• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.641-651
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• 2021

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most important plant viruses belonging to the genus Begomovirus of the family Geminiviridae. To identify natural weed hosts that could act as reservoirs of TYLCV, 100 samples were collected at a TYLCV-affected tomato farm in Iksan from 2013 to 2014. The sample weeds were identified as belonging to 40 species from 18 families. TYLCV was detected in 57 samples belonging to 28 species through polymerase chain reaction using root samples including five species (Eleusine indica, Digitaria ciliaris, Echinochloa crus-galli, Panicum dichotomiflorum, and Setaria faberi) from the family Poaceae. Whitefly Bemisia tabaci-mediated TYLCV transmission from TYLCV-infected E. indica plants to healthy tomatoes was confirmed, and inoculated tomatoes showed typical symptoms, such as leaf curling and yellowing. In addition, TYLCV was detected in leaf and root samples of E. indica plants inoculated by both whitefly-mediated transmission using TYLCV-viruliferous whitefly and agro-inoculation using a TYLCV infectious clone. The majority of mastreviruses infect monocotyledonous plants, but there have also been reports of mastreviruses that can infect dicotyledonous plants, such as the chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus. No exception was reported among begomoviruses known as infecting dicots only. This is the first report of TYLCV as a member of the genus Begomovirus infecting monocotyledonous plants.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.401-410
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• 2006

The plastid transformation approach offers a number of unique advantages, including high-level transgene expression, multi-gene engineering, transgene containment, and a lack of gene silencing and position effects. The extension of plastid transformation technology to monocotyledonous cereal crops, including rice, bears great promise for the improvement of agronomic traits, and the efficient production of pharmaceutical or nutritional enhancement. Here, we report a promising step towards stable plastid transformation in rice. We produced fertile transplastomic rice plants and demonstrated transmission of the plastidexpressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) and aminoglycoside 3′-adenylyltransferase genes to the progeny of these plants. Transgenic chloroplasts were determined to have stably expressed the GFP, which was confirmed by both confocal microscopy and Western blot analyses. Although the produced rice plastid transformants were found to be heteroplastomic, and the transformation efficiency requires further improvement, this study has established a variety of parameters for the use of plastid transformation technology in cereal crops.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.85-101
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• 2013

본 연구는 논, 밭, 과수원, 도로변에 생육하고 있는 식물상을 조사하여 $C_4$식물의 분포특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 현장조사는 2002년부터 2006년까지 5년간 수행되었다. 그 결과, 총 74과 231속 352종이 확인되었으며, 쌍자엽식물 255종, 단자엽식물 89종, 양치식물 8종으로 분류되었다. 농경지유형별로는 논에서 55과 203종, 밭에서 49과 218종, 과수원에서 44과 115종, 도로변에서 48과 202종이 출현하였다. 본 조사를 통하여 논은 쑥과 고마리, 밭과 도로변은 쑥과 개망초, 과수원은 닭의장풀과 바랭이로 대표되며 농업생태계에서 출현율이 가장 높은 식물은 쑥으로 확인되었다. 또한, 출현식물 중 $C_4$식물은 8과 25속 38종으로 확인되었으며, 논, 과수원, 도로변에서는 $C_4$ 단자엽식물의 출현율이 높았으며 밭에서는 다른 농경지유형에 비해 쌍자엽식물의 출현빈도가 높았다. 이러한 $C_4$식물의 출현율 차이는 고온 건조한 우리나라 밭 주변 식물서식환경을 반영하고 있으며, 논과 과수원은 상대적으로 습윤한 미기후조건에서 건조조건이 아니라 온도조건에 의해 $C_4$ 단자엽식물이 분포하는 것으로 생각되었다. 또한 농업생태계를 대표하는 $C_4$식물 중 단자엽식물은 바랭이와 닭의장풀이며 쌍자엽식물은 개비름과 명아주로 확인되었다. 본 조사에서 총 47종의 귀화식물이 확인되었으며 토양의 수분환경조건이 상대적으로 건조한 밭과 도로변에서 많은 귀화식물이 출현하였다. 귀화식물 가운데 $C_4$ 식물은 비름속의 개비름과 털비름 2종으로 나타났으며, 단자엽식물은 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 농경지유형에 따른 대표적인 $C_4$식물의 분포특성이 확인되었으며 지구온난화로 인한 기온의 상승으로 고온에 적응성이 높은 $C_4$식물의 새로운 유입과 이미 유입된 종 가운데 농업생태계에 나쁜 영향을 미칠 수 있는 외래식물의 확산에 대한 장기적인 모니터링의 필요성을 제안하였다.

• ALGAE
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.183-185
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• 2010

Costularia Ju. Petrov et I. Gussarova, published in 1970, is a preoccupied name by Clarke, 1898 for a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Cyperaceae (Magnoliophyta) and thus illegitimate. Costulariella nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement. The distribution and morphology of this little-known species are discussed.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2017

Recent herbarium reexamination and field studies yielded two monocotyledonous plant taxa of the family Poaceae that could be documented in the national inventory list of species of Korea. These species, collected from Jeollabuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do, were introduced and naturalized in Korea. Two species were identified as Holcus mollis L. and Aira elegantissima Schur. We provided the descriptions and descriptive photos of these species. Keys to the newly recorded species and related taxa were also provided.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2016

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential plant steroid hormones required for cell elongation, plant growth, development and abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. BRs are recognized by BRI1 receptor kinase that is localized in the plasma membrane, and the BRI1 protein will eventually autophosphorylate in the intracellular domain and transphosphorylate BAK1, which is a co-receptor in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, little is known of the role OsBRI1 receptor kinase plays in Oryza sativa, monocotyledonous plants, compared to that in Arabidopsis thaliana, dicotyledonous plants. As such, we have studied OsBRI1 receptor kinase in vitro and in vivo with recombinant protein and transgenic plants, whose phenotypes were also investigated. A OsBRI1 cytoplasmic domain (CD) recombinant protein was induced in BL21 (DE3) E.coli cells with IPTG, and purified to obtain OsBRI1 recombinant protein. Based on Western blot analysis with phospho-specific pTyr and pThr antibodies, OsBRI1 recombinant protein and OsBRI1-Flag protein were phosphorylated on Threonine residue(s), however, not on Tyrosine residue(s), both in vitro and in vivo. This is particularly intriguing as AtBRI1 protein was phosphorylated on both Ser/Thr and Tyr residues. Also, the OsBRI1 full-length gene was expressed in, and rescued, bri1-5 mutants, such as is seen in normal wild-type plants where AtBRI1-Flag rescues bri1-5 mutant plants. Root growth in seedlings decreased in Ws2, AtBRI1, and 3 independent OsBRI1 transgenic seedlings and had an almost complete lack of response to brassinolide in the bri1-5 mutant. In conclusion, OsBRI1, an orthologous gene of AtBRI1, can mediate normal BR signaling for plant growth and development in Arabidopsis thaliana.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.488-493
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• 2008

Phosphate, a favorable phosphorous form for plant, is one of major nutrient elements for growth and development in plants. Plants exhibit various physiological and biochemical responses in reaction to phosphate starvation in order to maintain phosphate homeostasis. Of them, expression of high affinity phosphate transporter gene family and efficient uptake of phosphate via them is a major physiological process for adaption to phosphate deficient environment. Although the various genetic resources of high affinity phosphate transporter are identified recently, little is known about their functions in plant that is prerequisite information before applying to crop plants to generate valuable transgenic plants. We demonstrated that Arabidopsis transgenic plants over-expressing two different high affinity phosphate transporter gens, OsPT1 and OsPT7, derived from rice, exhibit better growth responses compared with wild-type under phosphate starvation condition. Specially, OsPT7 gene has proven to be more effective to generate Arabidopsis transgenic plant tolerant to phosphate deficiency than OsPT1. Furthermore, the expression level of AtPT1 gene that is one of reporter genes specifically induced by phosphate starvation was significantly low compared with wild-type during phosphate starvation. Taken together, these results collectively suggest that over expression of OsPTl and OsPT7 genes derived from monocotyledonous plant function efficiently in the dicotyledonous plant, relieving stress response caused by phosphate starvation and leading to better growth rate.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2014

To investigate the solute pattern of salt marsh plants in Suncheon Bay in Korea, plants and soil samples were collected at three sites from July to September 2011. The soil pH around the investigated species was weakly alkaline, 6.9-8.1. The total ion and Cl- content of site 1 gradually increased, while those of site 2 and site 3 were lowest in August and highest in September. The exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $K^+$ in the soil were relatively constant during the study period, but the soil exchangeable $Na^+$ content was variable. Carex scabrifolia and Phragmites communis had constant leaf water content and very high concentrations of soluble carbohydrates during the study period. However, Suaeda malacosperma and S. japonica had high leaf water content and constant very low soluble carbohydrate concentrations. Carex scabrifolia accumulated similar amounts of $Na^+$ and $K^+$ ions in its leaves. Phragmites communis contained a high concentration of $K^+$ ions. Suada japonica and S. malacosperma had more $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ ions than $K^+$ ions in their leaves. Suaeda japonica had higher levels of glycine betaine in its leaves under saline conditions than C. scabrifolia and P. communis. Consequently, the physiological characteristics of salt marsh chenopodiaceous plants (S. japonica and S. malacosperma) were the high storage capacity for inorganic ions (especially alkali cations and chloride) and accumulation of glycine betaine, but monocotyledonous plant species (C. scabrifolia and P. communis) showed high $K^+$concentrations, efficient regulation of ionic uptake, and accumulation of soluble carbohydrates. These characteristics might enable salt marsh plants to grow in saline habitats.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.35-58
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 경기도 파주시에 위치한 박달산(363m), 명봉산(245.3m) 지역을 중심으로 식물상 조사를 실시하였다. 2개 산지 식물상 조사 결과, 87과 261속 363종 8아종 32변종 2품종으로 총 405분류군의 관속식물이 조사되었다. 분류군별로는 양치식물이 6과 12분류군, 나자식물이 2과 6분류군, 쌍자엽식물이 70과 290분류군, 단자엽식물이 9과 97분류군으로 확인되었다. 주요 식물은 특산식물 은사시나무, 키버들, 외대으아리, 서울제비꽃, 개나리, 오동나무, 병꽃나무, 백운산원추리 8분류군, 산림청 지정 희귀식물은 3분류군으로 취약종(VU) 왜박주가리, 약관심종(LC) 태백제비꽃, 이팝나무가 확인되었다. 침입외래식물은 소리쟁이, 미국자리공, 유럽점나도나물, 흰명아주, 좀명아주, 콩다닥냉이, 족제비싸리, 아까시나무, 토끼풀 등 총 35분류군으로 조사되어, 조사식물 405분류군의 8.5%를 차지하였다. 따라서 DMZ 서부 미조사 지역의 연구를 통하여 식물들을 규명하고, 희귀식물, 특산식물의 자생지 확인 및 생태계 교란 식물에 대한 관리방안에 기초적인 자료로 활용하고자 한다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.30-55
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 경기도 파주시에 위치한 삼봉산 (282m), 자웅산 (263m) 지역을 중심으로 관속식물상 조사를 실시하였다. 2개 산지 식물상 조사결과, 94과 271속 383종 11아종 34변종 6품종으로 총 434분류군의 관속식물이 조사되었다. 분류군별로는 양치식물이 10과 24분류군, 나자식물이 2과 8분류군, 쌍자엽식물이 73과 322분류군, 단자엽식물이 9과 80분류군으로 확인되었다. 주요 식물은 특산식물 키버들, 세잎승마, 개나리, 오동나무, 백운산원추리 5분류군, 산림청 지정 희귀식물은 8분류군이 확인되었다. 취약종(VU)은 세잎승마, 왜박주가리, 금붓꽃이 확인되었고, 약관심종(LC)은 쥐방울덩굴, 금강제비꽃, 두루미천남성, 지치, 말나리가 확인되었다. 침입외래식물은 소리쟁이, 미국자리공, 유럽점나도나물, 끈끈이대나물, 흰명아주, 좀명아주, 일본목련, 개소시랑개비, 족제비싸리, 자주개자리, 아까시나무, 토끼풀, 애기땅빈대, 수박풀, 달맞이꽃 등 총 40분류군으로 조사되어, 조사식물 434분류군의 9.2%를 차지하였다. 이 지역은 취락시설과 가까운 산지들로서 특기할만한 식물들의 생태적인 보전·방안 및 대책수립이 진행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.