• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.164-171
• /
• 2019

An assay for detecting Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) was developed based on nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) in combination with realtime detection during the amplification process using molecular beacon. The ASSVd specific primers for amplification of the viroid RNA and molecular beacon for detecting the viroid were designed based on highly conserved regions of several ASSVd sequences including Korean isolate. The assay had a detection range of $1{\times}10^4$ to $1{\times}10^{12}$ ASSVd RNA $copies/{\mu}l$ with reproducibility and precision. Following the construction of standard curves based on time to positive (TTP) value for the serial dilutions ranging from $1{\times}10^7$ to $1{\times}10^{12}$ copies of the recombinant plasmid, a standard regression line was constructed by plotting the TTP values versus the logarithm of the starting ASSVd RNA copy number of 10-fold dilutions each. Compared to the established RT-PCR methods, our method was more sensitive for detecting ASSVd. The real-time quantitative NASBA method will be fast, sensitive, and reliable for routine diagnosis and selection of viroid-free stock materials. Furthermore, real-time quantitative NASBA may be especially useful for detecting low levels in apple trees with early viroid-infection stage and for monitoring the influence on tree growth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.85-98
• /
• 2021

In this study, the characteristics of tree growth and soil environment were analyzed at 5 sites that had been planted on the back slope of dam for more than 15 years in Korea. First, as a result of investigating the growth of 15 trees planted on the back slope of the dam, the average height was 10.6m, diameter at roots was 27.3cm, and DBH was 22.9cm, showing good growth status of most of the trees. In particular, the growth levels of pine, hackberry, and oak were similar or better than those of general forests and artificial ground. As a result of excavating and investigating the roots of trees, horizontal roots grew well in the left and right directions of the back slope of the dam, and the growth of vertical roots was insufficient. Currently, the roots of trees do not directly affect dam safety, but they may continue to grow in the long term and interfere with dam management. Second, the physicochemical characteristics of the soil on the back slope of dam were generally above the intermediate level in terms of landscape design standards, and were similar to those of the domestic forest soil. Therefore, although it was judged to be suitable for plant growth, isolation of the site, soil acidification, and nutrient imbalance may affect tree growth and forest health in the long term. Through this study, it was possible to confirm the potential and applicability of planting area on the back slope of dam as an ecological base. Continuous monitoring is required for safety management and ecological value of dams in the future, and through this, it will be possible to secure the feasibility of planting trees on the slopes of new or existing dams and improving management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.117-129
• /
• 2017

This research was conducted to construct a tree belt around Saemangeum reclaimed land using various planting methods and to analyze initial growth amount, to provide practical data to construct tree belt of various purposes. Tree species used in tree belt construction were Pinus thunbergii and Quercus serrata, and the main planting treatment methods used were categorized by existence of windy fence, mixed planting, and un-mixed planting. Growth amount analysis was conducted using ANOVA to compare growth amounts in different experimental groups and Duncan's multiple range test. Growth amount analysis results of tree belt by planting method showed that it is most statistically plausible to install 50% porous windy fence from the direction of wind and frost, followed by planting P. thunbergii and Q. serrata in areas that require mixed tree species tree belt around Saemangeum reclaimed land. In areas where un-mixed planting tree belt is required, it was appropriate to use P. thunbergii alone without a windy fence. Lastly, if the purpose of the tree belt is limited to rapid growth, it was most ideal to plant P. thunbergii alone (without windy fence) or install 50% porous windy fence from the direction of wind and frost, followed by planting P. thunbergii and Q. serrata. This research is based on initial growth amount of tree belt and there is a need for a long-term monitoring of tree belt growth to increase tree-planting success rate in establishing tree belt according to Saemangeum internal development.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.283-289
• /
• 2009

Isolation frequency of resistant isolates of Phytophthora capsici to metalaxyl was reported to be 38.9% through the resistance monitoring for metalaxyl in P. capsici causing pepper Phytophthora blight. Metalaxyl was very effective to mycelium growth, while not to zoosporangium germination and zoospore release. $EC_{50}$ values of metalaxyl in the inhibition of mycelium growth were 0.204, 0.151, 0.379, and $0.215\;{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ against each isolate sensitive to the fungicide as P. capsici 06-119, 06-143, P08-7, and P08-31, respectively, whilst those were 5.242, 5.724, 6.621, and $5.377\;{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ in P. capsici 06-125, 06-155, P08-50, and P08-60. For the field fitness, several factors, which were mycelium growth, zoosporangium germination, zoospore release, virulence to pepper plants, and the zoosporangium and the oospore production, were investigated with 4 sensitive isolates and 4 resistant isolates. Between 2 groups differentiated by the sensitivity of metalaxyl, there was no significance in mycelium growth, zoosporangium germination, zoospore release, and virulence to pepper plants. However, the zoosporangium and the oospore production in each resistant isolate, which were related to survival of P. capsici in fields, were superior to those of sensitive isolates. Based on results of this study, it was suggested that the increase of the percentage of resistant isolates to metalaxyl resulted from the high capacities of the zoosporangium and the oospore production.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.324-329
• /
• 2011

Eight endophytic fungal strains were isolated from the roots of Calystegia soldanella from the western coast of South Korea. The culture filtrate of the eight endophytic fungi were applied to waito-c rice seedlings in order to verify potential plant growth promotion activities. The results of bioassay indicated that the Cs-9-7 fungal strain possessed the highest plant growth promotion activity. Fungal culture filtrates were analyzed to verify secondary metabolites using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy with selected ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM). The culture filtrate of the Cs-9-7 fungal strain was confirmed to contain gibberellins GA3 (1.229 ng/mL), GA4 (3.535 ng/mL), GA7 (1.408 ng/mL) and GA12 (0.378 ng/mL). Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were performed so as to determine the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions for the identification of isolated strains with universal primers ITS-1 and ITS-4. The Cs-9-7 fungal strain, isolated from the root of C. soldanella, has been named Aspergillus tubingensis Cs-9-7.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.362-364
• /
• 2011

To build ubiquitous agriculture environment successfully, development of core technology for agriculture, such as sensor node H/W, sensor node middleware platform, routing protocol and agricultural environment application service is essential. With the application of u-IT technologies to traditional agriculture area, fusion complex technologies become a source to raise value-added agriculture product and its productivity. However, it is imperative to expand horticulture industry area and improve infrastructure for utility-based horticulture. This paper proposes an agriculture product growth environment management system that utilizes environmental factor monitoring sensors and biological information sensors in greenhouse to specifically manage botany growth environment management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.15-36
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the establishment of the management plan of Seoullo 7017 after analyzing the characteristics of immigration plants in addition to those introduced plants. The taxa number of plants appeared as 276 taxa including 82 families, 161 genera, 246 species, 1 subspecies, 22 varieties and 7 forms. Among them, immigration plants appeared 79 classification groups, including 32 families, 65 genera, 77 species and 2 varieties. Invasive alien plants appeared as 22 classification groups in 79 classification groups of immigration plants. The ratio of America origin plants, second period(1932~1960) in introduction time and the wide diffusion species is high. In June, the growth and occurrence time of the immigration plants was the highest by monthly the characteristics of the growth of the immigration plants, the immigration plants appeared mostly. In case of dormancy form among life-form, the therophytes(th), in the propagation form-radicoid form, the R₅(monophyte), in the propagation form-disseminule form, the gravity D₄(having no special modification for dissemination), and in the growth form, the erect form(e) was high. The various immigration plants appeared in green areas covered by Zoysia japonica and low Hedera helix densities. This study is the first flora study since Seoullo 7017 was opened in 2017. And so continuous flora monitoring is required for Seoullo 7017.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.105-121
• /
• 2022

Modern seaweed farming relies heavily on seedlings from natural beds or vegetative cuttings from previous harvests. However, this farming method has some disadvantages, such as physiological variation in the seed stock and decreased genetic variability, which reduces the growth rate, carrageenan yield, and gel strength of the seaweeds. A new method of seedling production that is sustainable, scalable, and produces a large number of high-quality plantlets is needed to support the seaweed farming industry. Recent use of tissue culture and micropropagation techniques in eucheumatoid seaweed production has yielded promising results in increasing seed supply and growing uniform seedlings in large numbers in a shorter time. Several seaweed species have been successfully cultured and regenerated into new plantlets in laboratories using direct regeneration, callus culture, and protoplast culture. The use of biostimulants and plant growth regulators in culture media increases the seedling quality even further. Seedlings produced by micropropagation grew faster and had better biochemical properties than conventionally cultivated seedlings. Before being transferred to a land-based grow-out system or ocean nets for farming, tissue-cultured seedlings were recommended to undergo an acclimatization process to increase their survival rate. Regular monitoring is needed to prevent disease and pest infestations and grazing by herbivorous fish and turtles during the farming process. The current review discusses recent techniques for producing eucheumatoid and other valuable seaweed farming materials, emphasizing the efficiency of micropropagation and the transition from laboratory culture to cultivation in land-based or open-sea grow-out systems to elucidate optimal conditions for sustainable seaweed production.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.39 no.6_1
• /
• pp.1225-1234
• /
• 2023

The intensity of crop water stress caused by moisture deficit is affected by growth and heat conditions. For more accurate detection of crop water stress state using remote sensing techniques, it is necessary to select vegetation indices sensitive to crop response and to understand their changes considering not only soil moisture deficit but also heat conditions. In this study, we measured the MERIS terrestrial chlorophyll index (MTCI) and chlorophyll/carotenoid index (CCI) under drought and heat wave conditions. The MTCI, sensitive to chlorophyll concentration, sensitively decreased on non-irrigation conditions and the degree was larger with heat waves. On the other hand, the CCI, correlated with photosynthesis efficiency, showed less sensitivity to water deficit but had decreased significantly with heat waves. After re-irrigation, the MTCI was increased than before damage and CCI became more sensitive to heat stress. These results are expected to contribute to evaluating the intensity of crop water stress through remote sensing techniques.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2023

This study aimed to identify the characteristics of the plant growth forms within the Amsa-dong Ecological and Landscape Conservation Area, a floodplain along the Han River, based on 20 years of flora monitoring data. The analysis revealed that there were 106 taxa identified in 2003, 158 taxa in 2006, 107 taxa in 2013, and 202 taxa in 2020. Compared to 2003 and 2013, the number of taxa increased significantly by approximately 50 taxa in 2006 and around 100 taxa in 2020. It is presumed that this is due to the influx of seeds caused by the flooding of the Han River due to record-breaking heavy rains during the rainy seasons of 2006 and 2020, leading to a rapid increase in the number of taxa. This was also confirmed in aquatic plants(HH) as a result of comparison of life style analysis by year. The analysis revealed that there were 19 aquatic plant(HH) in 2003, 32 aquatic plant(HH) in 2006, 9 aquatic plant(HH) in 2013, and 30 aquatic plant(HH) in 2020. The number of aquatic plants(HH) increased slightly in 2006 and 2020 compared to 2003 and 2013, and the influx of rare aquatic plants in urban rivers was confirmed. Consistent with the results of the vascular flora analysis above, these plants are believed to have been introduced from the upper reaches of the Han River when the Han River flooded due to heavy rains during the record-breaking rainy season in 2006 and 2020.