysis, three motor modules were shown high similarity (r>0.8) while one module was shown low similarity (r<0.5). Conclusions: This study found not only common motor modules between exercise novice and expert during walking, but also found that a specific motor module, which would be associated with high motor control ability to distinguish the level of motor performance in the field of sports.

The Effect of Education on Motor Skill Assessment Tool for Occupational Therapists (작업치료사를 위한 운동성 평가도구의 교육효과)

  • Choi, Jeong-sil;Kim, Min-Joo
    • The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.63-72
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    • 2020
  • Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of intensive one-day training on Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 screening developmental coordination disorder. Methods : We provided intensive one-day training which combined lecture and practice on MABC-2 assessment tools for 33 trainees. Interrater reliability was calculated by using Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with the raw score of results scored simultaneously by experts and trainees of MABC-2. Results : The 33 female trainees with an average of five years and three months of experience and less experience using motor skill assessment tools scored raw score while watching the performance scenes of normal children. The results of the ICC between experts and training participants in MABC-2 obtained a high confidence 0.95 and above (p<.001). Conclusion : Clinicians who participated in one-day training seems to use MABC-2 effectively. Through this, one-day training seems to be effective in acquiring new motor skill assessment tools.

Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Motor Skills Recovery in Sciatic Nerve Crush-Induced Rats

  • Kim, Ki-Hyun;Shin, Hyung-Soo;Jung, Nam-Jin;Hwangbo, Gak
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.43-54
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    • 2020
  • PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of mild-intensity exercise (MIE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on the recovery of the motor function over time in sciatic nerve crush injury rats. METHODS: The MIE group ran on a treadmill at a speed of 8.3 m/min to perform low-intensity training with maximum oxygen uptakes ranging from 40 to 50%. The HIIE group ran on the treadmill at a speed of 25 m/min to perform high-intensity training with a maximum oxygen uptake of 80%. The interval training was performed based on a 1:1 work-to-rest ratio. The effects of each form of exercise on the rats' walking abilities following their recovery from the peripheral nerve injuries were evaluated based on the results of behavior tests performed at one and 14 days. RESULTS: According to the test results, the MIE group showed significant improvements in the rats' ankle angle in the initial stance phase, and in the ankle and knee angles in the toe-off phase (p<.05). The HIIE group exhibited significant improvements in the ankle and knee angles in the initial stance phase, SFI(p<.05). CONCLUSION: The state of such patients can be improved by applying the results of this study in that MIE and HIIE on a treadmill can contribute to the recovery of the peripheral nerve and motor skill. In particular, MIE is used as a walking functional training in the toe-off stance phase, while HIIE is suitable in the initial stance stage.

Effects of Group Task-Oriented Circuit Training on Motor Function, ADLs and Quality of Life in Individuals with Chronic Stroke: A Case Study (과제지향적순환훈련이 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 운동기능, 일상생활동작 및 삶의 질에 미치는 영향 : 사례연구)

  • Ko, Myung-Sook;Jeon, Hye-Seon;Hwang, Sujin
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.1894-1903
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of group task-oriented circuit training (TOCT) based on motor learning applied in conjunction with physical and occupational therapy on functional activity, activities of daily living (ADLs), and quality of life in individuals with chronic stroke. Six chronic stroke patients participated for a duration of 31 weeks. Treatment outcomes were assessed via Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment, the Berg Balance Scale, the Assessment of Motor and Process Skill (AMPS), and the Stroke Impact Scale pre- and post-intervention. The participants exhibited significant improvements in impairment, static and dynamic balance, and mood and emotion after group TOCT. The results of AMPS indicated an improvement in the motor area in 3 of the subjects. In the process area, 4 of the subjects exhibited improvement. The results of this study suggest that TOCT is beneficial to physical functions for chronic hemiparetic stroke patients in community-dwelling.

A Study of Joint Therapy (관절치료에 관한 연구)

  • Bae, Sung-Soo;Lee, Myung-Hee;Lee, Sang-Yeul;Yoon, Chang-G.
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.121-125
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    • 2008
  • Purpose : The objective of this study was conducted to find out the treatment of joint problems. Methods : This is a literature study with books, seminar note and international course books. Results : Passive oscillation and distraction movement therapy is only joint mobilization and pain control. In the joint therapy need muscle strengthening, training of eccentrical control and neurophysiological therapy for joint mobility, stability, stability of mobility and skill. Conclusion : Joint therapy is not only joint mobility but also strengthening of soft tissue. Need the neurophysiological therapy those are use of ventromedial motor nucleus and dorsolateral motor nucleus, reciprocal inhibition, eccentrical muscle contraction training, proprioceptors and exteroceptor for structures and functional activities. For the pain control, reduce swelling, keeping GAGs and functional activities need direct and indirect therapy.

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Variability of Practice Effects in Transfer of Photoelectric Rotary Pursuit Task

  • Jeon, Hye-Seon
    • Physical Therapy Korea
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.7-11
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    • 2005
  • The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of variability of training on the acquisition of motor skill of closed loop type tracking task using Rotary Pursuit, and to determine if there was a bilateral transfer effect to the non-dominant hand following practice with the dominant hand. Twelve healthy volunteer students (5 males and 7 females, aged 25 to 37) were randomly divided into a constant practice group and a variable practice group. A photoelectric rotary pursuit apparatus with stop clock and repeat cycle timer by Lafayette Instrumentation Co. was used for this study. Rotary pursuit is a closed loop task in which a subject attempts to keep a photoelectric stylus on a lighted target in motion. Subjects performed the clockwise circular pursuit task while standing. Experimental procedure was divided into three sessions, namely, pre-test, training, and post-test. The constant group practiced all 60 trials at 30 rpm. Variable practice group did a varied practice session with 15 trials at speeds of 20 rpm, 26 rpm, 34 rpm, and 46 rpm. No one in either group practiced with their non-dominant arm. A Mann-Whitney test and a Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test were used for statistical analyses. The results of this study showed no different training effect between groups on the post-test with the dominant hand. However, bilateral transfer effect of rotary pursuit task between hands was demonstrated. Possible mechanisms are discussed.

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