• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.81-85
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• 2010

The effects of co-doping with complex dopants of softeners, $La^{+3}$ and/or $Nb^{+5}$, and a hardener, $Fe^{+3}$, on the microstructural and piezoelectric properties of PZT ceramics with a composition of a rhombohedral-tetragonal morphotropic phase boundary, $PbZr_{0.53}Ti_{0.47}O_3$, were investigated. Unlike single-element doping, the complex doping of both the softener and hardener ions led to various compensation effects for the piezoelectric properties of the PZT ceramics. For 0.5 wt.% $La_2O_3$ softener and/or 0.5 wt.% $Nb_2O_5$ doped compositions, there were apparent hardener doping (compensation) effects for an addition of over 1.0 wt.% $Fe_2O_3$. For the $La_2O_3$ and/or $Nb_2O_5$ doped composition, the co-dopant $Fe_2O_3$ addition led to lower kp and $\varepsilon$r, and increased $Q_m$ values. The prepared PZT ceramics modified with complex soft dopants, $La^{+3}$ and $Nb^+$, as well as a hard dopant, $Fe^{+3}$, showed that the piezoelectric properties were stable with the compositional variations, which made it possible to establish piezoelectric performances with higher reliability and reproducibility. The most improved piezoelectric properties of enhanced $Q_m$ with $\varepsilon_r$ remaining higher $k_p$, were obtained in the PZT composition complexly doped with $La^{+3}$ and $Fe^{+3}$. From the results obtained in this study, the properties of compositionally modified PZT ceramics can also be tailored over a wider range by changing the dopant compositions to meet the specific requirements for underwater or other applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.7-8
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• 2011

Basically, the lattice mismatch between film and substrate can make those BiFeO3(BFO) films distorted with strain structure. BFO phase can be stabilized on LaAlO3(LAO) represents the example of a multiferroic with giant axial ratio. Its crystal structure is not strictly tetragonal, but tetragonal with a slight monoclinic distortion and related to the rotation of the oxygen octahedra. In this study, we show that phases with a tetragonal-like epitaxial BFO films can indeed be ferroelectric and also can be stabilized via epitaxial growth onto LAO. Recent reports on epitaxial BFO films show that the crystal structure changes from nearly rhombohedral ("R-like") to nearly tetragonal("T-like") at strains exceeding approximately -4.5%, with the "T-like" structure being characterized by a highly enhanced c/a ratio. While both the "R-like" and the "T-like" phases are monoclinic, our detailed x-ray diffraction results reveal asymmetry change from MA and MC type, respectively. By applying additional strain or by modifying the unit cell volume of the film by substituting Ba for Bi, the monoclinic distortion in the "T-like" MC phase is reduced, i.e. the system approaches a true tetragonal symmetry. There are two different M-H loops for $Bi_{1-x}Ba_xFeO_{3-{\delta}}$(BBFO) and BFO films on SrTiO3(STO) & LAO substrates. Along with the ferroelectric characterization, these magnetic data indicate that the BFO phase stabilized on LAO represents the first example of a multiferroic with giant axial ratio. However, there is a significant difference between this phase and other predicted ferroelectrics with a giant axial ratio: its crystal structure is not strictly tetragonal, but tetragonal with a slight monoclinic distortion. Therefore, in going from bulk to highly-strained films, a phase sequence of rhombohedral(R)-to-monoclinic ["R-like" MA-to-monoclinic, "T-like" MC-to-tetragonal (T)] is observed. This sequence is otherwise seen only near morphotropic phase boundaries in lead-based solid-solution perovskites (i.e. near a compositionally induced phase instability), where it can be controlled by electric field, temperature, or composition. Our results show that this evolution can occur in a lead-free, stoichiometric material and can be induced by stress alone. Those major results are summarized as follows ; 1) Ba-doping increases the unit cell volume, 2) BBFO on LAO can be fully strained up to x=0.08 as a strain limit (Fig. 1), 3) P(E) & M(H) properties can be tuned by the variation of composition, strain, and film thickness.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.30.1-30.1
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• 2011

Multiferroic thin films with composition $0.9BiFeO_3-0.1Ba(Cu_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3$ were epitaxially grown by pulsed laser deposition on $SrRuO_3(001)/SrTiO_3$ (000) substrate $0.9BiFeO_3-0.1Ba(Cu_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3$, which is assumed to be morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), that showed superior dielectric, ferroelectric and magnetic properties in our study on polycrystalline films. The structures of epitaxially grown films were characterized by means of XRD. From P-E measurements, samples exhibited typical ferroelectric hysteresis loops and large remnant polarization, whose value is much larger than those of pure BFO film. The enhancement of dielectric, ferroelectric, magnetic properties was attributed to the structural distortion induced by the BCN addition and the high physical stress effect.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.298-298
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• 2010

In this study, both structural, dielectric properties of the NKN-0.94BNT-0.06BT ceramics were investigated. All samples of the NKN-0.94BNT-0.06BT ceramics were fabricated by conventional mixed oxide method with Pt electrodes. We report the improved electrical properties in the perovskite structure composed of the NKN, BNT and the BT ceramics. We investigated the effects of NKN, BT on the structural and electrical properties of the NKN-0.94BNT-0.06BT ceramics. The dielectric and structural properties of the NKN-0.94BNT-0.06BT ceramics were superior to those of single composition NKN, NKN-BNT and those values for the NKN-0.94BNT-0.06BT ceramics were 1455, 0.025 and $29.04{\mu}C/cm^2$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1037-1043
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• 1994

The effects of annealing atmosphere and temperature on piezoelectricity (k33) and the mechanical strength of machined PZT was studied. Morphotropic Nb-doped PZT was sintered, machined to a rod and then annealed between 80$0^{\circ}C$ and 100$0^{\circ}C$ in air, PbZrO3, and CuO atmospheres respectively. In air or PbZrO3 atmosphere, the compressive strength of Nb-doped PZT increased by 12% with little change in k33 irrespective of annealing temperature. In CuO atmosphere, on the other hand, the compressive strength increased by 20% with little change in k33 at 80$0^{\circ}C$ but both turned to significant decrease above 90$0^{\circ}C$. The examination of the phase distribution and microstructure beneath the surface of CuO-treated PZT revealed that the changes in compressive strength and k33 are closely related to the reaction between PZT and vaporized CuO:liquid PbO precipitated in shallow surface region by the substitution of Cu to Pb sites enhances the decrease in microcracks and the surface roughness at 80$0^{\circ}C$ ; rapid evaporation of precipitated PbO expands a porous region of changed composition into the bulk above 90$0^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.330-330
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• 2008

$Fe_2O_3$ added Pb$(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3-PbTiO_3-PbZrO_3 $ (PNN-PT-PZ) ceramics were produced in order to use them as a bimoph acturator for energy harvesting. Especially, the 0.25 wt% $Fe_2O_3$ added 0.4PNN-0.357PT-0.243PZ, having the composition of morphotropic phase boundary, showed good piezoelectric properties of $d_{33}$ of 810 pC/N, $k_p$ of 77% and $Q_m$ of 55 along with a high Curie temperature of $210^{\circ}C$. A bimorph actuator, composed of the two piezoelectric layers bonded together with a phosphorous bronze layer as a central metallic electrode, was successfully fabricated. The bimorph actuator, vibrated with a 1.3 mm amplitude at 68 Hz, produced high electric power of approximately 60 mW.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.188-191
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• 2000

The properties of piezoelectric and dielectric for 0.05Pb(Mn$\_$0.4/W$\_$0.2/Nb$\_$0.4/)O$_3$ - 0.95PbZr$\_$x/Ti$\_$1-x/O$_3$ compositions have been investigated. In the composition of 0.05Pb(Mn$\_$0.4/W$\_$0.2/Nb$\_$0.4/)O$_3$ - 0.95PbZr$\_$0.51/Ti$\_$0.49/O$_3$, the values of k$\_$p/ and $\varepsilon$$\_$33/$\^$T// $\varepsilon$$\_$0/ are maximized, but Q$\_$m/ was minimized (k$\_$p/=56.5[%], Q$\_$m/=1130, d$\_$33/=258[pC/N], $\varepsilon$$\_$33/$\^$T// $\varepsilon$$\_$0/=1170). The grain size was suppressed and the uniformity of grain was improved at the 1100[˚C]. Also, we can see the dielectric constants variations between the before poling and after poling. This effect results from the effect(increase element of dielectric constants) between dipole switching and electrostriction inducing stress and dipole direction to the poling orientation(decrease element of dielectric constants). At x=0.51, we can find MPB(morphotropic phase boundary).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.149-152
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• 1997

High-power piezoelectric materials are being developed for applications such as actuators and ultrasonic motors. In this paper, ferroelectric property of iron-doped 0.57 (Sc$_{1}$2//Nb$_{1}$2/)O$_3$-0.43 PbTiO$_3$. which is the morphotropic phase boundary composition for the PSN-PT system, was investigated. The maximum dielectric constant ( $\varepsilon$$_{33}$/$\varepsilon$$_{0}$ = 2551) and the minimum dielectric loss(tan $\delta$ = 0.51 %) at room temperature were obtained at 01. wt% and 0.3 wt% of iron additions. With additions of the Fe$_2$O$_3$ the electromechanical coupling factor of radial mode k$_{p}$ and the piezoelectric coefficient d$_{33}$ were slightly decreased, on the other hand the mechanical quality factor was increased significantly. The highest mechanical quality factor (Qm= 297) was obtained at 0.3 wt% Fe$_2$O$_3$, which is 4.4 times larger than that of pure 0.57 PSN-0.43PT ceramics. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant and dielectic loss was observed between 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 35$0^{\circ}C$ .X> .X> .

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.390-395
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• 2011

In order to develope piezoelectric transformer for the ballast of fluorescent lamp, the composition of piezoelectric ceramics was 0.95Pb($Zr_xTi_{1-x}$)O3+yPb($Mn_{1/3}Nb_{2/3}$)$O_3$+(0.05-y)Pb($Sb_{1/2}Nb_{1/2}$)$O_3$. PMN compound was selected to improve mechanical quality factor and PSN to prevent the decrease of dielectric constant and electromechanical coupling coefficient. Dielectric and piezoelectric characteristics in the region of MPB of 0.95Pb($Zr_xTi_{1-x}$)$O_3$+yPb($Mn_{1/3}Nb_{2/3}$)$O_3$+(0.05-y)Pb($Sb_{1/2}Nb_{1/2}$)$O_3$ ceramics was discussed both quantatively and qualitatively.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 1999

In the $(Pb_{1-x}M_x)[(Mn_{1/3}Sb_{2/3})_{0.05}Zr_yTi_{0.95-y}]O_3$ system, where M=Ca and Sr, the piezoelectric properties were evaluated to examine the possibility of application to piezoelectric transformer. A Rosen-type piezoelectric transformer was formed, then the electrical properties of voltage step-up ratio, frequency characteristics etc. were analysed. The morphotropic phase boundary was determined to be y=0.475 in $Pb[(Mn_{1/3}Sb_{2/3})_{0.05}Zr_yTi_{0.95-y}]O_3$ system and the piezoelectric properties of this composition was kp=0.59, Qm=1600 and $\varepsilon_r$=1150. Moreover, when 1-2 mol% of Sr are substituted, enhanced piezoelectric properties of kp=0.61, Qm=1600 and $\varepsilon_r$=1400 were shown. The temperature rising (ΔT) of a piezoelectric transformer with $Pb[Mn_{1/3}Sb_{2/3})_{0.05}Zr_{0.475}Ti_{0.475})]O_3 $ composition was $10^{\circ}C$, and the voltage step-up ratio was 500 when the output voltage was 4000V, whereas the ΔT was below $3^{\circ}C$ and the resonant frequency variation ($\Delta f_r$) as a function of load resistance was below 5% when the output voltage was 2000 V. These characteristics are superior to the properties of materials, which were substituted by Ca or without substitution.