• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.53-71
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• 1997

Across sectional study was performed to evaluate the chronic effects on central nerve system(CNS) of cumulative exposure of complex organic solvents, using neurobehavioral test. Subjects were 66 (male) dock yard painters of some large ship industry which is located in Ulsan. The neurobehavioral test battery used in this study was NCTB (Neurabehavioral Core Test Battery recommended by WHO(World Health Organization), which consisted of 7 items-Profile of mood states (POMS), Simple reaction time, Santa Ana dexterity test. Digit span, Digit symbol, Benton visual retention test and Pursuit aiming. The subjects were classified by 3 groups according to duration of employment(group 1 ; less than 9 years, group 2 ; 10-14 years, group 3 ; more than 15 years). The results of performance were analyzed considering of work duration, age, educational level, alcohol drinking, smoking and testing time as confounding factors. Benton visual retention test, pursuit aiming correct dot and sum of dot showed significant differences among the groups, and decreased with increasing work duration. It indicated that the mean scores of performance ability were lowering according to work duration. Besides, the tests that didn't show statistical significances but showed linear trends were depression-dejection, vigor, fatigue of POMS, slowest time of simple reaction time and digit span forward. Most of the neurobehavioral test items were correlated with age and educational level. After controlling of confounding factors-age and educational level, the results followed ; digit span backward was different significantly. Tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility of POMS, SD and slowest time of simple reaction time, Santa Ana dexterity test non-preferred hand, digit span forward, Benton visual retention test and pursuit aiming correct dot decreased with increasing of work duration. The correlation analysis was done in order to find out the relationship between subjective symptom and the scores of neurobehavioral core test battery. According to the results of analysis there were no items that had statistical significant relationship(p<0.05).

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2023

Objective : The 18-item Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) is widely employed to assess symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, this instrument's factor structure does not align with contemporary dimensional models of OCD. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine psychometric properties of the 12-item Korean OCI (OCI-12) on four obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions, in patients with OCD. Methods : A total of 157 patients with OCD and 51 healthy controls completed psychological measures, including the OCI-R, Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS), and scales evaluating anxiety and depressive symptoms. Pychometric characteristics of the OCI-12 with three neutralizing and three hoarding items eliminated from the OCI-R, were analyzed. Results : All OCI-12 items registered excellent internal consistency at 0.83. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed strong association between individual items and their proposed latent factors (i.e., subscales). Convergent validity was appropriate. A high correlation was particularly observed for the DOCS score (r=0.71, p<0 .001). Moreover, the OCI-12 was as sensitive as the OCI-R for determining effects of empirically supported treatment for OCD. Conclusion : The OCI-12 is a 12-item measure that adheres to the prevailing 4-factor model of OCD dimensions. Like OCI-R, it possesses good to excellent psychometric properties, including reliability, validity, and sensitivity to treatment.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2022

This study aimed to examine the influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on areas of Korean medical students' lives, assess concerns, and investigate the strategies they used to cope with stress due to the pandemic. An online survey with a total of 53 items on the impact of COVID-19, concerns, and coping strategies was sent to medical students, and responses were collected from April 27, 2021 to May 30, 2021. In total, 1,329 students were included in the study. Analysis was performed using the chi-square test, independent-sample t-test, and one-way analysis of variance, and the post-hoc Scheffé test or Games-Howell test was performed for multiple comparisons. The main negative impacts of the pandemic were on hobbies/leisure activities and mental health, and medical students expressed the highest levels of concern regarding restriction of movement, returning to everyday life, and risk of infection for family and friends. Female students more strongly agreed that COVID-19 had increased their depressed mood and anxiety (p<0.001 and p=0.003, respectively). Furthermore, the negative impacts of the pandemic on different areas of life significantly affected current levels of depressed mood and anxiety. To cope with pandemic-related stress, students used several strategies such as talking with family or friends (91.5%), sleeping (83.1%), exercising (72.8%), using social networking services (60.8%), drinking alcohol (37.8%), and practicing meditation/mindfulness (24.4%); the effectiveness of these strategies ranged from 3.45 to 4.19 on a 5-point Likert-type scale (1-5). The study findings suggest that COVID-19 has influenced the mental health of medical students and raised concerns in many areas of their lives. Students used various strategies to cope with the pandemic-related stress; since the effectiveness of frequently used approaches varied, it is essential to guide medical students to develop effective coping strategies.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.103-115
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• 1999

연구목적 : 월경전기증후군에서 나타나는 증상 양상, 가족력, 높은 정서장애의 유병율은 이 질환의 정서장애와의 관련성을 시사해 주며 한편, 월경주기에 따른 정서장애 임상경과의 변화도 제시되고 있다. 본 연구는 정신과 외래 통원 치료를 받고 있는 정서장애 환자군과 대조군을 대상으로 하여 월경전기변화의 양상과 정도를 비교하고 일상 및 직업 생활에의 영향 및 환자군에서의 월경전기변화에 대한 가능성 있는 위험 요인들을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 본 연구는 정신과 외래 통원 치료를 받고 있는 여성 정서장애 환자 80명과 정상 대조군 80명을 대상으로 하였다. 월경전기변화는 DSM-IV 월경전기불쾌기분장애의 진단기준 A를 세분화한 4점 척도의 16항목으로 구성된 자기 평가 형식의 설문지를 통해 후향적인 방법으로 평가되었다. 결과 : 1) 월경전기변화의 항목 중 한가지 이상에서 중등도 이상의 변화를 경험하는 월경전기변화군이 정서 장애 환자군은 32.6%. 대조군은 50%로 환자군에서 대상이 적었다. 2) 월경전기변화군에서 대조군은 기분 또는 행동 변화와 신체적인 변화를 호소하는 경우가 비슷한 분포로 나타났으나, 환자군은 기분 또는 행동 변화만을 호소하는 경우가 유의하게 많았다. 월경전기변화군에서 대조군은 신체적인 변화인 유방 통증의 빈도가 가장 높았던 반면 환자군에서는 기분이나 행동 변화인 피로감과 무기력의 빈도가 가장 높았다. 3) 대조군은 기분이나 행동 변화와 신체적인 변화가 많을수록 일상이나 사회 생활에 심한 장애를 경험하는 반면 환자군에서는 기분 또는 행동 변화만이 빈도가 높을수록 심한 일상이나 사회 생활의 장애를 경험하였다. 4) 환자군에서 월경전기변화군은 월경전기변화가 없는 군에 비해 월경통을 보고하는 경우가 유의하게 많았으며, 그 심각도는 월경전기변화의 빈도와 상관 관계를 나타내었다. 결론 : 정서 장애 환자군의 월경전기변화는 신체적 변화보다 기분 행동 변화가 두드러지는 특성을 보였다. 이들 환자군의 월경전기변화는 기존 질환의 월경전기악화 또는 기존 질환과 동반되는 월경전기증후군의 가능성을 제시해 준다. 또한, 환자군에서는 월경전기변화 특히 기분 또는 행동 변화의 빈도가 높을수록 심한 일상 생활의 장애를 경험하였다. 따라서, 정서장애 환자에서의 월경전기변화에 대한 정확한 평가와 이에 대한 적절한 치료 전략의 수립이 필요하리라 본다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2014

연구목적 본 연구의 목적은 조현병 외래 환자를 대상으로 야간식이증후군(night eating syndrome : NES)의 유병률과 이와 관련된 임상적 요인들에 대해 살펴보는 것이다. 방 법 정신건강의학과 외래를 방문한 201명의 조현병 환자들을 14 문항의 자기보고 형식인 야간식이증후군 설문지(Night Eating Questionnaire : NEQ)로 평가하였다. 인구학적, 임상적 특징과 체 질량 지수(BMI)을 조사하였고, 주관적인 기분과 수면, 폭식과 체중 관련 삶의 질에 대해서는 각각 Beck's Depression Inventory(BDI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), Binge Eating Scale(BES)와 Korean version of Obesity-Related Quality of Life Scale(KOQoL)를 이용하여 평가하였다. 결 과 조현병 외래 환자에서 야간 식이 증후군의 유병률은 10.4%(201명 중 21명)이었다. NES 군과 non-NES 군간에 나이를 제외하면 인구사회학적 및 임상적 특성, BMI에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. NES 군이 Non-NES 군에 비해 보다 우울했고, 수면과 폭식 양상, 체중 관련 삶의 질에 있어서 의미 있는 장애를 나타냈다. '아침 식욕부진'과 '지연된 아침식사'(NEQ에서 NES 핵심 항목 5개 중 2개)는 두 군간에 차이가 없었으나, '야간 섭식', '야간 식욕항진' 그리고 '기분/수면'은 NES 군에서 더 손상되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 본 연구는 조현병 외래 환자를 대상으로 NES의 유병률과 관련 요인에 대해 기술한 최초의시도이다. 비록 NES와 비만과의 연관성은 밝히지 못했지만, 본 연구의 결과는 NES가 정신 건강에 부정적 영향을 준다는 사실을 보여주었다. 향후 이러한 결과를 뒷받침할 수 있는 추가 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 복식
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.105-124
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• 2015

This research was started to study how the design identity of an overseas fashion house was formed, changed and connected. For the purpose of the study, Saint Laurent House was selected as the subject of the study, because it began as a couture house and launched the $pr\hat{e}t-\grave{a}-porter$ for the first time among the designer brands, and also contributed to the development of modern women's fashion. Literature survey on related books and papers was performed to study the Saint Laurent House. Then, fashion collection photos of the house from 1962 SS to 2014 SS were collected to analyze and compare the features of the designs. The photos were collected from related books, fashion magazines and internet sites. The results are as follows: The features of Yves Saint Laurent's early designs were contemporarily sensational with their couture tradition. His representative designs including Le Smoking, Pea Coat, Loose Fit Blouse, Safari Look, Jumpsuit, Ethnic Look and Art Look became the signature looks of the Saint Laurent House. His designs expressed the liberation of sex, multi-cultural sensitivity and the fusion of art and fashion. His successor, chief designer Tom Ford designed with strong sensitivity of his own. He dealt with Yves Saint Laurent's design themes and signature looks in sensual as well as trendy and sophisticated way. Stefano Pilati showed the Parisienne chic and elegance. He re-made the legacies of Yves Saint Laurent with his own design style using new materials or cutting technique. Hedi Slimane reinterpreted the signature looks of the house with his rock' n roll mood for young, modern women while reflecting the spirit of Yves Saint Laurent's early stage. In conclusion, the design identity of Saint Laurent House is not just a fixed one. By the subsequent chief designers, the signature items and design spirit of Yves Saint Laurent have been succeeded, reintroduced or changed to be trendy and to reflect the designers' design sensitivity. All of these make and maintain the design identity of the fashion house.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2021

Objectives : This study aimed to compare the characteristics of suicide attempts among Korean patients with mixed and non-mixed depression. Methods : Patients who visited the emergency room due to a suicide attempt and participated in the Korean Cohort for the Model Predicting a Suicide and Suicide-related Behavior study were included. Using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), 111 patients were classified into the mixed depression (n=46) and non-mixed depression groups (n=65). The Koukopoulos Mixed Depression Rating Scale (KMDRS) score was calculated using the MADRS and YMRS scores. Suicide attempt characteristics were evaluated using the Columbia Suicidal Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) and Suicide Intent Scale (SIS). Results : In the mixed depression group, the reason item among the ideation intensity score of the C-SSRS was higher, and the deterrent item score was lower. Scores on the timing and suicide note items of the SIS were higher, and scores for overt communication items were lower in the mixed depression group. The KMDRS score was positively correlated with the C-SSRS ideation intensity and total SIS score. After adjusting for additional variables, the KMDRS scores had a significant effect on the C-SSRS ideation intensity and total SIS scores. Conclusions : The mixed depression group showed a difference in the intensity of suicidal ideation and suicidal intention compared to those in the non-mixed depression group. The overall suicidal ideation intensity and suicidal intention increased according to the degree of mixed depression.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.212-225
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• 2021

With the recognition of YouTube as an information search tool, YouTube creators have subsequently become sources of information to consumers. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the consumers' response of famous fashion YouTubers in Korea, and to identify differences in consumer response based on the gender and generation of YouTubers. During the period from the opening of fashion creators' YouTube channels, we collected postings on blogs and Internet cafes using textom. As a result of preliminary investigation, six fashion YouTubers were selected. First, all the selected fashion YouTubers were well recognized by consumers as fashion informants. However, Milanonna has been shown to act as a life advisor and as an informant for luxury brands at the same time. Second, female fashion YouTubers were perceived with themes related to daily life, beauty, emotions, and mood rather than fashion itself; whereas, male fashion YouTubers appeared to be more interested in fashion accessories, especially with respect to the basic style. Third, Generation Z fashion YouTubers used the most non-fashion keywords, and their Millennial counterparts used keywords related to fashion items and product purchase properties. However, consumer response to OPAL fashion YouTubers have emerged with items such as life experiences, wisdom, and advice. Moreover, OPAL fashion YouTubers showed a variety of consumer assessments and the YouTuber's personal background. This study's analysis of the differences in the consumer response to fashion YouTubers based on gender and age enables the establishment of an appropriate strategy to attract target consumers and identify their appeal points.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 ICT활용 교육에 적합한 문제 중심 학습을 위한 교육용 컨텐츠 모델을 설계하였다. 모델 설계를 위해 먼저, ICT를 활용한 문제 중심 학습의 교수학습 과정안을 작성하였다. 그리고 문제 중심 학습에서 ICT를 활용해 학생들에게 제공하기 적절한 교육용 컨텐츠의 요건을 파악하고 그 요건에 적절한 모델을 설계하였다. 또한, 설계한 모델을 운영하기에 적절한 시스템의 모델도 설계하여 본 논문에서 작성한 교수학습 과정안의 현장 적용을 보다 쉽게 할 수 있도록 하였다. 문제 중심 학습은 실세계를 반영한 비구조화된 문제를 다루고 학습자 참여 비율이 높아 ICT를 활용할 경우 교수 학습에 효과가 클 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2010

Research on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has advanced substantially since the DSM-IV was published in 1994. It is time to reexamine the nosology of this disorder, reviewing conflicting views regarding the classification as well as subtypes and specifiers of OCD. Although there is ongoing debate, OCD experts have suggested that OCD be retained in the section related to anxiety disorders and also that along with OCD, this section include obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSD), a group of disorders closely related to OCD. A combined 'anxiety and obsessive-compulsive spectrum chapter' has also been proposed to include OCSDs. A growing body of scientific data has provided empirical support for the inclusion of a 'tic-related' subtype of OCD in the DSM-V. However, it remains controversial as to whether to introduce OCD symptom dimensions as specifiers as well as items in the diagnostic criteria. With regard to compulsive hoarding, there has been sufficient evidence to recommend that it be classified in the DSM-V as a separate disorder. Much work remains in order to ensure that the DSM-V is as evidence based as possible. It is necessary to strive toward integrating the biological and psychological data related to OCD and OCSD based on their endophenotypic features.