• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2015

Objectives : Repetitive and stereotyped behaviors are core symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The purpose of our study was to investigate the frequency of motor stereotypes in ASD children and their clinical features. Methods : Among 171 ASD children (age range, 3-15), the ASD group with motor stereotypes was defined according to two items in the Korean version of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (K-ADI-R). We compared the clinical features, behavior problems and severity of other domains in the K-ADI-R and executive functions between the ASD group with motor stereotypes and the ASD group without motor stereotypes. Results : Ninety (52.6%) of 171 ASD children had motor stereotypes. The ASD group with motor stereotypes had a lower intelligence quotient score (62.23 vs. 84.94, p<.001) compared to the ASD group without motor stereotypes. The ASD group with motor stereotypes had more impairments in the social interaction domain [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.11, p=.001] and communication domain (AOR 1.15, p=.008). Thought problems and lethargy were more frequent in the ASD group with motor stereotypes than the ASD group without motor stereotypes (AOR 2.059, p=.034 ; adjusted OR 1.045, p=.046). However, no significant differences in executive function were observed between the ASD group with motor stereotypes and the ASD group without motor stereotypes. Conclusion : The ASD group with motor stereotypes showed more impairment in social interaction and communication domains, which are core symptoms of autism. Motor stereotypes may indicate greater severity of ASD.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.141-150
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• 2013

In this paper, the learnability of haptic icons was tested as a way of conveying turn-by-turn directions to users involved in navigation interactions with commercial smartphones. To do this, six most distinctive haptic icons were identified from those having different duration of each pulse, interval between pulses, and rhythm. Associations between the selected haptic icons and 3 pairs of navigation directions were analyzed using data gathered from 30 subjects by 7 point Likert scale. The haptic icons were then assigned to proper directions based on the results from that stereotype analysis. The results showed that the commercial smartphone with one linear motor at a fixed location is not capable of making hapticons to have clear directional stereotypes. The hapticons with poor stereotypes has no advantage in learnability compared to those of random assignment.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.191-198
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• 2019

In this paper, we implemented the prevention of oil mixing accidents caused by stereotypes or novice drivers at gas stations. After the CO gas concentration of the fuel tank is measured using the MQ-9 gas sensor, the gasoline and diesel are distinguished from each other. This is decided by using a servomotor to lock of the fueling nozzle to prevent the mixing of oil. In addition, car washes time display is implemented by using infrared sensor to save the time and to provide convenience for customers who want to wash car after fueling.