• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2002

While the survival rate of preterm infants and employment rates of mothers with infants have been dramatically increasing, little is known about the impact of maternal employment and having premature infants on maternal health recovery after delivery. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine differences in postpartum health by mother's employment and infant's prematurity over time during the first 3 months postpartum. The study used a longitudinal design and was secondary data analysis from a large study. A convenience sample of 132 mothers was recruited with mothers who had fullterm or preterm infants through the postpartum unit. They were followed up for 3 times (at 1-2 days, 6 weeks, and 3 months) during the first 3 months postpartum period. Level of fatigue and hysical symptoms were indicators for postpartum physical health; Positive affect and negative affect were assessed for postpartum mental health, and role functional status after childbirth was for role performance. Finding indicated that health indicators changed significantly over time but there was no main or interaction effect for maternal employment status. There were main effects of infant's prematurity on positive affect, negative affect, and role functional status (self-care and social and community activities). This study enhanced the understanding of postpartum health of mothers with preterm infants as well as those with fullterm infants during the postpartum period.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2013

목적 본 연구는 미숙아를 출산한 어머니의 양육스트레스를 파악하고 어머니와 아동 특성에 따른 양육스트레스 관련성 확인을 위해 시도되었다. 방법 서울소재 Y대학병원에서 미숙아로 태어나 신생아집중치료실 치료를 받고 퇴원한 교정연령 4개월 이상 12개월 이하 영아 어머니 36명을 대상으로 어머니와 아동의 일반적 특성, 아동의 발달 상태를 평가하기 위한 K-ASQ, 어머니 양육스트레스 측정을 위해 Abdin (1990)이 개발한 PSI와 우울정도 측정을 위해 Beck (1967)의 우울척도 BDI를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 19.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, 피어슨 상관관계 방법으로 분석하였다. 결과 미숙아 어머니 양육스트레스 최고 175점 중 평균 $74.639{\pm}17.570$으로 양육스트레스가 있는 수준이었다. 어머니에게 사생활 여유(t=2.684, p<.05)가 있을 경우 총 양육스트레스가 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았으며, 주거상태가 자택(t=-2.228, p<.05)일 경우와 지역사회로부터 자녀양육에 대한 정보지원을 받은 경우(t=2.855, p<.05) 양육스트레스 하부 영역 중 아동의 까다로운 기질로 인한 양육스트레스가 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다. 어머니 우울정도가 높을수록 총 양육스트레스가 높았으며(r=.569, p<.01), 양육스트레스 하부 영역 중 부모자녀의 역기능적 상호작용과 부모 스트레스(r=.590, p<.01), 아동의 까다로운 기질로 인한 양육스트레스(r=.442, p<.01) 사이에 각각 높은상관성을 보였다. 결론 미숙아 어머니 양육스트레스 중재를 위해 어머니 사생활 여유를 마련하고 지역사회로 부터 정보지원을 받을 수 있는 사회적 지지체계가 요구되며, 어머니 우울감소를 위한 프로그램 개발 및 부모자녀 상호작용과 발달상태 평가에 대한 부모 교육 방안을 마련해야 할 것이다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.376-384
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the influence of a breastfeeding coaching program (BCP) for mothers of late preterm infants (LPIs) on the breastfeeding rate and neonatal morbidity within 1 month after discharge. Methods: This was a non-randomized quasi-experimental study with a time series design. The participants were 40 LPIs and their mothers who were hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit at a university hospital. Nineteen LPIs were assigned to the control group, and 21 to the experimental group. The mothers of the LPIs in the experimental group received the BCP once on the discharge day and then once a week for 1 month. Neonatal morbidity was defined as an outpatient department or emergency room visit due to an LPI's health problem. Results: The breastfeeding rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group at the fourth week after discharge (χ²=7.17, p=.028). Five and two LPIs in the control group and the experimental group, respectively, visited a hospital due to neonatal jaundice. Neonatal morbidity was not significantly different between the two groups (χ²=1.95, p=.164). Conclusion: The BCP was useful for improving the breastfeeding rates of LPIs and may have potential to reduce neonatal morbidity.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 1984

산모(産母)의 B형 간염(肝炎) virus감염에 관련되는 위험요소와 HBsAg 보유(保有)가 신생아의 건강에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 개명대학교 동산의료원 산부인과에서 1982연(年) 2월(月) 1일(日)부터 동년(同年) 5월(月) 30일(日) 사이에 분만한 729명의 산모(産母)를 대상으로 혈청 HBsAg과 anti-HBs를 조사하였다. 산모(産母)의 HBsAg 양성율은 729명중 43명으로 5.9%, anti-HBs는 246명으로 33.7%의 양성율을 보여 전체적인 B형 간염(肝炎) 감염율은 39.6%였다. HBsAg 양성인 산모(産母) 43명과 음성 산모(産母) 210명을 무작위로 뽑아 면접 조사하여 비교한 결과 침술력이 HBsAg 보유(保有)와 유의한 상관관계를 보여 (p<0.005) 침술을 통해 B형 간염(肝炎)이 상당히 전파되었을 가능성을 보였다. 또한 HBsAg 양성 산모(産母)가 음성 산모(産母)에 비해 생활수준이 일반적으로 낮아 B형 간염(肝炎) 감염에 환경적 요소가 관여한다는 설(設)과 일치하는 결과를 보였다. HBsAg 양성 산모(産母)에서 태어난 신생아 43명의 제대혈액에서는 한명도 HBsAg 양성 발견이 없었다. 43명의 신생아중 생후 3개월까지 추적 가능하였던 35명중 한명이, 그리고 6개월까지 추적 가능했던 32명중 한명이 HBsAg 양성 발현을 보였는데 이는 동일아(同一兒)였다. 대조군으로 본 조사에 응했던 HBsAg 음성 산모(産母)에서 태어난 신생아 20명을 3개월, 6개월 2차에 걸쳐 추적 검사한 결과 한명의 HBsAg 양성 발현을 볼 수 없어 한국을 비롯한 동남아의 B형 간염(肝炎)은 주산기(周産期) 감염이 주전파경로(主傳播經路)라는 설(說)과는 일치하지 않았다. 조산아 출산율은 HBsAg 양성 산모(産母)(27.9%)가 음성 산모(産母)(11.7%)에 비하여 현저하게 높았다(p<0.05). 저체중아 출산율은 HBsAg 양성 산모(産母)가 23.3%로 HBsAg 음성 산모(産母)의 14.1%보다 높았으나 통계적 유의 수준에는 미달하였다(p=0.16). 조기파막의 빈도는 HBsAg 양성 산모(産母)(25.5%)가 음성 산모(産母)(11.1%)에 비하여 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). HBsAg 양성. 산모(産母)와 음성 산모(産母) 사이에 사산(死産)과 선친성 기형아 출산율에는 유의한 차이를 볼 수 없었다. HBsAg 양성 산모(産母)가 음성 산모(産母)보다 높은 조기파막의 빈도와 조산아 출산율은 HBsAg 보유(保有) 그 자체에 기인하는 것인지 아니면 HBsAg 보유(保有) 산모(産母)의 낮은 생활수준에 기인한 것인지는 연구대상자 수가 적어 규명할 수 없었다.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the effects of breastfeeding education among preterm mothers. Methods: A nonequivalent control group, repeated measure, quasi-experimental study design was used. The participants comprised 46 preterm mothers recruited from the neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital who were divided into two groups: 23 in the control group and 22 in the experimental group. The breastfeeding education program intervention to promote preterm mothers' self-efficacy used was devised based on the self-efficacy theory. The intervention program consisted of individual breastfeeding education with demonstrations and discharge education, and telephone follow-up education within one week after being discharged. The participants were surveyed before and after the intervention, and four weeks after being discharged from the newborn intensive care unit. Results: The intervention group showed a significant increase in breastfeeding self-efficacy compared with the control group (F=6.92, p=.003) and showed a significant increase in their breastfeeding attitude score (F=3.49, p=.039). Four weeks after discharge, the breastmilk volume of the intervention group increased significantly (t=-2.87, p=.006), and the same group continued to breastfeed more compared with the control group (χ²=4.50, p=.049). Conclusion: This study suggests that the preterm breastfeeding program had a positive effect on breastfeeding self-efficacy, breastfeeding attitude, and extending the breastfeeding period among preterm mothers.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2015

목적 본 연구는 미숙아로 태어난 유아와 정상아로 태어난 유아의 건강 관련 삶의 질을 비교하고, 미숙아로 태어난 유아의 건강 관련 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하여, 이들의 유아기 건강 관련 삶의 질 향상에 기여하기 위하여 시도되었다. 방법 연구 방법은 자가보고식 설문지를 이용하였으며, 연구 대상자는 인터넷 카페에서 미숙아로 출생한 유아의 부모 80명과 정상아 부모 83명이었다. 연구 도구는 TNO-AZL에서 개발한 TAPQOL를 사용하였고, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 20.0을 사용하여 빈도, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, t-test, ANOVA, 다중회귀분석을 이용하였다. 결과 미숙아로 태어난 유아의 삶의 질 점수는 100점 만점에 80.6점(${\pm}9.9$)이었으며, 정상아로 태어난 유아의 삶의 질 점수는 85.0점(${\pm}8.3$)으로, 미숙아 집단이 정상아 집단에 비해 삶의 질 점수가 4.4점(${\pm}1.4$) 낮았다. 미숙아 집단이 정상아 집단에 비해 삶의 질 점수가 낮은 영역으로는 운동기능, 불안, 긍정적 기분, 활기참 및 의사소통 등이었다. 두 집단간 삶의 질 점수 차이가 가장 큰 영역은 운동기능과 의사소통이었다. 미숙아로 태어난 유아의 건강 관련 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 변수는 '신생아실 입원기간(7일 이상)'과 '출생체중(1,000 g 미만)'으로 나타났으며, 두 변수의 설명력은 17%였다. 즉, 신생아실 입원기간이 7일 미만이고, 출생 시 체중이 1,000 g 이상인 아동이 그렇지 않은 아동보다 건강 관련 삶의 질 점수가 높았다. 결론 미숙아로 태어난 아동의 건강 관련 삶의 질은 이들의 출생 시 체중 및 신생아실 입원기간 등이 영향을 미치므로 미숙아 추후 프로그램을 개발할 때 출생체중, 재태기간 및 신생아집중치료실 입원기간 등으로 고려해야 할 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effects of a direct breastfeeding program for premature infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted during August 2016 to April 2017. Sixty mothers of premature infants were assigned to the experimental (n = 31) or control groups (n = 29). The program was comprised of breastfeeding education and direct breastfeeding support. The experimental and control groups were provided with education and counseling on breastfeeding at the time of admission and discharge. In the experimental group, the mothers initiated oral feeding with direct breastfeeding and engaged in breastfeeding at least seven times during the NICU stay. The collected data were analyzed by the χ2-test and repeated measures ANOVA using an SPSS program. Results: The experimental group showed a higher direct breastfeeding practice rate (χ2 = 19.29, p < .001), breastfeeding continuation rate (χ2 = 3.76, p < .001), and self-efficacy (F = 25.37, p < .001) than the control group except for maternal attachment. Conclusion: The direct breastfeeding program in the NICU has significant effects on the practice and continuation rate of breastfeeding and breastfeeding self-efficacy. Therefore, this program can be applied in the NICU settings where direct breastfeeding is limited.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.386-397
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was performed to compare the difference of maternal attachment and the maternal role confidence between mother who feeds the child with mother's milk in sanitary pack by a nurse instead of her and mother who feeds the child with artificial milk. Methods: The subjects of this study consisted of mothers of premature baby who was in NICU and can not be fed with mother's milk directly. In the sample, 21 mothers were the breast feeding group and 20 were the bottle feeding group. Data were collected from April 3, 2004 to November 2, 2005, and were analyzed using SPSS WIN 10.0. Results: The degree of maternal attachment and maternal role confidence of the breast milk feeding group was higher than that of the bottle feeding group. In accordance with general characteristics, the difference was found in maternal attachment and maternal role confidence both breast feeding group and bottle feeding group. Conclusion: More systematic nursing mediation is required for the lactation of mother's milk in sanitary pack is planned to do positive interaction between mother and the child, which has an influence on the formation of maternal attachment and the of maternal role confidence after hospitalization.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.377-384
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examined the effects of a breastfeeding coaching program for mothers on growth and neonatal jaundice in late preterm infants (LPIs). Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study (non-randomized intervention) with a time-series design. The study was conducted among 40 LPIs who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital in Daegu, South Korea. In the order of admission, the first 21 infants were assigned to the experimental group, and 19 were assigned to the control group. The intervention program consisted of home- based and web-based practical breastfeeding support education for mothers across a total of 5 sessions. Infant growth was measured using body weight, length, and head circumference, and neonatal jaundice was assessed using transcutaneous bilirubin levels. Results: The likelihood of breastfeeding for infants in the experimental group at 4 weeks after discharge was the same as on the day of discharge, whereas it steadily decreased in the control group. There were significant differences in head circumference between the groups. However, weight, length, and transcutaneous bilirubin levels did not show a significant group-time interaction. Conclusion: A formal breastfeeding coaching program should be considered in clinical settings and at home within the first few weeks postpartum.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.215-227
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• 1994

Changes in total lipid content, total cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of preterm milk were investigated during early lactation. Milk samples were collected from Korean mothers of 16 premature(34 to 36 weeks gestation age) infants on day 2 to 5(colostrum) and at 6 weeks(mature) postpartum. We estimated the lipid nutrition of preterm milk by comparing with the lipids of term milk. The total lipid content of preterm colostrum was significantly lower than the lipid content of preterm mature milk(p<0.001). Lipid content, determined gravimetrically in colostrum and matured milk, was 1.50g/이 and 3.2g/dl, respectively. Also the total cholesterol content(mg/dl) in preterm milk tends to increase from 14.16mg/dl to 15.20mg/dl, while the total cholesterol(mg/g lipid) concentration higher significantly in colostrum(12.36mg/g) than in mature(5.73mg/g)(p<0.001). The total unsaturated fatty acid contents in preterm milk were higher in colostrum than in mature milk and the total saturated fatty acids were higher in mature milk. The average DHA contents of colostrum and matured milk was 0.64%, 0.53% and the P/M/S ratio of preterm milk were 0.63 : 1.05 : 1.00, 0.47 : 0.79 : 1.00, respectively. Also, $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio of preterm milk were 2.35 in colostrum and 5.81 in mature. Therefore, colostrum in preterm milk contained higher amounts of $\omega$3 PUFA than mature milk. The levels of total lipid in preterm milk were higher than term milk. Also, preterm milk is richer in cholesterol, and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid than term. It appears that the milk secreted by mothers who delivered prematurely differs from milk in several important respect. These components may serve as precursors for membrane, myelin development in the preterm infants. Therefore, it would be necessary to study further into the machanism of how the gestation age might affect to the lipid composition in human milk. These data may provide a basis for better construction of infant formaulas to provide more adequately for the lipid requirements of the Korean premature infant.