• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 2006

Objectives: We wanted to determine the distribution of the clustering of the metabolic risk factors and we wanted to evaluate the related factors in young schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional study of metabolic syndrome was conducted in an elementary school in Seoul, Korea. We evaluated fasting glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, blood pressures and the body mass index, and we used parent-reported questionnaires to assess the potential risk factors in 261 children (136 boys, 125 girls). We defined the metabolic risk factors as obesity or at risk for obesity ($\geqq$ 85th percentile for age and gender), a systolic or diastolic blood pressure at $\geqq90th$ percentile for age and gender, fasting glucose at $\geqq110mg/dl$, triglyceride at $\geqq110mg/dl$ and HDL cholesterol at $\leqq40mg/dl$. Results: There were 15.7% of the subjects who showed clustering of two or more metabolic risk factors, 2.3% of the subjects who showed clustering for three or more risk factors, and 0.8% of the subjects who showed clustering for four or more risk factors. A multivariate analysis revealed that a father smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day, a mother with a body mass index of = $25kg/m^2$, and the child eating precooked or frozen food more than once per day were associated with clustering of two or more components, with the odds ratios of 3.61 (95% CI=1.24-10.48), 5.50 (95% CI=1.39-21.73) and 8.04 (95% CI=1.67-38.81), respectively. Conclusions: This study shows that clustering of the metabolic risk factors is present in young schoolchildren in Korea, with the clustering being associated with parental smoking and obesity as well as the child's eating behavior. These results suggest that evaluation of metabolic risk factors and intervention for lifestyle factors may be needed in both young Korean children and their parents.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.626-634
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• 2012

There are variations among grapevine genotypes in the levels of tolerance to cold, and cold-hardiness of grapevine has been affected by the change of short-term environment during over-wintering. In this study, the responses of vines to cold in open field and rain-shelter system were investigated to obtain useful information in increasing the tolerance to cold in grape cultivation. Total carbohydrate content of bearing mother branches was higher in the rain-shelter system than in the open field, and lower in the branches of 'Muscat Bailey A' than in 'Campbell Early' and 'Kyoho'. Bud-burst and shoot growth were better in the rain-shelter system than in open field, whereas there is no significant difference among the treatments of net beside vines. There was also low incidence of gray mold in rain shelter system. Stilbene compounds such as t-piceid, resveratrol, piceatannol, c-piceid were accumulated in the cold-treated shoot from vine cuts harvested in rain shelter system. Genes of chalcone isomerase, manganese superoxide dismutase, proline rich protein 2, and temperature induced lipocalin were highly expressed in the cold-treated shoot from vine cuts harvested in rain shelter system. While there was not change of air temperature, but high reduction of wind speed in the rain shelter system compared to open field, and increase in the reduction of wind speed by net treatment. The damage of grapevines by cold in the extreme low temperature could be reduced by keeping them in the rain shelter system with net during winter season.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.618-627
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• 2020

As the issues of activity confidency of the adolescent gaining more attention these days, the researcher intends to examine the structural relationships between the activity confidency of the adolescent, their career Decision Self-efficacy, and the parental career support. For this study, 437 high school students from high schools located in the cities of Cheonan and Sejong were interviewed using questionnaires. The data from the survey were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. The outcomes of this study were as follows; First, the activity competency of high school students had a positive impact on career support from both parents. Second, the career support from both parents turned out to have a significant effect on the career decision self-efficacy of high school students. Third, the activity confidency of high school students had a significant impact on the career decision self-efficacy of them. Fourth, it was shown that parental career support had a mediating effect on the relationship between the activity confidency of high school students and their career decision self-efficacy. This study implies that a new issue has been raised in the perspective that the activity confidency of the adolescent is related to the career decision self-efficacy, which is one of the biggest concerns of them.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.275-287
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• 1993

An ecological survey of food and nutrition was conducted in April and May, among 278 children, 6 to 12 years old, of the Youido elementary school, which offers no school lunch program, and is situated in Youido delta of Han River side of Seoul, known as the location of one of the socioeconomically high groups; Eighteen percent and 18.3% of subjects were proven to be overweight and obese, respectively. With regard to frequency of skipping breakfast, 28.4% of the subjects skipped breakfast often and 2.5% of subjects skipped breakfast every morning. Obese children showed good appetite and the time consumed for eating was shorter than those of normal or overweight children. Most serious anxiety among the mothers for those children was food habit of `eating rapidly' and `overeating'. Another striking observation was that 14.4% of the subjects ate only one side-dish with boiled rice, and such a pattern was more often found in the normal or slim group. Most of the subjects had their snacks after being back in home from school. Thirty-one percent of the children had snacks when they felt hungry, 69% had snacks for various reasons such as `habitually', `for unwinding', and `mother gives me snacks'. Thirty-eight percent of the boys and 19% of the girls had physical exercise everyday and overweight and obese children got exercise more frequently. But the time consumed for exercise was much more shorter than that of normal subjects. Most of the children liked fruits, meats, and biscuit, in contrast, lowest preferency was for vegetables, fermented fish products, and boiled rice mixed with other grains. Obese children experienced more kinds of food than normal or slim group. The study found that habits of overeating due to good appetite and eating rapidly were recognized as one of dominant reasons causing obesity among children. On the other hand, serious dietary problem of children of normal or slim group was eating less variety of food. Active nutrition education for both children and mothers will be recommended with joint participation of teachers.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.1053-1058
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• 2009

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most commonly encountered viral pathogens in newborn infants and is found in 0.3-2.4% of all live births. It has been demonstrated that 40-96% of seropositive mothers shed the virus via their breast milk. Breast milk containing CMV can cause almost one-third of CMV infections occurring in infants. A case of postnatal CMV infection in an extremely premature infant (gestational age $24^{+5}$ weeks, birth weight 750 g) transmitted via breast milk is presented. For neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) management of severe thrombocytopenia, anemia, and sepsis syndrome, the infant received repeated transfusions of platelets; intravenous (IV) immunoglobulins; and gamma- irradiated, filtrated packed red cells and was fed her mother's breast milk since the second week of life. CMV infection was diagnosed with positive CMV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and positive urine CMV culture at the second month of life. Considering the negative CMV IgM and urine CMV culture at birth, postnatally-acquired CMV infection was suspected and confirmed with completely identical nucleotide sequence alignments of the infantile blood isolate and the maternal breast milk isolate. To our knowledge, this is the first case of proven postnatal CMV infection transmitted via breast milk in an extremely premature infant in Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.672-678
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate whether milk performance is impacted by the housing of heifers from the second to the seventh day of life, the method of feeding milk from the second week of life to weaning, the sire lineage and by the season of birth and season of calving. From 32 Holstein heifer-calves, which spent their first day of life in a loose housing maternity pen with their mother, 19 heifers were randomly placed in hutches (IH), and 13 stayed in a loose housing maternity pen (MP). At the seventh day IH heifers were assigned to one of two treatments, 10 heifers were randomly taken from IH and relocated to a loose housing pen with an automatic feeding station (AD), 9 calves stayed in hutches with bucket drinking (BD). MP heifers were moved to a group pen with nursing cows (UD). All animals were weaned at the age of 8 weeks (56 days) and kept in group pens. After calving, they were in free-stall housing. Trial cows were divided according to the sire, season of birth and calving. The five-factorial ANOVA revealed that among all the factors taken into account in this study, only sire lineage and season of birth had significant effects. The production of milk, FCM and protein were higher in the MP group than in the IH group. The UD group tended to have the highest production of milk, FCM, protein, lactose, SNF and total solids (TS) and the AD group the lowest. The content of fat and TS were highest in the AD group. Effects of the sire were significant for average daily gains (ADG) from birth to weaning ($0.55{\pm}0.03kg$, p<0.05), contents of fat ($3.81{\pm}0.08%$, p<0.05), protein ($3.13{\pm}0.02%$, p<0.05), and TS ($12.67{\pm}0.12%$, p<0.05). In the season of birth evaluation, statistical difference was found only in the content of protein ($3.13{\pm}0.13%$, p<0.05). Cows born in March-May had the highest % protein and cows born in June-August the lowest ($3.21{\pm}0.04$ vs. $3.06{\pm}0.05%$). Dairy cows born and subsequently calving in December-February had the highest production of milk, protein and TS, and dairy cows born in June-August the lowest. FCM and fat yields were highest in the group born in September-November and lowest in the group born in June-August.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.416-431
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• 2016

Along with the mood of 'Beyond GDP', it is necessary to explore how these subjective concepts such as happiness and well-being are quantified to be compared among many countries. The concept of 'Work-life balance (WLB)' is likely to be located on the boundary between the subjective and objective areas. Thus, this article aims to examine the policies related to WLB and how to change or develop those policies considering the concept of WLB and the circumstantial particularity of Korea. There are several suggestions on certain developments in the existing policies interfering WLB at three levels. First the government needs to conduct campaigns to transform traditional gender roles through active advertisement. Second, the company needs to use the long-lasting 'hierarchical organisation culture' for employee's work-life balance for regulating working hours and exhausting paid holidays and maternity or paternity leave. Finally, families should understand and support their wives' current circumstances facing the struggle between a mother and economic worker.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2016

Recently, bacterial angular leaf spot disease, caused by Xanthomonas fragariae, causes severe damage in strawberry production and its' export to other countries, since the pathogen has been classified as an A2 quarantine pathogen. Typical the Angular Leaf Spot (ALS) disease represent that water-soaked angular spots symptoms, bacteria ooze exudate under relatively high humidity condition and later the spot become reddish brown on the leaf surface. The pathogen disseminated by irrigation water, infected mother plant and farmer's hand. In this study, we reported that rubbing inoculation method showed more effective in the pathogen dissemination than infiltration with needles, regardless the strawberry cultivars. Additionally, Dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) treatment in commercial strawberry fields provided reliable efficiency to reduce the bacterial angular leaf spot disease incidency and severity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.190-198
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was intended to provide baseline data to develop child health education for multicultural mothers. Participants were 30 multicultural mothers in B city multicultural family support centers and 20 persons in charge of child healthcare in B city. From Dec 2016 to Jan 2017 a self-report instrument was used to measure general characteristics, status, importance, implementation, and needs of child healthcare education. The data were analyzed through frequencies, Chi-squared test, and analysis of variance using the SPSS 20.0 program. Fifty-seven percent of transcultural mothers had not participated in child healthcare education before. There was no significant difference between importance and implementation of child healthcare education. In Borich analysis, "Safety accident prevention", "Toilet training", and "Growth and development" were in the 25th percentile. In Locus for Focus, "Safety accident prevention", "Bathing", "Baby massage", "Toilet training", and "Weaning food" were in the HH area. In comparison with importance of child healthcare education, multicultural mothers, and persons in charge of child healthcare, multicultural mothers had significantly higher scores than persons in charge of child healthcare. Therefore, in order to meet multicultural mothers' educational needs for child healthcare education, child healthcare information should be developed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 1988

The authors studied the mental health status of the 1989 freshmen of Yeungnam University using the psychotic scale of Derogatis SCL-90, Zung anxiety and depression scale and MMPI from January 1988 to February 1988. The subjects of this study were contained 3792 students(l206 female, 2586 male). 392 students(10.3%), out of all respondents were screened to fall on high score ranges. The authors performed a second test to 156(39.8% 47 female(30.1%), 109 male(69.9%)) of the high-scored in oder to clarify their mental health status and analyze various psychosocial factors; using MMPI. The MMPI results were categorized with Lachar's classification. The results were as follows. : 1. By the MMPI scores, 24 respondents(15.4%) had neurotic trends, 20(12.8%) had psychotic trends and 7(4.5%) had trends of behavior disorder. It was about 1.4% of all 3792 freshmen. 2. On the close examination of the MMPI, 8 respondents were diagnosed for affect disorder, 6 for anxiety disorder, 9 for schizophrenia and 3 for personality disorder. It was 0.7% of all freshmen. 3. On the analysis of the psychosocial factors, the schizophrenic scores were high in the case of unsatisfy infamily atmosphere, unsatisfy in marital intimacy of parents, serious in conflicts between father and I, and serious in conflicts between mother and I. 4. The hypochondriacal scores were high in the case of weak in physical condition, having hospitalization experience and physical illness.