• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.369-374
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• 2010

Purpose: Most of the patients who underwent surgery feels variable kinds of fear or anxiety; an uncomfortable mood state that happens without specific object affects patient's satisfaction before and after the surgery. As music therapy is rather noninvasive method generally used in reducing patient's anxiety, the authors researched about the extent of anxiety with the change of vital sign before the operation while comparing with the cases of patients who took the music therapy at closed reduction under general anesthesia. Method: We divided the patients in 4 groups; A with the premedication (Midazolam, Dormicum$^{(R)}$) before the operation, B with the premedication and music therapy, C with only music therapy, D with no premedication or therapy. And we measured the vital signs after the arrival at the operation room, after induction and 20 minutes after the operation. Also we observed the changes of anxiety index with the STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory)-K (Korea)YZ 1 hour before and 8 hours after the surgery. Result: The group B showed the least changes in blood pressure as the group D showed the highest change. Both group C and A showed increase in blood pressure but the upswing in group A was lower than group C. At the change of pulse rate group B showed the lowest upswing also group D showing the highest. Group B showed quite a few upswing but lower than group D, but, at the same time, group A showed lower upswing when comparing two cases. After analysis of STAI-KYZ score, the anxiety relatively decreased in group B and C in comparison with group D. And the index of anxiety state of group A showed just as much to group D. Conclusion: The music therapy is better healthcare method compared to other therapies in reducing anxiety also with satisfying effect who underwent operation. The authors recommend music therapy assisted with use of premedication for better relief of anxiety.

• 재활복지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.113-130
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• 2016

본 연구는 입원 중인 정신질환자를 대상으로 음악을 사용한 지시적 심상이 기분상태와 생리적 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 시행되었다. 실험 기간은 2015년 7월 8일부터 17일까지이고 장소는 서울시 소재의 일 정신과 병원 폐쇄병동에서 시행되었다. 총 54명의 대상자 중 실험집단 27명은 음악을 사용한 지시적 심상 음원을 11분간 감상하였고, 대조집단 27명에게는 11분간 책을 제공하고 보통의 상태로 지내게 하였다. 음악을 사용한 지시적 심상이 변화시키는 심리적 영향과 생리적 영향을 알아보기 위해 실험의 사전 사후에 기분상태척도(K-POMS-B) 및 수축기 이완기 혈압, 맥박 수, 말초 피부온도를 측정하였다. 수집된 자료를 SPSS 23.0의 독립 t검증과 대응 t검증으로 분석한 결과, 실험집단의 기분상태의 사전-사후 총점과 하위 6개 유형 중 '긴장, 불안, 우울, 분노, 활력, 피로'의 5개 영역에서 유의한 결과를 보였다. 또한, 실험집단과 대조집단 간의 변화를 분석한 결과, 기분상태 총점과 하위 6개 영역 가운데 '긴장, 우울, 활기, 피로'의 4개 영역에서 유의한 결과가 나타났다. 한편, 생리적 반응에서는 실험집단의 사전과 사후 총점에서 말초 피부온도에서 유의하게 상승된 결과를 보였으며, 실험집단과 대조집단 간의 변화에서도 말초 피부온도에서 유의한 결과가 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과를 통해 음악을 사용한 지시적 심상이 단회기로 시행되었을 때 입원 정신질환자의 기분상태를 긍정적으로 변화시키고, 생리적으로는 긴장이완의 효과가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2000

The purposes of this thesis lies in the study of marketable design through understanding of skiwear design and its market. This was done through the analysis of the present state of, and the growth of its market, modern fashion industry and the consumer, through skiwear related periodicals. I undertook the task of understanding current design trends through a study of catalogs by well-known ski wear brands, firsthand observation and photographing at ski resorts. The characteristics of present fashion industry lie in the realization of global merchandising, expansion of discount stores and tele-sales, demands for susceptible store interiors and change in consumer behavior. The market created outside of mainstream skiwear, focuses on the growth of the sportive mood over all areas of fashion, and among these developments. Skiwear trends begin to show tendencies to subdivide. Skiwear design can be divided into groups of functional sportswear for professionals, practical, snowboard-wear that combines as street-wear and finally elegant, feminine style.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-26
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• 1982

The main purpose of this study was to test the effect of the structured information on the sleep amount of the patients undergoing open heart surgery. This study has specifically addressed to the Following two basic research questions: (1) Would the structed in formation influence in the reduction of sleep disturbance related to anxiety and Physical stress before and after the operation? and (2) that would be the effects of the structured information on the level of preoperative state anxiety, the hormonal change, and the degree of behavioral change in the patients undergoing an open heart surgery? A Quasi-experimental research was designed to answer these questions with one experimental group and one control group. Subjects in both groups were matched as closely as possible to avoid the effect of the differences inherent to the group characteristics, Baseline data were also. collected on both groups for 7 days prior to the experiment and found that subjects in both groups had comparable sleep patterns, trait anxiety, hormonal levels and behavioral level. A structured information as an experimental input was given to the subjects in the experimental group only. Data were collected and compared between the experimental group and the control group on the sleep amount of the consecutive pre and post operative days, on preoperative state anxiety level, and on hormonal and behavioral changes. To test the effectiveness of the structured information, two main hypotheses and three sub-hypotheses were formulated as follows; Main hypothesis 1: Experimental group which received structured information will have more sleep amount than control group without structured information in the night before the open heart surgery. Main hypothesis 2: Experimental group with structured information will have more sleep, amount than control group without structured information during the week following the open heart surgery Sub-hypothesis 1: Experimental group with structured information will be lower in the level of State anxiety than control group without structured information in the night before the open heart surgery. Sub-hypothesis 2 : Experimental group with structured information will have lower hormonal level than control group without stuctured information on the 5th day after the open heart surgery Sub-hypothesis 3: Experimental group with structured information will be lower in the behavioral change level than control group without structured information during the week after the open heart surgery. The research was conducted in a national university hospital in Seoul, Korea. The 53 Subjects who participated in the study were systematically divided into experimental group and control group which was decided by random sampling method. Among 53 subjects, 26 were placed in the experimental group and 27 in the control group. Instruments; (1) Structed information: Structured information as an independent variable was constructed by the researcher on the basis of Roy's adaptation model consisting of physiologic needs, self-concept, role function and interdependence needs as related to the sleep and of operational procedures. (2) Sleep amount measure: Sleep amount as main dependent variable was measured by trained nurses through observation on the basis of the established criteria, such as closed or open eyes, regular or irregular respiration, body movement, posture, responses to the light and question, facial expressions and self report after sleep. (3) State anxiety measure: State Anxiety as a sub-dependent variable was measured by Spi-elberger's STAI Anxiety scale, (4) Hormornal change measure: Hormone as a sub-dependent variable was measured by the cortisol level in plasma. (5) Behavior change measure: Behavior as a sub-dependent variable was measured by the Behavior and Mood Rating Scale by Wyatt. The data were collected over a period of four months, from June to October 1981, after the pretest period of two months. For the analysis of the data and test for the hypotheses, the t-test with mean differences and analysis of covariance was used. The result of the test for instruments show as follows: (1) STAI measurement for trait and state anxiety as analyzed by Cronbachs alpha coefficient analysis for item analysis and reliability showed the reliability level at r= .90 r= .91 respectively. (2) Behavior and Mood Rating Scale measurement was analyzed by means of Principal Component Analysis technique. Seven factors retained were anger, anxiety, hyperactivity, depression, bizarre behavior, suspicious behavior and emotional withdrawal. Cumulative percentage of each factor was 71.3%. The result of the test for hypotheses show as follows; (1) Main hypothesis, was not supported. The experimental group has 282 minutes of sleep as compared to the 255 minutes of sleep by the control group. Thus the sleep amount was higher in experimental group than in control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. (2) Main hypothesis 2 was not supported. The mean sleep amount of the experimental group and control group were 297 minutes and 278 minutes respectively Therefore, the experimental group had more sleep amount as compared to the control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. Thus, the main hypothesis 2 was not supported. (3) Sub-hypothesis 1 was not supported. The mean state anxiety of the experimental group and control group were 42.3, 43.9 in scores. Thus, the experimental group had slightly lower state anxiety level than control group, howe-ver, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. (4) Sub-hypothesis 2 was not supported. . The mean hormonal level of the experimental group and control group were 338 ㎍ and 440 ㎍ respectively. Thus, the experimental group showed decreased hormonal level than the control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. (5) Sub-hypothesis 3 was supported. The mean behavioral level of the experimental group and control group were 29.60 and 32.00 respectively in score. Thus, the experimental group showed lower behavioral change level than the control group. The difference was statistically significant at .05 level. In summary, the structured information did not influence the sleep amount, state anxiety or hormonal level of the subjects undergoing an open heart surgery at a statistically significant level, however, it showed a definite trends in their relationships, not least to mention its significant effect shown on behavioral change level. It can further be speculated that a great degree of individual differences in the variables such as sleep amount, state anxiety and fluctuation in hormonal level may partly be responsible for the statistical insensitivity to the experimentation.

• 한국자연치유학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2021

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 새로 개발한 '전인 치유 프로그램'을 행복힐링모임을 통해 수행한 대상자 62명의 스트레스 변화'에 대한 연구를 하는 것이었다. 방법: 전인치유 프로그램을 행복힐링모임에 주당 1회(90분)씩 6회기를 수행하였고, 회기 및단 계별내용을 기록하였다. 결과: 일반인에게 적용할 수 있도록 개발한 전인치유프로그램은 회기별로 '도입-전개-마무리'의 세부적 3단계로 구성되었다. 전인치유요법으로 행복힐링모임 수행 후에 스트레스에 미치는 요인은 사전 평균치에 비해 사후의 평균치는 26.371점으로 유의성이 있게 감소하였다(p < .000). 사회심리적 스트레스의 변화는 사전에서는 34.306점, 사후에는 9.096점으로유의하게감소하였다. 스트레스 대처방식의 변화는 사전에 비해서사후에는 201.661점으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 기분 상태 변화는 사전에는 69.451점이었고사후에는 123.983점으로 높게 증가하여 유의한 차이를 보이었다(p < .000). 결론: 전인치유 프로그램을 행복힐링모임에 적용한 대상자에게서는 일반 또는 사회적심리적 스트레스에는 유의하게 감소하였고, 스트레스 대처방식과 기분상태의 변화는 높게 증가하는 경향을 보이었다. 이 결과로 평가할 때에 새 전인 치유요법이 행복힐링모임에 매우 유용한 자연치유적 요법 중의 하나라고 판단되었다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2007

Object : This study was designed to assess the change of heart rate variability (HRV) during stimulation test among the patients with major depressive disorder. Methods : 15 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 15 normal controls were enrolled in this study. We sequentially measured HRV at baseline, during cognitive stimuli and emotional stimuli. Results : There are significant differences between the two groups in HRV index, TINN on baseline state and under cognitive stimulus. Conclusion : Stimulation protocol using HRV can be useful in estimating autonomic nervous function.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.411-427
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• 2018

This study is to understand the inner psychological state of consumers who pursue a retail therapy effect through fashion product shopping. Qualitative research on the whole process from the point of time of occurrence of shopping motivation to the end of shopping motivation was performed. The researcher became a virtual shopping partner during shopping and conducted a natural conversation interview using a mobile instant messenger program (Kakao Talk). After shopping, participants were asked to write a diary on that day. Collected data were analyzed by applying the grounded theory approach suggested by Strauss and Corbin (1998). Casual Condition, represented everyday stress and Contextual Condition indicated the self-healing consumption trend. Main Phenomena showed a mood change during the fashion shopping process. The sense of emancipation from the place, the satisfaction from the maintenance of social relations, and the sense of accomplishment through purchases were revealed. Intervening Condition showed the consideration in the process of shopping for fashion products, such as providing a try-on experience, price promotion, and involvement of a companion. Action Interaction Strategy was the shopping behavior for the positive emotion increase and negative emotion decrease. Consequence represented a retail therapy in shopping for fashion products.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2001

배 경 : 주간기분변동은 주요 우울장애, 멜랑콜리아 형의 세부진단으로 포함되어 있다. 그러나 현재까지의 연구를 종합해 보면 주간기분변동은 우울증의 고유한 증상인지 수면 양상의 변화와 관련된 현상인지, 혹은 별개의 다른 기전을 갖는 현상인지에 대해서 서로 모순되는 주장들이 혼재되어 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 우울증의 세부 진단에 따른 주간 기분변동의 유무를 조사하고, 주간기분변동의 유무에 따른 수면 양상의 차이를 비교함으로써 주간기분변동과 수면 양상 사이의 관계를 찾아 보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 입원 혹은 의뢰된 우울장애 환자 62명을 대상으로 하여 주간기분변동은 Visual Analogue Mood Scale로, 수면 양상은 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 우울증의 심각도는 Hamilton Depression Rating Scale을 이용하여 측정하였다. 주간기분변동이 있는 군과 없는 군으로 나누고 HDRS 총점과 소항목, 그리고 PSQI 총점과 소항목을 변수로 하여 통계적 분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 주간기분변동의 빈도는 각각의 진단별로 차이가 없었으며, 주간기분변동이 있는 군과 없는 군으로 나누었을 때 중기 불면증과 수면 시간에 있어서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 또한 멜랑콜리아 형만을 대상으로 주간기분변동이 있는 군과 없는 군을 비교하였을 때 중기 불면증, 수면 시간뿐만 아니라 PSQI 총점, 수면 잠복기, 수면 장애, 주간의 기능 면에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 결 론 : 주간기분변동은 멜랑콜리아 형의 우울장애 뿐만 아니라, 다른 우울장애에서도 존재하기 때문에 주간기분변동이 멜랑콜리아 형 우울장애의 특유한 증상으로 보기는 어려웠다. 주간기분변동이 있는 군에서 수면의 질이 더 좋은 것으로 나타났는데 이는 수면과 관련될 가능성이 높으며 향후 심도있는 연구가 필요할 것이다. 주간 기분변동은 외부 환경의 영향을 받기 쉬움으로 신뢰성을 높이기 위해서는 측정 기간과 횟수 등의 방법론적 연구도 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.115-125
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• 1995

Reports about the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms state that occurs in 20 to 100% of most reproductive-age women. There is a close association between premenstrual syndrome and affective disorders as well as same some other psychiatric disorders. Late luteal phase dysphoric disorder (LLPDD) is a premenstrual condition defined in DSM-III-R by severe mood changes and other symptoms that repeatedly occur only in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. However, DSM-III-R does not specify how to compute the change from the follicular to the luteal phase or how to determine when the amount of change is great enough to warrant the diagnosis nor how to determine occupational or social functional impairment. This study was conducted to evaluate the nature, severity and magnitude of premenstrual syndrome in women with current psychiatric disorders by using prospective Daily Rating Form(DRF), and to measure symptom changes according to three scoring methods for diagnosing LLPDD. Our study obtains the data about premenstrual changes estimated by DRF from 22 women with psychiatric disorders who had met criteria for major depressive syndrome on the Premenstrual Assessment Form (PAF). The data was scored by each three methods and was determined to meet criteria A for LLPDD. The results are as follows: 1) the subjects, when scored according to the percent change method, effect size method and absolute severity method, met the DSM-III-R criteria A for LLPDD in 36.4% (8 subjects), 14% (3 subjects) and 4.5% (1 subject) of the cases respectively. 2) The items of irritability, anger and impatience were occurred most frequently on the DRF, when it was scored according to the three scoring methods. And the item of breast pain was next frequent according to the effect size method and the percent change method but according to the absolute severity method. 3) The PAF item of impaired social functioning was reported by 16 (73%) of the subjects. 4) 4 (18%) of the subjects met criteria A for LLPDD and reported impaired social functioning. The prevalency of LLPDD according to each method varied. The percent change method yielded the greatest (36.4%), and the absolute seventy method yielded the laest (4.5%), The effect size method yielded an intermediate frequency (14%). Therefore, for maximizing the diagnostic accuracy of LLPDD, a diagnostic procedure including a measure of change (e.q., effect size method, percent change method) as well as confirmed diagnosis by DRF, will be needed. Also, an accurate tool to evaluate impaired social functioning will be required.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.448-460
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate risk factors for senile dementia as well as care givers' stresses and thier needs for nursing care. It was done using a retrospective survey. A convenience sample or In senile dementia patients and l20 nor-mal elders in a rural area was used. The tools used in the study were the MMSE-K(Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea) for dementia screening test and a questionaire developed by the research team. Data were collected through home visits by Com-munity Health Practitioners. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-test, and Chi-square test. The findings are as follows : 1. There were significant differences in age, marital status, and religions between the two groups. 2. There was a significant difference in smoling behavior between the two groups. 3. There was a significant difference in past his-tory of cancer between groups. 4. There was a significant difference in past and present elderftmily relationship between the two groups. 5. There were significant differences in intellectual activities, assuming major role in family and seeking other's help in daily life troubles between the two groups. 6. There were significant differences in stress factors such as child problem, family conflict, health problem and illegal behavior between the two groups. 7. The major problems out by families in caring for dementia patient were catastrophic reactions, dirtiness, mood change, devouring and tremor. The most serious problems faced by families was dirtiness. with catastrophic reactions, sleep distrubance, changeableness, and a suspcio-usness following. The care givers expressed chronic fatigue, anxiety, tension, depression, disorder in daily life, shamefulness, blame from neighbours and guiltiness. 8. There is need for geriatric hospitals, nursing homes, burden sharing, and counselling or education for family care givers. A replicate study in the urban area is recommended to validate the findings of this study. To explore the impact of stress in life and ‘han’ on senile dementia, a qualitative study is recommended.