• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1272-1272
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• 2001

Eutrophication processes of aquatic environment are strictly correlated with the concentration levels of nitrogen, phosphorous, organic matter and biological parameters such as phytoplankton and chlorophylla (Tremel, 1996; Burns et al., 1997; Young et al. 1999; Wei et al.,2000). Accordingly, the monitoring and evaluation of these factors will provide useful information about the health of aquatic ecosystem. However, the traditional types of auqatic chemistry analysis and ecological monitoring of phytoplankton are time-consuming, costly, and further resulting in secondary pollution due to the use of reagents. NIR (near-infrared) spectroscopy, as a rapid, non-destructive, little sample preparation and reagents-free technology (Hildrum et al., 1992), has been extensively applied to the characterization of food (Osborne and Fearn, 1988), pharmaceutical (Morisseau and Rhodes, 1995) and textile materials (Clove et al.,2000). Currently, NIR technology has been used indirectly in inferring lake water chemistry by two approaches, suspended (Malley et al., 1996) or seston (Dabakk et al., 1999), and sediments (Korsman et al., 1992; Malley et al., 1999). In addition, the evaluation of trophic state and the identification of the key factors contributed to the trophication are the key step to restore the damaged aquatic environment. Moreover, an understanding of the factors, which regulate the algal proliferation, is crucial to the successful management of aquatic ecosystem. In the paper, NIR technology will be used to study the environmental factors affecting the algal proliferation in combination with the trophic state index and diversity index. This novel developed system can be applied in monitoring and evaluating allopathic water environment and provide real time information services for the aquatic environment management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1999.12a
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• pp.256-261
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• 1999

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 2011

Protected vegetable production area is greater than 26% of the total vegetable production area in Korea, and portion of protected production area is increasing for flowers and fruits. To secure stable productivity and profitability, continuous and intensive monitoring and control of protected crop production environment is critical, which is labor- and time-consuming. Failure to maintain proper environmental conditions (e.g., light, temperature, humidity) leads to significant damage to crop growth and quality, therefore farmers should visit or be present close to the production area. To overcome these problems, application of remote monitoring and control of crop production environment has been increasing. Wireless monitoring and control systems have used CDMA, internet, and smart phone communications. Levels of technology adoption are different for farmers' needs for their cropping systems. In this paper, potential of wireless remote monitoring of protected agricultural environment using CDMA SMS text messages was reported. Monitoring variables were outside weather (precipitation, wind direction and velocity, temperature, and humidity), inside ambient condition (temperature, humidity, $CO_2$ level, and light intensity), irrigation status (irrigation flow rate and pressure), and soil condition (volumetric water content and matric potential). Scenarios and data formats for environment monitoring were devised, tested, and compared. Results of this study would provide useful information for adoption of wireless remote monitoring techniques by farmers.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2013

Purpose: The objective of this study is to develop a data middleware for u-IT convergence in agricultural environment monitoring, which can support non-standard data interfaces and solve the compatibility problems of heterogenous sensor networks. Methods: Six factors with three different interfaces were chosen as target data among the environmental monitoring factors for crop cultivation. PostgresSQL and PostGIS were used for database and the data middleware was implemented by Python programming language. Based on hierarchical model design and key-value type table design, the data middleware was developed. For evaluation, 2,000 records of each data access interface were prepared. Results: Their execution times of File I/O interface, SQL interface and HTTP interface were 0.00951 s/record, 0.01967 s/record and 0.0401 s/record respectively. And there was no data loss. Conclusions: The data middleware integrated three heterogenous sensor networks with different data access interfaces.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.22-29
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a integrated real-time monitoring system for recycling agriculture resourcing based on USN. We design and implement the monitoring system so that we can integrate the quality control of farmyard and liquid manures, barn environment monitoring, and positioning information control into a total management system performing recycling of excrement and manure. Selection of sensors and sensor-node construction and requirements, structure of wire/wireless communication networks, and design of monitoring program are also presented. As a result of operating our system, we can get over various drawbacks of conventional separated system and promote the proper circulation of excrement up to the farmyard. We confirm that these advanced effects arise from the effective management of the total system integrating quality control of farmyard/liquid manure, barn/farmhouse information, and vehicle moving monitoring information etc. Moreover, this monitoring system is able to exchange real-time information throughout communication networks so that we can construct a convenient information environment for agricultural community by converging IT technology with farm and stockbreeding industries. Finally we present some results of processing using our monitoring system. Sensing data and their graphs are processed in real-time, positioning information on the v-world map offers various moving paths of vehicles, and statistical analysis shows all the procedure from excrement occurrence to recycling and resourcing.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.94-102
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• 2003

A hydrologic and water quality monitoring network were established in the Balkan-reservoir watershed, which has 29.79 $km^2$ in size, to analyze the characteristics of pollutant loading from an agricultural small watershed. Soil type, land use, hydrologic soil group, population and livestock were also surveyed to make clear the pollutant sources and to calculate the pollutant loadings by the unit loading factor method which was proposed by the Ministry of Environment. From the 5-year hydrologic monitoring results, sub-watersheds located in the upstream of the reservoirs showed higher average runoff ratio. The calculated daily pollutant loadings by the unit loading factor method from HP#2 sub-watershed in the downstream of Balkan reservoir, were much greater than observed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.269-276
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• 2015

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has several advantages over conventional remote sensing techniques. They can acquire high-resolution images quickly and repeatedly. And with a comparatively lower flight altitude, they can obtain good quality images even in cloudy weather. In this paper, we discussed the state-of-the-art of the domestic and international use of UAV in agricultural sector as well as assessed its utilization and applicability for agricultural environment in Korea. Association of robotic, computer vision and geomatic technologies have established a new paradigm of low-altitude aerial remote sensing that has now been receiving attention from researchers all over the world. In a field study, it has been found that use of UAV imagery in an agricultural subsidy program can reduce the farmers' complain and provide objective evidence. UAV high resolution photography can also be helpful in monitoring the disposal zone for animal carcasses. Due to its expeditiousness and accuracy, UAV imagery can be a very useful tool to evaluate the damage in case of an agricultural disaster for both parties insurance companies and the farmers. Also high spatial and temporal resolution in UAV system can increase the prediction accuracy which in turn help to maintain the agricultural supply and demand chain.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.684-695
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• 2010

Geographic information system (GIS) is being increasingly used for decision making, planning and agricultural environment management because of its analytical capacity. GIS and remote sensing have been combined with environmental models for many agricultural applications on monitoring of soils, agricultural water quality, microbial activity, vegetation and aquatic insect distribution. This paper introduce principles, vegetation indices, spatial data structure, spatial analysis of GIS and remote sensing in agricultural applications including terrain analysis, soil erosion, and runoff potential. National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA) has a spatial database of agricultural soils, surface and underground water, weeds, aquatic insect, and climate data, and established a web-GIS system providing spatial and temporal variability of agricultural environment information since 2007. GIS-based interactive mapping system would encourage researchers and students to widely utilize spatial information on their studies with regard to agricultural and environmental problem solving combined with other national GIS database. GIS and remote sensing will play an important role to support and make decisions from a national level of conservation and protection to a farm level of management practice in the near future.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.127-132
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• 2019

In this paper, we design and build an information system for the growth management of agricultural products and aquatic products by ubiquitous computing. So that, we installed various sensor systems and developed IP Cam to establish monitoring. It was possible to construct an environmental management system based on IT technology by a database that directly controls and manages the growth conditions of agricultural products and aquatic products by monitoring. We have installed various sensors that can acquire data in real time and IP Cam is designed and manufactured in three parts. It was applied to agricultural and marine products and monitored soil moisture, temperature, and environmental information to establish conditions for growth environment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.55-70
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• 2021

In this study, in the field of remote sensing, where the scope of application is rapidly expanding to fields such as land monitoring, disaster prediction, facility safety inspection, and maintenance of cultural properties, monitoring of rural space and surrounding environment using UAV is utilized. It was carried out to verify the possibility, and the following main results were derived. First, the aerial image taken with an unmanned aerial vehicle had a much higher image size and spatial resolution than the aerial image provided by the National Geographic Information Service. It was suitable for analysis due to its high accuracy. Second, the more the number of photographed photos and the more complex the terrain features, the more the point cloud included in the aerial image taken with the UAV was extracted. As the amount of point cloud increases, accurate 3D mapping is possible, For accurate 3D mapping, it is judged that a point cloud acquisition method for difficult-to-photograph parts in the air is required. Third, 3D mapping technology using point cloud is effective for monitoring rural space and rural resources because it enables observation and comparison of parts that cannot be read from general aerial images. Fourth, the digital elevation model(DEM) produced with aerial image taken with an UAV can visually express the altitude and shape of the topography of the study site, so it can be used as data to predict the effects of topographical changes due to changes in rural space. Therefore, it is possible to utilize various results using the data included in the aerial image taken by the UAV. In this study, the superiority of images acquired by UAV was verified by comparison with existing images, and the effect of 3D mapping on rural space monitoring was visually analyzed. If various types of spatial data such as GIS analysis and topographic map production are collected and utilized using data that can be acquired by unmanned aerial vehicles, it is expected to be used as basic data for rural planning to maintain and preserve the rural environment.