• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2013

Objective: Final goal of nerve advancement therapy is to provide maximum ability to function independently in life to patients. This paper appraises and describes basic concepts of the virtual reality (VR) based exercise program to improve functional movement for neurologically impaired patients. Design: Review article. Methods: Stroke patients from the physical therapy department while wearing comfortable clothing receive therapy and also VR based motion therapy administered by the therapist in charge. After evaluation of stroke patients, therapy includes an exercise program that is suitable for use with stroke patients; stroke patients wear head-mounted display while in front of the computer, where the camera is located; they follow the action on the screen and the computer perceives the operation of the stroke patients according to subject accomplishment. Results: According to obstacle condition of stroke patients using the method, which is various environments after setting, in stroke patients, there is a possibility of presenting suitable therapeutic environments. The display presentation of the method, which is identical, causes difficulty for all stroke patients. According to subject accomplishment; stroke patients result in execution of repetition training and deepening study, which leads to mobility. Conclusions: The VR based rehabilitation training programs is a difference of the existing video training program, is immediate feedback and compensation method. It will provide rehabilitation training services for the family of the patient whose condition could be improved with rehabilitative therapy where it is a continuous circumstance as a matter of the social welfare facility therapy.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2024

This study aims to compare six observational methods for assessing arm- and hand-intensive tasks, based on literature review. The comparison was conducted in viewpoints of body regions, force/external load, motion repetition, other factors including static posture, coupling, duration/break, pace, temperature, precision task, and final risk or exposure level. The number of risk factors assessed was more, and assessment procedure was more complex than the observational methods for assessing whole-body postural loads such as Ovako Working Posture Analysis System(OWAS), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment(RULA), and Rapid Entire Body Assessment(REBA). Due to these, the intra- and inter-reliabilities were not high. A past study showed that while Hand Arm Risk Assessment Method(HARM) identified the smallest proportion of the work tasks as high risk, Strain Index(SI) and Quick Exposure Check(QEC) hand/wrist were the most rigorous with classifying most work tasks as high risk. This study showed that depending on the observational technique compared, the evaluation factors, risk or exposure level, and evaluation results were different, making it necessary to select a technique appropriate for the characteristics of the work being assessed.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.313-326
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• 2015

Objective: The objective of this research is to quantitatively analyze muscle activities of arm and shoulder, according to direction in various types of one-handed manual material handling, based on surface electromyography. Background: Workers in industrial sites frequently carry out one-handed manual material handling using arm and shoulder muscles. Therefore, chronic load and accumulated fatigue occur to arm and shoulder muscles, which becomes a main cause of upper arm and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders. The shoulder muscles have widely range of motion, and complex interactions take place among various muscles including rotator cuff muscles. In this regard, research on interactions among should muscles, according to such various dynamic motions, is required. Method: Ten male subjects in their 20s participated in this research. This research considered upward, downward, leftward, rightward, forward and backward directions and fourteen muscles around arm and shoulder (biceps brachii and trapezius, etc.) as independent variables. The mean muscle activity was set as the dependent variable. This research extracted $4^{th}{\sim}7^{th}$ repetition signals according to ten times of repetitive muscle contraction, and analyzed the muscle activity concerned using the envelope detection technique. Results: The mean muscle activity of upward direction was analyzed highly statistically significant. The reason is that the effect of gravity works to arm and shoulder muscles. Also, it is conjectured that deformation of coracoacromial ligament was caused, and its contact pressure increased, due mainly to the shoulder flexion, and therefore load was analyzed high. Muscle activity was analyzed significantly low, according to concentric ballistic motion used in the concentric contraction phase by storing elastic energy in the eccentric contraction phase with a motion to bring the weight to the front of subject's body as to downward, leftward and backward directions. Because, elbow joint's flexion-extension motions mainly occurred, biceps brachii was analyzed high muscle activity as the prime mover. Conclusion: The information on the quantitative load of muscles can be applied to ergonomic work design for one-handed manual material handling to minimize muscle load. Application: This research has effectively identified muscle activity according to dynamic contraction by applying an envelope detection technique. The results can be used for ergonomic work design to minimize muscle load during the one-handed manual material handling, according to each direction. The research results are expected to be used for musculoskeletal disorder prevention and physiotherapy in the rehabilitation medical field, based on the muscle load of arm and shoulder in various directions.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.224-307
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• 1998

The above study is based upon the Theory of Five Woon(Reasons) and Six Qi(Climates), namely Five dynamic Yin and Yang, the principle of five-six combination, the rules of ten periodically changing Woon and twelve periodically changing Qi, and its reference to the main chapters of the theory by several experts. After careful, comprehensive research and study, the followings are concluded. 1. The Theory of Five Woon and Six Qi controls all of the physical phenomena of the universe, yet it originates from Essence of the Sky that is replete and in constant motion within the abysmal expanse of the universe. So it is natural to claim that it is the Essence of the universe that is the source of the variety of phenomena in nature. 2. There is order of dynamics in the Essence and it is Yin Yang Five Movement and expressed by Five Woon and Six Qi. Therefore the Five Woon and Six Qi, which is the climatic changes of nature, is the basis and condition for all of the natural, physical occurrences including the organic phenomena of human beings. 3. Since the Sky embodied the number Five, and the Earth the number Six, Qi of the Sky itself is consequently Five Woon and Qi of the Earth itself is Six Qi. 4. In Sixty Repetition Intervals (Yuk Sip Kap Ja), the Sky took the number Six, designating the six times repetition of the ten Intervals of the Sky and the Earth chose the number Five, symbolizing five times recurrence of the twelve Intervals of the Earth. Though the number for the Sky is Five and the number for the Earth is Six, the two combine and interact in order for the Sky to exploit the number Six and for the Earth to use the number Five. This interplay implies the relationship of operation and principle of Yin in Yang and Yang in Yin. 5. There seems to be clear and intimate association between five dynamics, five bearings and five Qi' in nature and five organs, five stamina, and five emotions in physiological activities of human beings. Such an correlation apparently demonstrates the idea of climatic changes of the universe in balance among human beings, the Sky, and the Earth. 6. Because nature is of an endlessly dynamic organism itself, to have changes must mear there being movements. Thus the climatic changes in nature are the subsequent consummation of the interaction in mutual balance and unbalance of the rise and fall of the Five Woon and Six Qi. 7. The interpretation, by Chang Ji Chong of "Yin and Yang of the Sky are for birth and growth and Yin and Yang of the Earth for demise and interment" as an explanation that the first half is mainly for life and the second half for death, appears to be correct by his view that there is balance and harmony between the long and short and the strong and weak. 8. In addition to Three Yang and Three Yin, as attributes of the Intervals of the Sky and the twelve Intervals of the Earth, Five Woon and Six Qi are utilized in the annual observation of the perpetual changes of climates.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.332-336
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• 2008

홍삼은 외부형태 및 내부조직품질에 의하여 등급이 분류되고, 3등급이하의 홍삼은 본삼으로 판매하지 않는다. 또한 등급에 따라 가격차이가 매우 큼으로 저급홍삼에 고급홍삼이 혼입되면 경제적 손실이 발생하고, 고급 등급의 홍삼에 하위등급의 홍삼이 혼입되면 클레임이 발생된다. 현재 슬${\hat{e}}{\ddot{u}}$을 이용한 육안검사는 검사자에 따라 기준이 통일되기 어렵고, 오차를 일으킬 가능성이 있어 홍삼의 비 파괴내부조직검사의 가능성을 조사하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 홍삼시료의 수분함량은 $10{\sim}13%$에서 MR image를 획득 후 절단하여 MR image가 실제 절단면과 일치하는지 비교 관찰하였다. 홍삼 내부조직의 단면을 보기 위하여 동일한 조건의 Spin echo pulse sequence에서 시간, slice thickness, 온도별로 MR image를 얻었다. 홍삼은 수분함량이 낮기 때문에 MR 신호가 매우 미약하여 single point image(SPI) 측정방법으로는 약 30분 이상 시간이 소요되었다. 그러나 spin echo pulse sequence에서 내부조직을 구분할 수 있는 적당한 시간은 TE(Echo Time) 2.23 ms, TR(Repetition Time) 150 ms에서 약 9초 동안 측정으로 내부조직판별이 가능하였다. Slice thickness를 3, 5, 10 mm로 변화를 주어 측정한 결과 10 mm로 하였을 때 9초 이내에 내부조직 판별이 충분히 가능한 image를 얻을 수 있었다. 55로 약 30분간 시료를 가온 후 얻은 image가 상온에서 얻은 것보다 더 선명하였다. 이러한 원인은 온도를 가함으로서 수분의 활성이 높아져 MR 신호가 더 강해지는 것으로 생각된다. 이로서 짧은 시간에 홍삼의 MR Image를 획득하여 내부조직 특성을 비교 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 방법은 홍삼의 내부조직 평가에 활용가능성이 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2014

This study analyzes music visualization characteristics in modern fashion based on Wassily Kandinsky's music visualization theory. Alexander McQueen's 2014 Spring Ready-to-wear Collection (as inspired by Mondrian's paintings) was selected as the research subject. First, an analysis of Mondrian's paintings based on Wassily Kandinsky's theory shows that music visualization characteristics can be categorized into spatiality, mobility, and duality. Second, McQueen applied Mondrian's paintings to the overall design, structured the model's shape in the painting, or created patterns using colors and lines that introduced them in clothes; symbolic forms were also introduced as part of or a decorative factor of the clothes. Third, spatiality refers to the creation of a feeling of space through emptiness or fill using lines, colors, and shape. Musical atmosphere such as dissonance were expressed in clothing through the application of color contrast, lines and silhouette dynamics, and symbolic format and patterns by Mondrian. Fourth, mobility generally refers to motion caused by a certain stimulus. Mondrian expressed vibration, internal resonance, sound level in music that emphasized color irregularity, primary color contrast, and rough brush touches as well as free and organic patterns. McQueen expressed this with primary color contrast using different materials, rough touch based on texture, and pattern repetition through transformation. Fifth, duality generally refers to the artistic effect caused by overlap. Mondrian created a resemblance of dissonance and music through line and color as expressed through the duality of clothing design components based on the artistic sense of the designer.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.535-546
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• 2017

This study considers direction types and formative characteristics by analyzing natural objets in contemporary fashion window display. The research methods are both literature review and content analysis based on images of contemporary fashion window display. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, the direction types of natural objets in contemporary fashion window display expand objective outlines by maximizing the morphological form of objects. Second, a rhythmic sense expressed through a gradual repetition of patterns or a sequential arrangement of natural objects. Third, it represents a reversal of image accomplished through a modification of material on the natural objects. Fourth, a new space is created by transforming two dimensional forms of natural objects. The first formative characteristic of natural objects in contemporary fashion window display is exaggeration. This is expressed through either the expansion of the external volume, the collapsed form of natural objects, or the distortion of external colors. Second, it is a dynamics. This makes it possible to recall the dynamic image of the integration of the observer with a priori thinking by systematically sequencing objects or inducing a specific motion. Third, it is an abstraction. This provides an opportunity for the observer to find in a natural beauty by exchanging physical form or reinterpreting characteristic points. Fourth, it concerns eclecticism characteristic that objects created through the mutual fusion of heterogeneous elements indicates an aesthetic inspiration in a limited space by diverting conventional thinking toward natural objects with expansion of consciousness on formative arts.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.21-32
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• 1999

지진가속도에 의한 부재의 지진거동 특성은 실험적인 방법 또는 등가의 정적실험으로부터 추정되어 온 것이 대부분이다 본 연구에서는 지진가속도에 의한 철근콘크리트 전단벽체의 지진응답 및 파괴거동 특성을 유한요소법을 사용한 해석적인 기법에 의해서 예측하였다 콘크리트 부재에서 균열은 필연적으로 발생하게 되며 이로 인한 부재의 강도 및 강성의 감소 철근의 항복 및 하중의 반복성으로 인한 균열의 개폐등이 수반된다 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 콘크리트와 철근의 비선형 특성을 고려한 이축응력상태에 대한 재료모델과 동적해석 알고리즘을 범용 수치해석기법인 유한요소법을 사용하여 해석프로그램으로 구현하였다 지진가속도를 받는 전단벽을 대상으로 지진응답 및 파괴거동등을 본 연구의 해석적인 방법으로 예측하였으며 그 결과를 신뢰성 있는 연구자의 실험결과와 비교하여 그 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2010년도 임시총회 및 하계학술연구발표회
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• pp.94-94
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• 2010

Co/Pd multilayer systems have been investigated with much attention for a long time due to the high and easily controllable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Two [Pd(1)/Co(0.4 nm)]5 multilayer systems - one is as-deposit, and the other is annealed at $350^{\circ}C$ - are studied with an all-optical approach. A two-color optical pump probe setup using 30 fs laser pulse at 82 MHz repetition rate is used to measure the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr signal. It turns out the heat treatment enhances the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and leads to faster magnetization precession. The frequency reaches 30 GHz in the annealed sample, which is a factor of 2 larger compared to the as-deposit film.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.155-168
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• 2006

The purpose of this study focusing on the gather decorations shown in the modern fashion was to review needlework techniques and design features of gather decorations and thereupon, analyze the aesthetic characteristics of gather decorations shown in designers' works to examine the gather decoration trend in today's fashion. First, the decorative features of gather decorations different from the conventional costumes are shirring, lace and trimming combined or shirring repeated. Second, in view of sensualism, the gather decorations seem to play a role of enhancing the exposure as a mode of expression, while the indirect exposure or beach is mixed with the materials to widen the range of gather decoration expressions. Third, in terms of history, the conventional decorative techniques are combined with new techniques and materials to create a fantastic and romantic mood different from the conventional costumes. Fourth, in view of rhythms, the wave line of the rim for gather decorations serves to express some vivid effects; on the human body, its monotonous plane repetition will turn into a new expression or a voluminous physical sense of motion. However, since expressions or meanings of the gather decorations are much diversified, they should not be regarded as simple decoration details. Our modern designers searching for new expression of creases use unique structural forms to explore the possibility of creative gather decorations. In all, since gather decorations seem to be significant as unique details conducive to a structural pragmatism and aesthetics, it is deemed necessary to continue to develop gather decorations.