• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.75-86
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study has a purpose to suggest research and intervention directions for health promoting behaviors (HPB) of the Korean middle-aged in the future. Methods: Forty four articles on HPB of the Korean middle-aged were reviewed and analyzed. The articles analyzed are theses written for a doctoral or master's degree and published between 1995 and 2007. Results: 1. As for the major characteristics of the subject groups, most of them were between 40 and 60 years old (61.4%), were females (79.5%), and resided in cities (84.1%). 2. The dependent variables adopted were physiological, psychological and cognitive factors (self-efficacy, knowledge of health management, etc.), HPB and factors related to Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP). 3. The average scores of HPLP were $1.57{\sim}3.08$ on a 4-point scale. The highest score was observed in self-actualization, and the lowest score in exercise. 4. Self-efficacy, perceived health status and income had significant correlations with HPB. 5. In regression analysis, self-efficacy, self-esteem and perceived health status were the most powerful predictors. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop intervention tools for more diverse HPB of the Korean middle-aged. The interventions are recommended to focus on increasing exercise and to use strategies for improving self-efficacy and self-esteem.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.17D no.2
• /
• pp.167-174
• /
• 2010

When entering the PIN(personal identification number), the greatest security threat is shoulder surfing attack. Shoulder surfing attack is watching the PIN being entered from over the shoulder to obtain the number, and it is the most common and at the same time the most powerful security threat of stealing the PIN. In this paper, a psychology based PINpad technology referred to as DAS(Dynamic Authentication System) that safeguards from shoulder surfing attack was proposed. Also, safety of the proposed DAS from shoulder surfing attack was tested and verified through intuitive viewpoint, shoulder surfing test, and theoretical analysis. Then, a PINpad with an internal DAS that was certified for its safety from shoulder surfing attack was designed and produced. Because the designed PINpad significantly decreases the chances for shoulder surfing attackers being able to steal the PIN when compared to the ordinary PINpad, it was determined to be suitable for use at ATM(automated teller machine)s operated by banks and therefore has been introduced and is being used by many financial institutions.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.362-371
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the stressors, coping styles, communication with mother, school adaptation and predictors for school adaptation. The subjects of this study consisted of 354 children. They were 6th grade of elementary school in Taegu city. The periods of study was from march 10, to march 18, 2000. Data were analyzed by SAS computer programme. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score for stressor was 39.91 in children(range 24-72). The higher stressor among three subgroups of stressor was mass media stressor. The degree of stressor revealed to be influenced significantly economic status. 2. The most frequently used coping style was problem-oriented coping style(M=18.94) in children. The degree of emotion-oriented coping style revealed to be influenced significantly family's atmosphere 3. The mean score for communication with mother was 72,44 in children(range 20- 100). The degree of communication with mother revealed to be influenced significantly sex, economic status, family' atmosphere. 4. The mean score for school adaptation was 62.48 in children(range 25-100). The higher school adaptation among five subgroup was rule dimension. The degree of school adaptation revealed to be influenced significantly sex, birth, mother's job, economic status, family's atmosphere. 5. School adaptation were positively correlated with communication with mother, problem- oriented coping style(r=0.40 p<0.001) (r=0.30 p<0.001). 6. School adaptation were negatively correlated with emotion-oriented coping style, stressor (r=-0.16 p<0.01)(r=-0.13 p<0.01). 7. Forward multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor was the variable communication with mother accounted for 15.25% in school adaptation. All variables accounted for 25.55% in school adaptation. From the above results, it can be concluded that teaching mother about importance of communication, encouraging to use problem-oriented coping style is necessary to improve school adaptation in 6th grade elementary school children

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.97-120
• /
• 1993

This study is designed to understand marital relationships of the rural couples in Korea. The primary purposes of this study are to examine the relationship between marital satisfaction and role evaluation of the spouse and to construct a path model in which shows the relationships among background variables, role evaluation of the spouse and marital satisfaction. Structured guestionnaires from 435 couples with school-age children and teenagers living in rural area are analyzed in this study. The major findings are as follows : 1. Factor analysis of the role evaluation of the spouse results I 4 factors for both husbands and wives; emotional support-sexual role child socialization-economic role, kinship role and housekeeping role. 2. The most important factor influencing the marital satisfaction is the role evaluation of the spouse o emotional support-sexual relation. While the number of children, and role evaluations of the spouse influence directly on the marital satisfaction of the wives, age, level of education, level of income and husband's occupation influence indirectly through role evaluations of the spouse on that of wives. 3. For husbands, family life cycle and their occupation influence indirectly on the marital satisfaction of the husbands and the marital satisfaction of them is also mediated by role evaluations of the wieves. Level of income of the family not only influences directly on marital satisfaction but influences on it indirectly. 4. Marital satisfaction is mediated by role evaluations of the spouse. The role evaluation of the spouse on emotional support-sexual relation has the most powerful effect on the marital satisfaction for both wives and husbands. About 60 percent of the variance in the marital satisfaction of rural couples can be explained by the role evaluation of the spouse. therefore, the result of the result of the study indicates that the role evaluation of the spouse on emotional support-sexual relation plays a significant part in determining the marital satisfaction of rural couples.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.41 no.7
• /
• pp.121-143
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to show general trends in the psychological environment of family and problem behaviors perceived by adolescents and examine possible changes in such trends in accordance with the individual variables of adolescent, and then find out the effect of these variables on adolescents' problem behavior. The subject were 1374 adolescents of middle school in Busan(male 698, female 676). The main results were as follows : (1) General trends in the degree of parental monitoring showed that girls had more high than boys, and in the degree of family discord, boys showed more high than girls. In the degree of openness of parent-adolescent communication perceived by adolescents showed that girls had more open communication with mother than boys. Such trends in problem behaviors indicated that adolescents had the attention problem most. According to gender, girls had more problems in withdrawal, somatic complain, anxiety/depression, thought problems, attention problems, destructivity/identity, internalizing problems, total behavior problems in comparison to boys. Boys did delinquent behaviors more than girls. (2) For boys, the monthly income of their family, family discord, and the mother-adolescent communication have a significant direct effect on internalizing problems, externalizing problems and total behavior problems. Besides mother's employment and the type of family have a significant indirect effect on behavior problem. For girls, mother's employment, parental monitoring, family discord, and father-adolescent communication have a significant direct effect on internalizing problems. Mother's employment, family discord, mother-adolescent communication have a significant indirect effect on externalizing problems and total behavior problems. Bisides mother's employment, grade, the type of family, dating have a significant indirect effect on behavior problem. (3) The variables to have a significant influence on the parental monitoring showed as the monthly income of their family, dating, mother's employment, the type of family, the family discord showed as mother's employment on the parent-adolescent communication showed as the type of family. (4) Family discord was the most powerful predicator of problem behaviors of middle school students.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.441-451
• /
• 2016

Deep sequencing has generated 52 contigs derived from five viruses; Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Apple green crinkle associated virus (AGCaV), and Apricot latent virus (ApLV) were identified from eight apple samples showing small leaves and/or growth retardation. Nucleotide (nt) sequence identity of the assembled contigs was from 68% to 99% compared to the reference sequences of the five respective viral genomes. Sequences of ASPV and ASGV were the most abundantly represented by the 52 contigs assembled. The presence of the five viruses in the samples was confirmed by RT-PCR using specific primers based on the sequences of each assembled contig. All five viruses were detected in three of the samples, whereas all samples had mixed infections with at least two viruses. The most frequently detected virus was ASPV, followed by ASGV, ApLV, ACLSV, and AGCaV which were withal found in mixed infections in the tested samples. AGCaV was identified in assembled contigs ID 1012480 and 93549, which showed 82% and 78% nt sequence identity with ORF1 of AGCaV isolate Aurora-1. ApLV was identified in three assembled contigs, ID 65587, 1802365, and 116777, which showed 77%, 78%, and 76% nt sequence identity respectively with ORF1 of ApLV isolate LA2. Deep sequencing assay was shown to be a valuable and powerful tool for detection and identification of known and unknown virome in infected apple trees, here identifying ApLV and AGCaV in commercial orchards in Korea for the first time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.74-81
• /
• 1995

In the proximate composition of the yams of home product, wild yam was most abundant in crude lipid and crude protein, and those content in the cultivated yams, cultivated long yam and cultivated short yam were similar. Cultivated long yam is the richest in crude ash. African yam had more crude lipid and crude protein compare to those of home product yams. Especially, the amount of crude lipid in African yam was four-fold of home product yams. In the mineral content, Ca was the richest mineral in four kinds of yam. The rest of mineral were in order of Fe, Mn and Zn. Among the home product yams, the Ca content of wild yam was higher than that of cultivated yam. The contents of Fe, Mn and Zn were also high in wild yam compared to cultivated yam. In the composition of free sugars, the sucrose content is the highest in wild yam, cultivated short yam and African yam. in order The fructose content was the most abundant in cultivated long yam and the next was sucrose. The composition of free fatty acids were in order of lactobacillic acid, palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid. Crude saponin contents of the home products were almost similar levle, but crude saponin of wild yam was more abundant than that of cultivated yam. And crude saponin of African yam was much more abundant compared that of other home product yams. there is not much difference in the kinds of saponin from the home product yams. However, the amount of each saponin from the home product yams was different. In case of African yam, 'b' saponin did not appear and 'e' saponin was higher compared with home product yams. In African yam, the bitter taste from ethyl acetate layer was the strongest, and the next was n-butanol layer. It is possible that there was a powerful UV absorption material in the bitter taste of ethyl acetate layer and also supposed that there were saponin and phenol is material.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.8_spc
• /
• pp.1284-1295
• /
• 2019

Considerable progress in reproduction of dairy goats has been made, with advances in reproductive technology accelerating dairy goat production since the 1980s. Reproduction in goats is described as seasonal. The onset and length of the breeding season is dependent on various factors such as breed, climate, physiological stage, male effect, breeding system, and photoperiod. The reproductive physiology of goats was investigated extensively, including hypothalamic and pituitary control of the ovary related to estrus behavior and cyclicity etc. Photoperiodic treatments coupled with the male effect allow hormone-free synchronization of ovulation, but the kidding rate is still less than for hormonal treatments. Different protocols have been developed to meet the needs and expectations of producers; dairy industries are subject to growing demands for year round production. Hormonal treatments for synchronization of estrus and ovulation in combination with artificial insemination (AI) or natural mating facilitate out-of-season breeding and the grouping of the kidding period. The AI with fresh or frozen semen has been increasingly adopted in the intensive production system, this is perhaps the most powerful tool that reproductive physiologists and geneticists have provided the dairy goat industry with for improving reproductive efficiency, genetic progress and genetic materials transportation. One of the most exciting developments in the reproduction of dairy animals is embryo transfer (ET), the so-called second generation reproductive biotechnology following AI. Multiple ovulation and ET (MOET) program in dairy goats combining with estrus synchronization (ES) and AI significantly increase annual genetic improvement by decreasing the generation interval. Based on the advances in reproduction technologies that have been utilized through experiments and investigation, this review will focus on the application of these technologies and how they can be used to promote the dairy goat research and industry development in the future.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2018

Purposes: The purpose of this study is to argue that the taxation system for non-for-profit medical institution in Korea should be revised and that the basic direction should be to expand tax exemption like the US. Methods: We analyzed the US context of taxation policy for non-for-profit medical institutions and compared the US and Korean situation. Findings: In the United States, for-profit or non-for-profit medical institutions eternities are the most important criteria for hospital classification. Basically, full tax-exemption has been applied for non-for-profit medical institutions. The reason why many hospitals maintain their status as non-for-profit are following. First, the American society places great importance on the social responsibility and role of non-for-profit hospitals. Second, maintaining the status of non-for profit medical institutions is financially beneficial while maintaining good social reputation. The most powerful financial incentives are tax deductions and tax deductions for donations. Practical Implications: How will the taxation system for medical institutions in Korea be reformed in the future? First, if Korean government do not allow for-profit medical institutions, Korean government should consider implementing a full tax exemption system suitable for non-profit medical institutions like the US. Second, there are many variation in taxation for non-for-profit medical institution according to their legal positions. Therefore, current taxation system should be revised. Third, the reorganization of such taxation system should be in a direction that can finally encourage community benefit activities of medical institutions of nonprofit hospitals.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
• /
• no.53
• /
• pp.9-33
• /
• 2017

The objective of this thesis is to take review historical awareness of Baek-Moonbo(白文寶, 1303~1374) who lived in late Goryeo. Baek-Moonbo became interested in Confuciaism, the influence of Gwon-bu(權溥) and Baek-ijeong(白?正), and worked hard to reform the old egime by focusing on the Confucian scriptures and trying to reform thepeople of the nation. Instead of returning to the principles of heresy, Baek-Moonbo attempted to reverse the topograpy divination theory, including the Confucian scriptures of the Buddist criptures, and attempted to eradicate the land system, including the Baebulsungyu(排佛崇儒) of the Confucian scriptures. Most important of all, the importance of social change was the significance of social change to the most efficient means of realizing the lives of the people in the society according to the social structure of the Confucian society. Actively speaking for the public in his time and having the same attitude as the Neo-Confucian scholars in the late of Goryeo, he kept criticizing the abuse of the power by powerful families who made the people fall into a state of distress and misery.