• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.268-278
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to set up a hypothetical model to explain causal relationships among influential variables in the mother-child relationship for Korean infants and toddlers and their mothers. The research was based on Barnard's (1978) mother-child relations model, and goodness-of-fit was examined. Methods: The participants were 207 mothers with infants or toddlers. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS programs. Results: Regarding the influence of the variables on the mother-child relationship between infants and toddlers and their mothers, social support had a 75% explanation of mother-child relationships, and attachment had a 58% explanation of social support. Attachment had both direct and indirect effects on the mother-child relationships, and social support had direct and total effects on the mother-child relationships. Among child-related variables, child temperament had a moderating effect on the mother-child relationships. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the model has utility in developing effective nursing intervention methods to boost mother-child relationships between infants and toddlers and their mothers.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.75-85
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• 2005

This study was performed to clarify which variables affected a mother‘s empathic behavior shown in a mother-child play session. Mother’s empathy was videotaped and recorded during mother-child twenty minute play sessions. The variables considered in the research were the mother‘s parenting stress, age and education level, and the child’s sex and birth order. Twenty four mothers volunteered to participate in this study. The age of their children was restricted to 5 years. The results were as follows; First, mothers were verbally more accepting to their second or third child, and allowed their second of third child to lead more than their first child. And older mothers were more likely to accept their children's lead. Seconds, the mothers' parenting stress for acceptance of their children and stress of depression were higher in college graduate mothers than high school graduate mothers. Third, the mother's empathy and level of parenting stress did not show any significant relationships.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.79-98
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• 2013

This study examined the effect of parenting knowledge and mother-caregiver relationship on maternal parenting stress. The participants in this study consisted of 297 mothers of 1~3 years old children at daycare centers in Daegu, Korea. The participants completed questionnaires on their parenting knowledge, mother-caregiver relationship, and parenting stress. The results indicated that mothers' parenting knowledge and parenting stress were not-significantly related, but mother-caregiver relationship and mothers'parenting stress were significantly related. A close look at the effect of parenting knowledge and mother-caregiver relationship on maternal parenting stress, while maternal parenting knowledge did not influenced directly parenting stress, mother-caregiver relationship was a significant variable predicting mother's parenting stress. In particular, when a mother and caregiver develop a positive relationship, maternal parenting stress was lower. These results seem to indicate that the positive relationship between mother and caregiver is very important.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.69-81
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the support consciousness of the son-in-law's towards their mother-in-laws and also to study their marital quality(marital satisfaction, spousal influence, spousal loyalty) based on the relation-satisfaction between mother-in-law and son-in-law. We selected 319 married men who had their mother-in-laws as participants of this study and their age groups ranged from the twenties to the sixties. The major findings of this study were as follows: (1) There were significant differences in marital quality and also in the son-in-law's relation-satisfaction with their mother-in-laws with respect to the two-income family, the number of children and the educational level. (2) Marital satisfaction, spousal influence and support consciousness towards mother-in-law affected positively the relation-satisfaction between the mother-in-laws and the son-in-laws.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.55-71
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• 2008

This study investigated parenting knowledge, interactions between mother and infant, and relationship between mother's parenting knowledge and mother-infant interaction by mothers' demographic variables. Subjects were 311 mothers. Instruments were the Knowledge of Child Development Inventory (Larsen & Juhasz, 1986) and the Assessment Profile for Early Childhood programs (Abbott-Shim & Sibely, 1987). Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. Results showed (1) differences about parenting knowledge by mothers' employment status, age and education level, (2) differences in mother-infant interaction by mothers' age and education level, (3) parenting knowledge about physical development correlated positively with positive interaction, linguistic modeling, and sensitive response knowledge about linguistic and cognitive development had a large effect on positive mother-infant interaction and linguistic modeling.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.67-79
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was undertaken to determine the nursing need of mother herself and her baby in puerperium period at home alone with percevied her role. It was hoped that this nursing information would help nurses plan effective for their nursing care. This study involved 100 postpartum mothers and the period for data collection was from May to July, 1982. The results of study were as follows; 1. The mother's mean age of 27.45, more than half of mother's was high school graduate, most of the mother have their religion, 78.4％ was housewives, and 21.6% have occupation, Their mean marriage period was 30.2 years, 61% was nuclear family with 4.2 family members and primipara was higher then multipara. 2. Most mothers showed that positive attitude for their delivery and perceived higher their mother's role. 3. Mother showed more nursing need about infant（for example, bathing, meaning of crying) than herself. 4. There was a positive correlation between mother's education, wether or not their occupation, marriage periode, parity and mother's role and their nursing need.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 1994

This study was to identify variables which were related with middle aged women's identification of child mother-role burden and psychological well-being and to investigate the relationships of mother-role burden and psychological well-being in mid-life. The research data were collected from 578 who were 40-59 year old women in Seoul. The major findings were as follow; (1) the level of middle age women's identification of child was very high and the level of mother-role burden was moderate. the level of psychological well-being was slightly high. (2) Mid-life women's psychological well-being was related to education level income and job. (3) Identification of child was related to educational level having job and income. And mother-role burden was influenced only by education level. (4) Middle aged women's identification of child was positively related mother-role burden. Mother-role burden was negatively related to psychological well-being in mid-life. These findings represented middle aged mother in our society had considerable burden of child but their psychological well-being was not low. Possibly it is due to the fact mothers regard their burden of child as acceptable duty.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.155-166
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to analyze a causal relationship of children's behavior problem and the related variables(socio-economic status mother's psychological problem mother's affective parenting behavior children's negative emotionality and children's self-control). The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) Socio-economic status had indirect in influence to children's behavior problem via mother's psychological problem and mother's affective parenting behavior. 2) Mother's psychological problem had direct influence and also indirect influence to hildren's behavior problem via mother's affective parenting behavior and children's negative emotionality. 3) Mother's affective parenting behavior and children's negative emotionality had a direct effect on children's behavior problem and affected indirectly via children's self-control. 4) Children's self-control had direct influence to children's behavior problem. 5) Mother's psychological problem was the most signi icant variable affecting children's behavior problem.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.823-831
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• 2002

This study is attempts to clarify the effect of infant massage for the promotion of primipara's mother-infant interaction Method: The term for collecting data for experimental group ranged from April 25, 2001 to June 5, 2001. The infants for this group were sampled among normal mother-infant from one postpartum care center located in J city. The term for collecting data for control group ranged from June 10, 2001 to August 3, 2001. The infants for this group were sampled among normal mothers infant from 1 general hospital, 1 university hospital and 1 postpartum care center located in J city. The experiment was implemented giving primipara education about massage based on protocol for infant massage provided by Johnson & Johnson Korea and they received 10 days of education, 10 minutes a day (from 10 to 11 a.m) In the post test, we videotaped both the control group and the experimental group visiting their homes 4 weeks after delivery to observe mother-infant play interaction. Data analysis was done using SAS and the homogeneity between general properties owned by both control group and experimental group and mother's perception scale for children was verified through -test. Mother-infant play interaction with both control group and experimental group was analyzed through t-test in the experiment. And analysis of mother-infant interaction points based on general properties was made using ANOVA and t-test. Result: Hypothesis that mother-infant play interaction with primipara who gave her infant a massage will be more active than that of the primipara who didn't was verified (t= -4.27, p=.0001). And the points in each item, points in each item were estimated as follows. Mother behavioral items (t=-4.96, p=.0001), infant behavioral item (t=-0.36, p=.71), mother-infant interaction reciprocity (t=-2.64, p=.01). Conclusion: An infant massage program can contribute to promoting the Mother-Infant Play Interaction positively.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.144-159
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore mother's perception and practice of Taegyo. In addition, belief factors toward Taegyo oriented Korean mother-fetus interaction are identified in order to obtain baseline data for the development of Taegyo oriented program enhancing mother-fetus interaction. Method: The sample consisted to 186 pregnant women who visited public health center or hospital for prenatal care. Self-reporting questionnaire devised by investigator was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS win program and contents analysis was used. Result: Although mothers intended to a pregnancy, many of them were perceived negatively toward pregnancy. The study revealed that most of pregnant women continued cultural practices related to Taegyo, they focused on mother-fetus interaction behavior-such as listen to the music, reading a book, talk to fetus, stroke the fetus- with being altered traditional beliefs toward Taegyo or Taemong. Most of pregnant women had Taemong and believed a it's predictive functions. Beliefs toward mother-fetus interaction were classified to 6 factors, pregnancy, Taemong. fetus, practice behavior, infant's abilities and mother-fetus interaction behavior. The scores of belief toward mother-fetus interaction and each factors of pregnancy, fetus, practice behavior, infant's ability were statistically significant different depending upon husbands education. Also pregnancy factor in belief toward mother-fetus interaction was statistically significant different depending upon the number of children, child birth, experience of abortion, premature birth. Conclusion: Developing Taegyo oriented program enhancing the mother-fetus interaction need to include the elements of being facilitated maternal identity formation and maternal confidence for the pregnant women. In addition, it should be developed the program concerning with the characteristics of the pregnant women.